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Fırsat mı Kriz mi? Mavi Yakalı Çalışanların Emekliliğe Yönelik Beklentileri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 319 - 334, 19.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.658684

Abstract

Bu çalışma, tekstil sektöründe çalışan mavi yakalı işçilerle yapılan görüşmelerin bulgularını içermektedir. Çalışmada, mavi yakalıların emeklilik döneminden beklentileri ve emeklilik kararına etki eden faktörler ile emeklilik sonrası çalışmaya ilişkin görüşleri ve emeklilik dönemine ilişkin plan ve birikim yapma eğilimlerinin açıklığa kavuşturulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçtan hareketle, çalışmaya temel teşkil edebilecek verilerin derlenmesi amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış; bu kapsamda tekstil sektöründe çalışan 50 yaş ve üzeri 11 bireyle yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler sonucunda katılımcıların önemli bir kısmının emekliliği maddi boyutuyla tanımladığı ve dolayısıyla emekliliğe ilişkin bakışın olumsuz algılar etrafında yoğunlaştığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Sağlık sorunları yaşama, maddi zorluklar, evle ilgili sorumluluklar ve bakım verilen başka bir aile üyesinin varlığı, çocukların eğitimi gibi faktörlerin varlığı emekliliğe yönelik olumsuz beklenti ve tutumlara işaret ederken; düzenli bir emeklilik gelirine sahip olma, aile ile birlikte daha fazla zaman geçirme ve seyahat etme arzusu emekliliğe yönelik olumlu beklentilere zemin hazırlamaktadır.

References

  • Adams, G. and Rau, B. (2004). Job Seeking Among Retirees Seeking Bridge Employment. Personnel Psychology. 57. 719-744.
  • Alcover, C. M. (2017). Bridge Employment: Transitions from Career Employment to Retirement and Beyond, in the Palgrave Handbook of Age Diversity and Work. E. PARRY & J. MCCARTHY. 225-262. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Alper, Y. (1997). Sosyal Güvenlik ve Emeklilik Yaşının Tespiti. Çimento İşveren Dergisi. [http://www.ceis.org.tr/ dergi/ ocak1997/makale_1.pdf].
  • Alper, Y. (2018). Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Sistemi ve Sosyal Sigortalar Hukuku. 9. Baskı. Dora Yayıncılık. Bursa.
  • Anderson, K. H., Newman, E. S. and Sherman, S. R. (1979). Differences in Attitudes Toward Retirement Among Male and Female Faculty and Other University Professionals. Journal of Minority Aging. Sayı 4.
  • Arıcı, K. (2015). Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Hukuku. Gazi Kitapevi. Ankara.
  • Armstrong-Stassen, M. (2008). Organisational Practices and the Post-Retirement Employment Experience of Older Workers. Human Resource Management Journal. 18(1). 36-53.
  • Atchley, R. C. (1989). A Continuity Theory of Normal Aging. The Gerontologist. 29(2). 183-190.
  • Başar, M. A., & Ulutaş, M. (2015). The Views and Expectations of Academicians About Retirement/Akademik Personelin Emeklilikleriyle İlgili Görüş ve Beklentileri. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama. 11(1). 125-148.
  • Beehr, T. A. (1986). The Process of Retirement: A Review and Recommendations for Future Investigation. Personnel Psychology. 39(1). 31-55.
  • Beehr, T. A., & Bennett, M. M. (2007). Examining Retirement From a Multi-Level Perspective, in K. S. Shultz & G. A. Adams (eds.). Aging and Work in the 21st Century. 277-302.
  • Beehr, T. A., & Bennett, M. M. (2015). Working After Retirement: Features of Bridge Employment and Research Directions. Work, Aging and Retirement. 1. 112–128
  • Creswell, W. (2017). Nitel Araştırmacılar İçin 30 Temel Beceri. (Çev., Hasan Özcan). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Çakır, Ö. (2011). Emekliliğin Psiko Sosyal Boyutu. Türkiye Emekliler Derneği: Ankara
  • Çetin, S. (2019). 55 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerin Emeklilik Algısı ve Emekliliğe Uyum Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi. 12(1). 20-31.
  • Damman, M., Segel-Karpas, D., & Henkens, K. (2019). Partners’ Adjustment to Older Workers’ Retirement: Testing the Role of Preretirement Expectations in a 10-year Panel Study. Aging & Mental Health. 23(11). 1555-1561.
  • Demirbilek, S. (2005). Sosyal Güvenlik Sosyolojisi. Legal Yayıncılık: İzmir.
  • Denton, F. T., & Spencer, B. G. (2009). What is Retirement? A Review and Rssessment of Alternative Concepts and Measures. Canadian Journal on Aging. 28. 63-76.
  • Desmette, D. ve Gaillard, M. (2008). When a "Worker" Becomes an "Older Worker" The Effects of Age-related Social Identity on Attitudes Towards Retirement and Work. Career Development International. 13(2).
  • Dingemans, E., Henkens, K., Solinge, H. V. (2016). Access to Bridge Employment: Who Finds and Who Does Not Find Work After Retirement? The Gerontologist 56(4). 630-640.
  • Durusoy Öztepe, N. (2018). Çalışma Yaşamında Emekliler. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Ekerdt, D. J. (1998). Workplace Norms for the Timing of Retirement. Impact of Work on Older Adults. (Editörler: Warner Schaie ve Carmi Schooler). New York: Springer Publishing. 101-142.
  • Erdner, R. A. and Guy, R. F. (1990). Career Identification and Women's Attitudes Toward Retirement. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 30(2).
  • Fasbender, U., Wang, M., Voltmer, J. B., and Deller, J. (2015). The Meaning of Work for Post-Retirement Employment Decisions. Work, Aging and Retirement. 2(1). 12-23.
  • Feldman, D. C. and Beehr, T. A. (2011). A Three-Phase Model of Retirement Decision Making. American Psychologist. 66(3).
  • Feldman, D. (1994). The Decision to Retire Early: A Review and Conceptualization. The Academy of Management Review. 19(2). 285-311.
  • Feldman, D. C. and Kim, S. (2000). Bridge Employment During Retirement: A Field Study of Individual and Organizational Experiences with Post-Retirement Employment, Human Resource Planning. 23(1). 14-25.
  • Fisher, G. G., Ryan, L. H., Sonnega, A. and Naudé, M. N. (2016). Job lock, Work, and Psychological Well-Being in the United States. Work, Aging and Retirement. 2(3). 345-358.
  • Gignac, M. A., Smith, P. M., Ibrahim, S., Kristman, V., Beaton, D. E. and Mustard, C. A. (2019). Retirement Expectations of Older Workers with Arthritis and Diabetes Compared with Those of Workers with No Chronic Diseases. Canadian Journal on Aging. 38(3). 1-19.
  • Crego, A., Alcover de la Hera, C. and Martínez‐Íñigo, D. (2008). The Transition Process to Post‐Working Life and its Pychosocial Outcomes. Career Development International. 13(2). 186-204.
  • Jacobson, D. (1972). Fatigue-Producing Factors in Industrial Work and Pre-Retirement Attitudes. Occupational Psychology. 46(4). 193-200.
  • Johnson, R. W. and Favreault, M. M. (2001). Retiring Together or Working Alone: The Impact of Spousal Employment and Disability on Retirement Decisions. Centre for Retirement Research at Boston College Working Paper. 2001-01.
  • Kantarcı, T. and Van Soest, A. (2008). Gradual Retirement: Preferences and Limitations, DeEconomist. 156. 113–144.
  • Kerkhofs, M., Lindeboom, M. and Theeuwes, J. (1999). Retirement, Financial Incentives and Health. Labour Economics. 6(2). 203-227.
  • McGarry, K. (2004). Health and Retirement do Changes in Health Affect Retirement Expectations? Journal of Human Resources.39(3). 624-648.
  • Minkler, M. (1981). Research on the Health Effects of Retirement: an Uncertain Legacy. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 117-130.
  • Pengcharoen, C. and Shultz, K. S. (2010). The Influences on Bridge Employment Decisions. International Journal of Manpower. 31(3). 322-336. doi: 10.1108/01437721011050602
  • Pleau, R. and Shauman, K. (2012). Trends and Correlates of Post-Retirement Employment. 1977–2009. Human Relations. 66(1). 113-141.
  • Ruhm, C. J. (1990). Bridge Jobs and Partial Retirement. Journal of Labor Economics. 8(4). 482-501.
  • Sewdas, R., Wind, A., Zwaan, L., Borg, W., Steenbeek, R., Beek, A. and Boot, C. (2017). Why Older Workers Work Beyond the Retirement Age: A Qualitative Study, BMC Public Health Journal. 17: 672.
  • Shultz, K. S. (2003). Bridge Employment: Work After Retirement, in G. Adams & T. A. Beehr (Eds.). Retirement: Reasons, Processes and Results. 215-241.
  • Shultz, K. S., & Wang, M. (2007). The Influence of Specific Physical Health Conditions on Retirement Decisions. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 65(2).
  • Shultz, K. S., Morton, K. R. and Weckerle, J. R. (1998). The Influence of Push and Pull Factors on Voluntary and Involuntary Early Retirees' Retirement Decision and Adjustment. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 53(1). 45-57.
  • Sönmez, V. ve Alacapınar, F. G. (2013). Örneklendirilmiş Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Szinovacz, M. (1987). Preferred Retirement Timing and Retirement Satisfaction in Women. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 24(4). 301-317.
  • Şahin, H. ve Selvitopu, A. (2012). Öğretmenlerin Emeklilik Dönemine ve Emekliliğe Hazırlık Eğitimine İlişkin Görüşleri. İlköğretim Online. 11(4). 1053-1065.
  • Şakar, M. (1987). Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Hukukunda Yaşlıların Korunması. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Talaga, J. and Beehr, T. A. (1989). Retirement: A Psychological Perspective. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. (Editörler: C. L. Cooper ve I. T. Robertson). England: John Wiley. 185-211.
  • Taylor, M. A. and Shore, L. M. (1995). Predictors of Planned Retirement Age: An Application of Beehr’s Model. Psychology and Aging. 10(1).
  • Van Rooij, M. C., Lusardi, A. and Alessie, R. J. (2012). Financial Literacy, Retirement Planning and Household Wealth. The Economic Journal. 122(560). 449-478.
  • Wang, M., Zhan, Y., Liu, S. and Shultz, K. S. (2008). Antecedents of Bridge Employment: A Longitudinal Investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology. 93. 818.
  • Wang, M., Shultz, K. S. (2010). Employee Retirement: A Review and Recommendations for Future Investigation. Journal of Management. 36(1). 172-206.
  • Zhan, Y., Wang, M., Liu, S. and Shultz, K. S. (2009). Bridge Employment and Retirees’Health: Alongitudinal Investigation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 14. 374–389.
Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 319 - 334, 19.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.658684

Abstract

References

  • Adams, G. and Rau, B. (2004). Job Seeking Among Retirees Seeking Bridge Employment. Personnel Psychology. 57. 719-744.
  • Alcover, C. M. (2017). Bridge Employment: Transitions from Career Employment to Retirement and Beyond, in the Palgrave Handbook of Age Diversity and Work. E. PARRY & J. MCCARTHY. 225-262. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Alper, Y. (1997). Sosyal Güvenlik ve Emeklilik Yaşının Tespiti. Çimento İşveren Dergisi. [http://www.ceis.org.tr/ dergi/ ocak1997/makale_1.pdf].
  • Alper, Y. (2018). Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Sistemi ve Sosyal Sigortalar Hukuku. 9. Baskı. Dora Yayıncılık. Bursa.
  • Anderson, K. H., Newman, E. S. and Sherman, S. R. (1979). Differences in Attitudes Toward Retirement Among Male and Female Faculty and Other University Professionals. Journal of Minority Aging. Sayı 4.
  • Arıcı, K. (2015). Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Hukuku. Gazi Kitapevi. Ankara.
  • Armstrong-Stassen, M. (2008). Organisational Practices and the Post-Retirement Employment Experience of Older Workers. Human Resource Management Journal. 18(1). 36-53.
  • Atchley, R. C. (1989). A Continuity Theory of Normal Aging. The Gerontologist. 29(2). 183-190.
  • Başar, M. A., & Ulutaş, M. (2015). The Views and Expectations of Academicians About Retirement/Akademik Personelin Emeklilikleriyle İlgili Görüş ve Beklentileri. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama. 11(1). 125-148.
  • Beehr, T. A. (1986). The Process of Retirement: A Review and Recommendations for Future Investigation. Personnel Psychology. 39(1). 31-55.
  • Beehr, T. A., & Bennett, M. M. (2007). Examining Retirement From a Multi-Level Perspective, in K. S. Shultz & G. A. Adams (eds.). Aging and Work in the 21st Century. 277-302.
  • Beehr, T. A., & Bennett, M. M. (2015). Working After Retirement: Features of Bridge Employment and Research Directions. Work, Aging and Retirement. 1. 112–128
  • Creswell, W. (2017). Nitel Araştırmacılar İçin 30 Temel Beceri. (Çev., Hasan Özcan). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Çakır, Ö. (2011). Emekliliğin Psiko Sosyal Boyutu. Türkiye Emekliler Derneği: Ankara
  • Çetin, S. (2019). 55 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerin Emeklilik Algısı ve Emekliliğe Uyum Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi. 12(1). 20-31.
  • Damman, M., Segel-Karpas, D., & Henkens, K. (2019). Partners’ Adjustment to Older Workers’ Retirement: Testing the Role of Preretirement Expectations in a 10-year Panel Study. Aging & Mental Health. 23(11). 1555-1561.
  • Demirbilek, S. (2005). Sosyal Güvenlik Sosyolojisi. Legal Yayıncılık: İzmir.
  • Denton, F. T., & Spencer, B. G. (2009). What is Retirement? A Review and Rssessment of Alternative Concepts and Measures. Canadian Journal on Aging. 28. 63-76.
  • Desmette, D. ve Gaillard, M. (2008). When a "Worker" Becomes an "Older Worker" The Effects of Age-related Social Identity on Attitudes Towards Retirement and Work. Career Development International. 13(2).
  • Dingemans, E., Henkens, K., Solinge, H. V. (2016). Access to Bridge Employment: Who Finds and Who Does Not Find Work After Retirement? The Gerontologist 56(4). 630-640.
  • Durusoy Öztepe, N. (2018). Çalışma Yaşamında Emekliler. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Ekerdt, D. J. (1998). Workplace Norms for the Timing of Retirement. Impact of Work on Older Adults. (Editörler: Warner Schaie ve Carmi Schooler). New York: Springer Publishing. 101-142.
  • Erdner, R. A. and Guy, R. F. (1990). Career Identification and Women's Attitudes Toward Retirement. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 30(2).
  • Fasbender, U., Wang, M., Voltmer, J. B., and Deller, J. (2015). The Meaning of Work for Post-Retirement Employment Decisions. Work, Aging and Retirement. 2(1). 12-23.
  • Feldman, D. C. and Beehr, T. A. (2011). A Three-Phase Model of Retirement Decision Making. American Psychologist. 66(3).
  • Feldman, D. (1994). The Decision to Retire Early: A Review and Conceptualization. The Academy of Management Review. 19(2). 285-311.
  • Feldman, D. C. and Kim, S. (2000). Bridge Employment During Retirement: A Field Study of Individual and Organizational Experiences with Post-Retirement Employment, Human Resource Planning. 23(1). 14-25.
  • Fisher, G. G., Ryan, L. H., Sonnega, A. and Naudé, M. N. (2016). Job lock, Work, and Psychological Well-Being in the United States. Work, Aging and Retirement. 2(3). 345-358.
  • Gignac, M. A., Smith, P. M., Ibrahim, S., Kristman, V., Beaton, D. E. and Mustard, C. A. (2019). Retirement Expectations of Older Workers with Arthritis and Diabetes Compared with Those of Workers with No Chronic Diseases. Canadian Journal on Aging. 38(3). 1-19.
  • Crego, A., Alcover de la Hera, C. and Martínez‐Íñigo, D. (2008). The Transition Process to Post‐Working Life and its Pychosocial Outcomes. Career Development International. 13(2). 186-204.
  • Jacobson, D. (1972). Fatigue-Producing Factors in Industrial Work and Pre-Retirement Attitudes. Occupational Psychology. 46(4). 193-200.
  • Johnson, R. W. and Favreault, M. M. (2001). Retiring Together or Working Alone: The Impact of Spousal Employment and Disability on Retirement Decisions. Centre for Retirement Research at Boston College Working Paper. 2001-01.
  • Kantarcı, T. and Van Soest, A. (2008). Gradual Retirement: Preferences and Limitations, DeEconomist. 156. 113–144.
  • Kerkhofs, M., Lindeboom, M. and Theeuwes, J. (1999). Retirement, Financial Incentives and Health. Labour Economics. 6(2). 203-227.
  • McGarry, K. (2004). Health and Retirement do Changes in Health Affect Retirement Expectations? Journal of Human Resources.39(3). 624-648.
  • Minkler, M. (1981). Research on the Health Effects of Retirement: an Uncertain Legacy. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 117-130.
  • Pengcharoen, C. and Shultz, K. S. (2010). The Influences on Bridge Employment Decisions. International Journal of Manpower. 31(3). 322-336. doi: 10.1108/01437721011050602
  • Pleau, R. and Shauman, K. (2012). Trends and Correlates of Post-Retirement Employment. 1977–2009. Human Relations. 66(1). 113-141.
  • Ruhm, C. J. (1990). Bridge Jobs and Partial Retirement. Journal of Labor Economics. 8(4). 482-501.
  • Sewdas, R., Wind, A., Zwaan, L., Borg, W., Steenbeek, R., Beek, A. and Boot, C. (2017). Why Older Workers Work Beyond the Retirement Age: A Qualitative Study, BMC Public Health Journal. 17: 672.
  • Shultz, K. S. (2003). Bridge Employment: Work After Retirement, in G. Adams & T. A. Beehr (Eds.). Retirement: Reasons, Processes and Results. 215-241.
  • Shultz, K. S., & Wang, M. (2007). The Influence of Specific Physical Health Conditions on Retirement Decisions. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 65(2).
  • Shultz, K. S., Morton, K. R. and Weckerle, J. R. (1998). The Influence of Push and Pull Factors on Voluntary and Involuntary Early Retirees' Retirement Decision and Adjustment. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 53(1). 45-57.
  • Sönmez, V. ve Alacapınar, F. G. (2013). Örneklendirilmiş Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Szinovacz, M. (1987). Preferred Retirement Timing and Retirement Satisfaction in Women. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 24(4). 301-317.
  • Şahin, H. ve Selvitopu, A. (2012). Öğretmenlerin Emeklilik Dönemine ve Emekliliğe Hazırlık Eğitimine İlişkin Görüşleri. İlköğretim Online. 11(4). 1053-1065.
  • Şakar, M. (1987). Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Hukukunda Yaşlıların Korunması. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Talaga, J. and Beehr, T. A. (1989). Retirement: A Psychological Perspective. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. (Editörler: C. L. Cooper ve I. T. Robertson). England: John Wiley. 185-211.
  • Taylor, M. A. and Shore, L. M. (1995). Predictors of Planned Retirement Age: An Application of Beehr’s Model. Psychology and Aging. 10(1).
  • Van Rooij, M. C., Lusardi, A. and Alessie, R. J. (2012). Financial Literacy, Retirement Planning and Household Wealth. The Economic Journal. 122(560). 449-478.
  • Wang, M., Zhan, Y., Liu, S. and Shultz, K. S. (2008). Antecedents of Bridge Employment: A Longitudinal Investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology. 93. 818.
  • Wang, M., Shultz, K. S. (2010). Employee Retirement: A Review and Recommendations for Future Investigation. Journal of Management. 36(1). 172-206.
  • Zhan, Y., Wang, M., Liu, S. and Shultz, K. S. (2009). Bridge Employment and Retirees’Health: Alongitudinal Investigation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 14. 374–389.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nagihan Durusoy Öztepe 0000-0001-5963-8592

Asiye Kamber Kıvcı This is me 0000-0003-2229-4516

Publication Date December 19, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Durusoy Öztepe, N., & Kamber Kıvcı, A. (2019). Fırsat mı Kriz mi? Mavi Yakalı Çalışanların Emekliliğe Yönelik Beklentileri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 9(2), 319-334. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.658684