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Gelecek Nesillerin Yaşam Fırsatları İçin Ciddi Bir Tehdit: Çocuk Yoksulluğu

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 166 - 187, 01.10.2015

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada, gelecek nesillerin yaşam fırsatları açısından yarattığı tehdit nedeniyle
çocuk yoksulluğu konusu incelenmektedir. Çocukluk dönemindeki yoksulluğun olumsuz
yansımaları hem çocukların büyüme ve gelişme süreçlerinde hem de yetişkinlik
dönemlerindeki başarı ve kazanımları üzerinde görülmektedir. Ayrıca,
yoksulluğun nesiller arası geçişkenliği olan bir toplumsal risk olması, bu
sorunun bir kısır döngüye dönüşme olasılığını da artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle,
yoksullukla mücadelenin çocuklardan başlaması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Her ne
kadar son birkaç on yılda beslenme, barınma, eğitim, sağlık gibi temel insani
kapasitelerde küresel ölçekte önemli ilerlemeler kaydedilmiş olsa da beş yaş
altında ölen çocuk sayısı dünya genelinde halen 6,6 milyon gibi önemli bir
boyuttadır. Bu ölümlerin büyük bir kısmının önlenebilir nedenlerden
kaynaklanmakta olması ise üzerinde ayrıca durulması gereken bir konudur.  Bu olumsuz tablo, çocukların en temel hakları
olan yaşama ve büyüme haklarının birçok ülkede tehdit altında olduğunu
göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, çocuk yoksulluğu ile mücadeledeki başlıca hedef,
öncelikle çocukların yaşam haklarının korunması olmalıdır. Çocuk Haklarına Dair
Sözleşmede belirtilen hakların gerçekleştirilmesi konusunda bütün ülkeler
sorumluluklarını yerine getirmelidir.  Bu
açıdan, çocuk yoksulluğu ile mücadelenin bir politika önceliği olarak
belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.  

References

  • Adamson, Peter (2012), “Measuring Child Poverty: New League Tables of Child Poverty in the World’s Rich Countries” Innocenti Report Card 10, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence.
  • Bradshaw, Jonathan; Chzhen, Yekaterina, Gill Main, Bruno Martorano, Leonarda Menchini and Chris de Neubourg (2012), “Relative Income Poverty Among Children in Rich Countries”, Innocenti Working Paper 2012-01, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence.
  • Dayıoğlu, Meltem (2007), “Türkiye’de Çocuk Yoksulluğu: Ölçüm Yöntemleri ve Yoksulluğun Belirleyicileri”, TİSK Akademi, Cilt.2, Sayı.3, 83-105.
  • Duncon, Greg J; Yeung, W. Jean, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn and Judith R. Smith (1998), “How Much Does Childhood Poverty Affect the Life Chances of Children”, American Sociological Review, Vol.63, No.3, 406-423.
  • Engster, Daniel and Helena Olofsdotter Stensöta (2011), “Do Family Policy Regimes Matter for Children’s Well-Being?”, Social Politics, Vol.18, Number.1, 82-124.
  • Engster, Daniel (2012), “Child Poverty and Family Policies Across Eighteen Wealthy Western Democracies” Daniel Engster, Journal of Children and Poverty, Vol.18, No.2, 121-139.
  • Esping-Andersen, Gosta (1999), “Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies”, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Esping-Andersen, Gosta (2011), “Tamamlanmamış Devrim Kadınların Yeni Rollerine Uymak”, (Çev. Selin Çağatay), İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Heuveline, Patrick and Matthew Weinshenker (2008), “The International Child Poverty Gap: Does Demography Matter?”, Demography, Vol.45, No.1, 173-191.
  • Hill, Martha S. and Jodi R. Sandfort (1995), “Effects of Childhood Poverty on Productivitiy Later in Life: Implications for Public Policy”, Children and Youth Services Review, Vol.17, No.1/2, 91-126.
  • Hoelscher, Petra (2006), “What Works? Preventing and Reducing Child Poverty”, European Journal of Social Security, Vol.8, No.3, 257-277.
  • Jantti, Markus and Sheldon Danziger (1994), “Child Poverty in Sweden and the United States: The Effect of Social Transfers and Parental Labor Force Participation”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol.48; No.1, 48-64.
  • Lichter, Daniel T. (1997), “Poverty and Inequality Among Children”, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol.23, 121-145.
  • Martorano, Bruno; Natali, Luisa, Chris de Neubourg and Jonathan Bradshow (2013), “Child Well-Being in Advanced Economies in the Late 2000s”, Working Paper 2013-01, UNICEF Office of Research, Florence.
  • Mcleod, Jane D. and Michael J. Shanahan (1996), “Trajectories of Poverty and Children’s Mental Health”, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol.37, 207-220.
  • Misra, Joya; Moller, Stephanie and Michelle J. Budig (2007), “Work-Family Policies and Poverty for Partnered and Single Women in Europe and North America”, Gender and Society, Vol.21, No.6, 804-827.
  • Neubourg, Chris de; Bradshow, Jonathan, Yekaterina Chzhen, Gill Main, Bruno Martorano and Leonardo Menchini (2012), “Child Deprivation, Multidimensional Poverty and Monetery Poverty in Europe”, Innocenti Working Paper 2012-02, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence.
  • OECD (2009), Doing Better for Children, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • OECD, Child Poverty Statistics, (Erişim): http://www.stats.oecd.org.
  • Roelen, Keetie and Geranda Notten (2011), “The Breadth of Child Poverty in Europe: An Investigation Into Overlap and Accumulation of Deprivations”, Innocenti Working Paper 2011-04, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence. UNDP (1990), Human Development Report 1990, Concept and Measurement of Human Development, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • UNDP (1997), Human Development Report 1997, Human Development to Eradicate Poverty, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • UNICEF (2000), Poverty Reduction Begins with Children, New York, USA.
  • UNICEF (2001), Poverty and Children Lessons of the 90s for Least Developed Countries, New York, USA.
  • UNICEF (2004), The State of the World’s Children 2005, New York, USA.
  • UNICEF (2005), “Child Poverty in Rich Countries 2005”, Innocenti Report Card No: 6, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence.
  • UNICEF (2013), “Child Well-being in Rich Countries: A Comparative Overview”, Innocenti Report Card No: 11,
  • UNICEF Office of Research, Florence UNICEF (2014), The State of the World’s Children 2014, New York, USA.
  • Whiteford, Peter and Willem Adema (2006), “Combating Child Poverty in OECD Countries: Is Work the Answer?”, European Journal of Social Security, Vol.8, No.3, 235-256.
Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 166 - 187, 01.10.2015

Abstract

References

  • Adamson, Peter (2012), “Measuring Child Poverty: New League Tables of Child Poverty in the World’s Rich Countries” Innocenti Report Card 10, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence.
  • Bradshaw, Jonathan; Chzhen, Yekaterina, Gill Main, Bruno Martorano, Leonarda Menchini and Chris de Neubourg (2012), “Relative Income Poverty Among Children in Rich Countries”, Innocenti Working Paper 2012-01, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence.
  • Dayıoğlu, Meltem (2007), “Türkiye’de Çocuk Yoksulluğu: Ölçüm Yöntemleri ve Yoksulluğun Belirleyicileri”, TİSK Akademi, Cilt.2, Sayı.3, 83-105.
  • Duncon, Greg J; Yeung, W. Jean, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn and Judith R. Smith (1998), “How Much Does Childhood Poverty Affect the Life Chances of Children”, American Sociological Review, Vol.63, No.3, 406-423.
  • Engster, Daniel and Helena Olofsdotter Stensöta (2011), “Do Family Policy Regimes Matter for Children’s Well-Being?”, Social Politics, Vol.18, Number.1, 82-124.
  • Engster, Daniel (2012), “Child Poverty and Family Policies Across Eighteen Wealthy Western Democracies” Daniel Engster, Journal of Children and Poverty, Vol.18, No.2, 121-139.
  • Esping-Andersen, Gosta (1999), “Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies”, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Esping-Andersen, Gosta (2011), “Tamamlanmamış Devrim Kadınların Yeni Rollerine Uymak”, (Çev. Selin Çağatay), İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Heuveline, Patrick and Matthew Weinshenker (2008), “The International Child Poverty Gap: Does Demography Matter?”, Demography, Vol.45, No.1, 173-191.
  • Hill, Martha S. and Jodi R. Sandfort (1995), “Effects of Childhood Poverty on Productivitiy Later in Life: Implications for Public Policy”, Children and Youth Services Review, Vol.17, No.1/2, 91-126.
  • Hoelscher, Petra (2006), “What Works? Preventing and Reducing Child Poverty”, European Journal of Social Security, Vol.8, No.3, 257-277.
  • Jantti, Markus and Sheldon Danziger (1994), “Child Poverty in Sweden and the United States: The Effect of Social Transfers and Parental Labor Force Participation”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol.48; No.1, 48-64.
  • Lichter, Daniel T. (1997), “Poverty and Inequality Among Children”, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol.23, 121-145.
  • Martorano, Bruno; Natali, Luisa, Chris de Neubourg and Jonathan Bradshow (2013), “Child Well-Being in Advanced Economies in the Late 2000s”, Working Paper 2013-01, UNICEF Office of Research, Florence.
  • Mcleod, Jane D. and Michael J. Shanahan (1996), “Trajectories of Poverty and Children’s Mental Health”, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol.37, 207-220.
  • Misra, Joya; Moller, Stephanie and Michelle J. Budig (2007), “Work-Family Policies and Poverty for Partnered and Single Women in Europe and North America”, Gender and Society, Vol.21, No.6, 804-827.
  • Neubourg, Chris de; Bradshow, Jonathan, Yekaterina Chzhen, Gill Main, Bruno Martorano and Leonardo Menchini (2012), “Child Deprivation, Multidimensional Poverty and Monetery Poverty in Europe”, Innocenti Working Paper 2012-02, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence.
  • OECD (2009), Doing Better for Children, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • OECD, Child Poverty Statistics, (Erişim): http://www.stats.oecd.org.
  • Roelen, Keetie and Geranda Notten (2011), “The Breadth of Child Poverty in Europe: An Investigation Into Overlap and Accumulation of Deprivations”, Innocenti Working Paper 2011-04, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence. UNDP (1990), Human Development Report 1990, Concept and Measurement of Human Development, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • UNDP (1997), Human Development Report 1997, Human Development to Eradicate Poverty, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • UNICEF (2000), Poverty Reduction Begins with Children, New York, USA.
  • UNICEF (2001), Poverty and Children Lessons of the 90s for Least Developed Countries, New York, USA.
  • UNICEF (2004), The State of the World’s Children 2005, New York, USA.
  • UNICEF (2005), “Child Poverty in Rich Countries 2005”, Innocenti Report Card No: 6, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence.
  • UNICEF (2013), “Child Well-being in Rich Countries: A Comparative Overview”, Innocenti Report Card No: 11,
  • UNICEF Office of Research, Florence UNICEF (2014), The State of the World’s Children 2014, New York, USA.
  • Whiteford, Peter and Willem Adema (2006), “Combating Child Poverty in OECD Countries: Is Work the Answer?”, European Journal of Social Security, Vol.8, No.3, 235-256.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Banu Metin

Publication Date October 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Metin, B. (2015). Gelecek Nesillerin Yaşam Fırsatları İçin Ciddi Bir Tehdit: Çocuk Yoksulluğu. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 5(2), 166-187.