Rusya’nın Deniz Hukuku Bağlamında Azak Denizi ve Kerç Boğazı’nda Ukrayna’ya Karşı Uluslararası Hukuk İhlalleri

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 691 - 712, 30.12.2022

Firdes Şeyda Kahraman

https://doi.org/10.56701/shd.1111849

Abstract

Rusya Federasyonu ve Ukrayna arasında Kerç Boğazı’ndan gemilerin geçişinin ve Azak Denizi’nin hukuki statüsünün düzenlediği 2003 tarihli Azak Denizi ve Kerç Boğazı’nın Kullanımına İlişkin İşbirliği Antlaşması mevcuttur. Ukrayna’ya ait Kırım’ın Rusya Federasyonu tarafından ilhak edilmesinin ardından 2018 yılında Kerç Boğazı’ndan geçişe ilişkin Rusya ve Ukrayna arasında bir olay meydana gelmiştir. Söz konusu olayda Rusya Federasyonu Kırım’ı çevreleyen deniz alanının Rusya’nın karasularını oluşturduğunu, 2003 tarihli İşbirliği Antlaşması’nı tek taraflı olarak uygulamaması ve Ukrayna’ya ait savaş gemilerine el koyması uyuşmazlık konularını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada belirtilen ihlaller, Rusya Federasyonu ve Ukrayna arasındaki uyuşmazlığın barış döneminde gerçekleştiği kabulü bağlamında incelenmiştir. Kerç Boğazı krizi deniz hukuku kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Deniz hukukuna ilişkin hukuk kurallarının uygulanması gerektiği ve bu kapsamda Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya ait savaş gemilerinin yargı bağışıklığına sahip olduğuna ve Rusya’nın eylemlerinin deniz hukukuna ilişkin kuralları ihlal ettiği belirtilmektedir.

Keywords

Azak Denizi, Kerç Boğazı, Uluslararası hukuk, Deniz hukuku, Uyuşmazlık

Thanks

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Russia’s Violations of International Law against Ukraine in The Sea of Azov and The Kerch Strait in the Context of the Law of The Sea

Abstract

There is an Agreement between the Russian Federation and Ukraine on Cooperation in the Use of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait in 2003, regulating the navigation of ships through the Kerch Strait and the legal status of the Sea of Azov. An incident occurred between Russia and Ukraine regarding the navigation through the Kerch Strait after the the Crimea which is belonging to Ukraine was annexed by the Russian Federation. In this case, the Russian Federation’s territorial area surrounding Crimea constitutes Russian territorial waters, the failure to unilaterally implement the 2003 Co-operation Agreement and to seize Ukrainian military vessels and to take ships to Russia’s port are the subjects of dispute. The violations set out in this study were examined in the context of that the conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine took place in peacetime. The Kerch Strait crisis has been evaluated under the law of the sea. It is stated that the rules of law regarding the law of the sea should be applied, and in this context, warships belonging to Ukraine have immunity from jurisdiction and Russia’s actions violate the rules of the law of the sea.

Keywords

Sea of Azov, Kerch Strait, International law, Law of the sea, Dispute

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