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İşgücü Piyasası Durumları Arasındaki Geçişlerin Markov Modelleri ile İncelenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 335 - 360, 19.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.658696

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı çalışma çağında olan bireylerin işgücü piyasası durumları arasındaki geçişleri üzerinde etkili olan sosyo-ekonomik ve demografik etmenleri geçiş matrisleri ve geçiş (Markov) modelleriyle incelemektir. Bireylerin işgücü piyasası durumları arasındaki geçişlerinde 2008 finans krizinin yarattığı etkinin de belirlenebilmesi amacıyla 2007-2010 Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması Panel Veri Seti kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de kadın işgücüne katılımının dünya ortalamasının altında olması nedeniyle kadın ve erkekler için tahmin edilen modeller ile karşılaştırma yapılması sağlanmaktadır. Çalışmada üç işgücü durumu (istihdam, işsiz ve işgücü dışı) arasındaki hareketlilik, Geçiş Matrisleri ile elde edilmekte ve geçişler üzerinde etkili olan etmenler Multinomial Logit modelleri ile incelenmektedir. Öne çıkan bulgulara göre kriz döneminde işsizlik sürekliliği ve istihdamdan işsizliğe geçme olasılığı artmaktadır. Hanede küçük çocuk olması kadınların işgücüne katılımını negatif, erkeklerin ise pozitif etkilemektedir. Üniversite mezunları en yüksek istihdam sürekliliğine sahiptir. Ayrıca kadınların eğitim düzeyleri açısından sadece üniversite ve üzeri eğitime sahip olmak işgücü dışından istihdama geçişlerinde pozitif etki yaratmaktadır.

References

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  • Alcan, D., Can, R. ve Pektaş, B. (2015). Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Hareketlilik: Mikro Veriye Dayalı Analiz. Kalkınma Bakanlığı Ekonomi Çalışma Tebliğleri Serisi. No: 2015/1.
  • Arrow, K. J., Harris, T. and Marschak, J. (1951). Optimal Inventory Policy. Econometrica. 19(3). 250-272.
  • Bahçe, S. A. K. ve Memiş, E. (2014a). The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Joblessness in Turkey. The Economic and Labour Relations Review. 25(1). 130-153.
  • Bahçe, S. A. K. ve Memiş, E. (2014b). The Uncounted Who Wish to Work-Distinct to the Unemployed or Similar? Sosyoekonomi. 21(1). 305-333.
  • Balkan, B., Başkaya, Y. S. ve Tümen S. (2014). Evaluating the Impact of the Post-2008 Employment Subsidy Program in Turkey. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası Working Paper. No: 14/14.
  • Becker, G. S. (1965). A Theory of the Allocation of Time. The Economic Journal. 75(299). 493-517.
  • Bernabe, S. ve Stampini, M. (2009). Labour Mobility During Transition Evidence from Georgia. Economics of Transition. 17(2). 377-409.
  • Bosch, M. ve Maloney, W. F. (2010). Comparative Analysis of Labor Market Dynamics Using Markov Processes: An Application to Informality. Labour Economics. 17.621-631.
  • Calderon-Madrid, A. (2000). Job Stability and Labor Mobility in Urban Mexico: A Study Based on Duration Models and Transition Analysis. Inter-American Development Bank Research Network Working Paper. No: R-419.
  • Canavire-Bacarreza, G. J. ve Soria, L. F. L. (2007). Unemployment Duration and Labor Mobility in Argentina: A Socioeconomic-Based Pre- and Post-Crisis Analysis. CEDLAS Working Papers. No: 54.
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  • Cilasun, S. M., Acar, E. Ö. ve Gunalp, B. (2015). The Effects of Labor Market Reforms on the Labor Market Dynamics in Turkey. MPRA Paper. No: 64767.
  • Cuesta, J. ve Bohorquez, C. (2011). Labor Market Transitions and Social Security in Colombia. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. No: 5650.
  • Diggle, P. J., Heagerty, P., Liang, K. Y. ve Zeger, S. L. (2002). Analysis of Longitudinal Data, Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Duryea, S., Marquez, G., Pages, C., ve Scarpetta, S. (2006). For Better or for Worse? Job and Earnings Mobility in Nine Middle- and Low-Income Countries. Brookings Trade Forum. 2006. 187-209.
  • Ehrenberg, R. G. ve Smith, R. S. (2012). Modern Labor Economics Theory and Public Policy. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Fabrizi, E. ve Mussida, C. (2009). The Determinants of Labour Market Transitions. Giornale degli Economisti e Annali di Economia. 68(2). 233-265.
  • Frees, E. W. (2004). Longitudinal and Panel Data: Analysis and Applications in the Social Sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gong, X., Soest, A. V. ve Villagomez, E. (2004). Mobility in the Urban Labor Market: A Panel Data Analysis for Mexico. Economic Development and Cultural Change. 53(1). 1-36.
  • Gündoğan, N., Biçerli, M. K., Lordoğlu, K. ve Özkaplan, N. (2013). Çalışma Ekonomisi I. Eskişehir, Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Hausman, J. A. ve McFadden, D. (1984). Specification Tests for the Multinomial Logit Model. Econometrica. 52(5). 1219-1240.
  • İkizler, H. ve Tunalı, İ. (2012). Agricultural Transformation and Labor Mobility During the ARIP Period in Turkey: Evidence from Micro-Data, 2000-2002. Economic Research Forum Working Paper Series. No: 706.
  • Jones, D. C. ve Kato, T. (1997). The Nature and the Determinants of Labor Market Transitions in Former Communist Economies: Evidence from Bulgaria. Industrial Relations. 36(2). 229-254.
  • Krstic, G. ve Sanfey, P. (2007). Mobility, Poverty and Well-Being Among the Informally Employed in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Economic Systems. 31. 311-335.
  • Lauerova, J. S. ve Terrell, K. (2002). Explaining Gender Differences in Unemployment with Micro Data on Flows in Post-Communist Economies. William Davidson Working Paper. No: 506.
  • Lehmann, H. ve Pignatti, N. (2007). Informal Employment Relationships and Labor Market Segmentation in Transition Economies: Evidence from Ukraine. IZA Discussion Paper. No: 3269.
  • Lima, V. O. ve Paredes, R. D. (2007). The Dynamics of the Labor Markets in Chile. Estudios de Economia. 34(2). 163-183.
  • Long, J. S. ve Freese, J. (2001). Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata. United States of America: Stata Press.
  • Maloney, W. F. (1999). Does Informality Imply Segmentation in Urban Labor Markets? Evidence from Sectoral Transitions in Mexico. The World Bank Economic Review. 13(2). 275-302.
  • Nilsen, Q. A., Risa, A. E. ve Torstensen, A. (2000). Transitions from Employment among Young Norwegian Workers. Journal of Population Economics. 13(1). 21-34.
  • Pages, C. ve Stampini, M. (2009). No Education, No Good Jobs? Evidence on the Relationship Between Education and Labor Market Segmentation. Journal of Comparative Economics. 37(3). 387-401.
  • Rust, J. (1994). Structural Estimation of Markov Decision Processes. Handbook of Econometrics. Volume IV. (3081-3143). Editör Robert F. Engle and Daniel L. McFadden. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Small, K. A. and Hsiao, C. (1985). Multinomial Logit Specification Tests. International Economic Review. 26(3). 619-627.
  • Sorm, V. ve Terrell, K. (2000). Sectoral Restructing and Labor Mobility: A Comparative Look at the Czech Republic. IZA Discussion Paper. No: 111.
  • Tansel, A. ve Kan, E. Ö. (2012). Labor Mobility Across the Formal/Informal Divide in Turkey: Evidence from Individual Level Data. ERC Working Papers in Economics. No:12/01.
  • Taşçı, H. M. ve Tansel, A. (2005a). Unemployment and Transitions in the Turkish Labor Market: Evidence from Individual Level Data. IZA Discussion Paper. No: 1663.
  • Taşçı, H. M. ve Tansel, A. (2005b). Youth Unemployment Duration in Turkey. METU Studies in Development. 32. 517-545.
  • Tiongson, E. R. ve Yemtsov, R. (2008). Bosnia and Herzegovina 2001-2004: Enterprise Restructuring, Labor Market Transitions and Poverty. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. No: 4479.
  • TÜİK. (2007). İşgücü, İstihdam ve İşsizlik İstatistikleri - Sorularla Resmi İstatistikler Dizisi - I. Ankara: TÜİK Matbaası.
  • TÜİK. (2014). Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketinde Yapılan Yeni Düzenlemelere İlişkin Açıklamalar. [http://www.tuik.gov.tr/MicroVeri/Hia_2014/turkce/downloads/aciklamalar.pdf]. (Erişim: 07.01.2017).
  • Uysal, G. (2013). Kadın İstihdamına Verilen Teşvikler İşe Yarıyor. Betam Araştırma Notu. No: 13/151.
  • Voicu, A. (2005). Employment Dynamics in the Romanian Labor Market. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Approach. Journal of Comparative Economics. 33(2005). 604-639.
Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 335 - 360, 19.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.658696

Abstract

References

  • Acar, E. Ö. ve Tansel, A. (2016). Defining and Measuring Informality: The Case of Turkish Labor Market. Sosyoekonomi. 24(28). 147-174.
  • Alcan, D., Can, R. ve Pektaş, B. (2015). Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Hareketlilik: Mikro Veriye Dayalı Analiz. Kalkınma Bakanlığı Ekonomi Çalışma Tebliğleri Serisi. No: 2015/1.
  • Arrow, K. J., Harris, T. and Marschak, J. (1951). Optimal Inventory Policy. Econometrica. 19(3). 250-272.
  • Bahçe, S. A. K. ve Memiş, E. (2014a). The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Joblessness in Turkey. The Economic and Labour Relations Review. 25(1). 130-153.
  • Bahçe, S. A. K. ve Memiş, E. (2014b). The Uncounted Who Wish to Work-Distinct to the Unemployed or Similar? Sosyoekonomi. 21(1). 305-333.
  • Balkan, B., Başkaya, Y. S. ve Tümen S. (2014). Evaluating the Impact of the Post-2008 Employment Subsidy Program in Turkey. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası Working Paper. No: 14/14.
  • Becker, G. S. (1965). A Theory of the Allocation of Time. The Economic Journal. 75(299). 493-517.
  • Bernabe, S. ve Stampini, M. (2009). Labour Mobility During Transition Evidence from Georgia. Economics of Transition. 17(2). 377-409.
  • Bosch, M. ve Maloney, W. F. (2010). Comparative Analysis of Labor Market Dynamics Using Markov Processes: An Application to Informality. Labour Economics. 17.621-631.
  • Calderon-Madrid, A. (2000). Job Stability and Labor Mobility in Urban Mexico: A Study Based on Duration Models and Transition Analysis. Inter-American Development Bank Research Network Working Paper. No: R-419.
  • Canavire-Bacarreza, G. J. ve Soria, L. F. L. (2007). Unemployment Duration and Labor Mobility in Argentina: A Socioeconomic-Based Pre- and Post-Crisis Analysis. CEDLAS Working Papers. No: 54.
  • Christodoulakis, G. A. ve Mamatzakis, E. C. (2010). Labour Market Dynamics in Greek Regions: A Bayesian Markov Chain Approach Using Proportions Data. Review of Economic Analysis. 2. 32-45.
  • Cilasun, S. M., Acar, E. Ö. ve Gunalp, B. (2015). The Effects of Labor Market Reforms on the Labor Market Dynamics in Turkey. MPRA Paper. No: 64767.
  • Cuesta, J. ve Bohorquez, C. (2011). Labor Market Transitions and Social Security in Colombia. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. No: 5650.
  • Diggle, P. J., Heagerty, P., Liang, K. Y. ve Zeger, S. L. (2002). Analysis of Longitudinal Data, Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Duryea, S., Marquez, G., Pages, C., ve Scarpetta, S. (2006). For Better or for Worse? Job and Earnings Mobility in Nine Middle- and Low-Income Countries. Brookings Trade Forum. 2006. 187-209.
  • Ehrenberg, R. G. ve Smith, R. S. (2012). Modern Labor Economics Theory and Public Policy. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Fabrizi, E. ve Mussida, C. (2009). The Determinants of Labour Market Transitions. Giornale degli Economisti e Annali di Economia. 68(2). 233-265.
  • Frees, E. W. (2004). Longitudinal and Panel Data: Analysis and Applications in the Social Sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gong, X., Soest, A. V. ve Villagomez, E. (2004). Mobility in the Urban Labor Market: A Panel Data Analysis for Mexico. Economic Development and Cultural Change. 53(1). 1-36.
  • Gündoğan, N., Biçerli, M. K., Lordoğlu, K. ve Özkaplan, N. (2013). Çalışma Ekonomisi I. Eskişehir, Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Hausman, J. A. ve McFadden, D. (1984). Specification Tests for the Multinomial Logit Model. Econometrica. 52(5). 1219-1240.
  • İkizler, H. ve Tunalı, İ. (2012). Agricultural Transformation and Labor Mobility During the ARIP Period in Turkey: Evidence from Micro-Data, 2000-2002. Economic Research Forum Working Paper Series. No: 706.
  • Jones, D. C. ve Kato, T. (1997). The Nature and the Determinants of Labor Market Transitions in Former Communist Economies: Evidence from Bulgaria. Industrial Relations. 36(2). 229-254.
  • Krstic, G. ve Sanfey, P. (2007). Mobility, Poverty and Well-Being Among the Informally Employed in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Economic Systems. 31. 311-335.
  • Lauerova, J. S. ve Terrell, K. (2002). Explaining Gender Differences in Unemployment with Micro Data on Flows in Post-Communist Economies. William Davidson Working Paper. No: 506.
  • Lehmann, H. ve Pignatti, N. (2007). Informal Employment Relationships and Labor Market Segmentation in Transition Economies: Evidence from Ukraine. IZA Discussion Paper. No: 3269.
  • Lima, V. O. ve Paredes, R. D. (2007). The Dynamics of the Labor Markets in Chile. Estudios de Economia. 34(2). 163-183.
  • Long, J. S. ve Freese, J. (2001). Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata. United States of America: Stata Press.
  • Maloney, W. F. (1999). Does Informality Imply Segmentation in Urban Labor Markets? Evidence from Sectoral Transitions in Mexico. The World Bank Economic Review. 13(2). 275-302.
  • Nilsen, Q. A., Risa, A. E. ve Torstensen, A. (2000). Transitions from Employment among Young Norwegian Workers. Journal of Population Economics. 13(1). 21-34.
  • Pages, C. ve Stampini, M. (2009). No Education, No Good Jobs? Evidence on the Relationship Between Education and Labor Market Segmentation. Journal of Comparative Economics. 37(3). 387-401.
  • Rust, J. (1994). Structural Estimation of Markov Decision Processes. Handbook of Econometrics. Volume IV. (3081-3143). Editör Robert F. Engle and Daniel L. McFadden. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Small, K. A. and Hsiao, C. (1985). Multinomial Logit Specification Tests. International Economic Review. 26(3). 619-627.
  • Sorm, V. ve Terrell, K. (2000). Sectoral Restructing and Labor Mobility: A Comparative Look at the Czech Republic. IZA Discussion Paper. No: 111.
  • Tansel, A. ve Kan, E. Ö. (2012). Labor Mobility Across the Formal/Informal Divide in Turkey: Evidence from Individual Level Data. ERC Working Papers in Economics. No:12/01.
  • Taşçı, H. M. ve Tansel, A. (2005a). Unemployment and Transitions in the Turkish Labor Market: Evidence from Individual Level Data. IZA Discussion Paper. No: 1663.
  • Taşçı, H. M. ve Tansel, A. (2005b). Youth Unemployment Duration in Turkey. METU Studies in Development. 32. 517-545.
  • Tiongson, E. R. ve Yemtsov, R. (2008). Bosnia and Herzegovina 2001-2004: Enterprise Restructuring, Labor Market Transitions and Poverty. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. No: 4479.
  • TÜİK. (2007). İşgücü, İstihdam ve İşsizlik İstatistikleri - Sorularla Resmi İstatistikler Dizisi - I. Ankara: TÜİK Matbaası.
  • TÜİK. (2014). Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketinde Yapılan Yeni Düzenlemelere İlişkin Açıklamalar. [http://www.tuik.gov.tr/MicroVeri/Hia_2014/turkce/downloads/aciklamalar.pdf]. (Erişim: 07.01.2017).
  • Uysal, G. (2013). Kadın İstihdamına Verilen Teşvikler İşe Yarıyor. Betam Araştırma Notu. No: 13/151.
  • Voicu, A. (2005). Employment Dynamics in the Romanian Labor Market. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Approach. Journal of Comparative Economics. 33(2005). 604-639.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Canan Güneş 0000-0001-9895-7748

Publication Date December 19, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Güneş, C. (2019). İşgücü Piyasası Durumları Arasındaki Geçişlerin Markov Modelleri ile İncelenmesi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 9(2), 335-360. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.658696