Hollanda Göçmen Entegrasyonu Politikaları: Liberalizmden Neoliberalizme

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 177 - 192, 28.06.2019

Gizem Kolbaşı Muyan

https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.582747

Cited By: 3

Öz

Bu
makalenin amacı, sosyal politika konusu olan göçmen entegrasyonunu Hollanda
üzerinden incelemek ve göçmen politikalarının zaman içindeki değişimini
açıklamaktır. Hollanda entegrasyon politikaları hakkında, 1970’lerden bu yana
yapısal ve sosyo-kültürel boyutlarda ikincil kaynaklar ve Hollanda entegrasyon
raporları çerçevesinde değerlendirme yapılmaktadır. 1970’lerde göçmenlerin
kalıcılığını fark etmeyen Hollanda devleti,  anadillerini, dini ve kültürel aidiyetlerini
muhafaza etmelerini sağlamaya dönük politika benimsemiştir. 1980’lerde izlenen
ve “çokkültürcü” olarak tanımlanan Etnik Azınlık Politikası, göçmen
entegrasyonuna grup odaklı yaklaşmış; konuyu sosyal politika altında
değerlendirmiştir. 1990’larda bu yaklaşım, devlete getirdiği ekonomik yük gerekçesiyle
terk edilmiştir. Göçmenden sosyo-ekonomik alanda toplumsal hayata ve kurumlara
bireysel katılım beklenmiştir. Göçmen entegrasyonunda sosyal politikalardan
istihdam politikalarına değişim başlamıştır. 2000’lerde göçmen politikalarında
güvenlik eksenli bakış açısı benimsenmiştir. İslam ve Müslüman göçmenler,
Hollanda toplumuna ve değerlerine tehdit olarak görülmüş, entegrasyonda
kültürel asimilasyon beklentisi yansıtılmıştır. Makale, Hollanda göçmen entegrasyon
politikalarında zaman içerisinde çok kültürcülükten asimilasyonist bakış
açısına, gruptan birey odaklı yaklaşıma, hak ve fırsattan sorumluluk ve ödev temelli
anlayışa, refah devleti politikalarından istihdam politikası perspektifine ve liberal
politikalardan neoliberal paternalistik politikalara değişim yaşandığını
savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hollanda, entegrasyon, sosyal politika, göçmen politikaları

Kaynakça

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