Yaşlı Bireylerde Gönüllülük ve Gönüllü Olma İsteğiyle İlişkili Faktörler

Abstract

Türkiye’nin yaşlı nüfusu hızla artarken aktif yaşlanma politikalarının merkezinde yer alan gönüllülük 65 yaş ve üzerindeki bireylerde oldukça sınırlı kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma, yaşlı bireylerde gönüllülük deneyimi ve gönüllü olma isteğiyle ilişkili faktörleri, sosyal ilişkilerin niceliği ile işlevini birbirinden ayırarak incelemektedir. Analizler 2023 Türkiye Yaşlı Profili Araştırması mikro verilerine dayanmakta; 65 yaş ve üzerindeki 10.347 birey için bireysel ağırlıklar ve hane düzeyinde kümelenmiş standart hatalarla ikili lojistik regresyon modelleri tahmin edilmektedir. Bulgular, gönüllülük deneyiminin eğitim düzeyiyle güçlü ve kademeli biçimde ilişkili olduğunu; ihtiyaç anında komşulardan yardım alabilmenin gönüllülük olasılığını yaklaşık üç kat arttırdığını göstermektedir. Buna karşılık komşularla görüşme sıklığı tutarlı bir ilişki sergilememekte; yalnız yaşama, medeni durum ve çocukların mekânsal yakınlığı hiçbir modelde anlamlı bulunmamaktadır. Gönüllü olma isteği ise daha düşük yaş, daha yüksek eğitim düzeyi ve destek sağlayabilen komşuluk ilişkileriyle ilişkilidir. Sonuçlar, yaşlı bireylerde sivil katılımı belirleyenin ilişkilerin sıklığı değil seferber edilebilir bir desteğe dönüşüp dönüşmediği olduğunu; aile yakınlığının yaygınlığına karşın gönüllülüğe dönüşmediğini ortaya koymaktadır

Keywords

• aktif yaşlanma
• yaşlı gönüllülüğü
• sosyal destek
• komşuluk ilişkileri
• sosyal sermaye

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