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Pektoralis Minör Kas Kısalığının Skapular Diskinezi ve Boyun Eklem Hareketi ile İlişkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 27 - 33, 29.09.2025

Abstract

Amaç: Pektoralis minör kasının (PMm) kısalığı, skapulanın dinlenme pozisyonunu ve hareket paternlerini değiştirerek skapular diskinezinin gelişiminde etkili olabilir. PMm’nin skapulotorasik sistem üzerindeki bu etkisinin, servikal bölge hareket açıklığıyla ilişkili olup olmadığı ise sınırlı sayıda çalışmada incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, PMm kısalığının skapular diskinezi (SD) ve boyun eklem hareket açıklığı (EHA) ile olan ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya, kronik omuz ve/veya boyun ağrısı şikâyetiyle fizik tedavi polikliniğine başvuran 46 gönüllü birey (34 kadın, 12 erkek) dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara skapular repozisyon ve yardım testleri, lateral skapular kayma testi, servikal eklem hareket açıklığı ölçümleri ve pektoralis minör kas uzunluğu değerlendirmesi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, PMm kısalığı ile SD ve EHA arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymak üzere analiz edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Katılımcıların %73,9’unda skapular repozisyon testi ve %80,4’ünde skapular yardım testi pozitif bulunmuştur. PMm uzunluğu ortalaması 9,76±2,56 cm olarak ölçülmüştür. Servikal rotasyon değerleri ortalama 53° üzerinde olup, lateral fleksiyon ve fleksiyon değerleri görece düşük bulunmuştur. Analizler, PMm kısalığı ile hem SD hem de servikal hareket açıklıkları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olabileceğini göstermiştir (p<0,05).
Tartışma: PMm kısalığı, skapular diskinezinin oluşumuna ve servikotorasik mobilitenin sınırlanmasına katkıda bulunan önemli bir biyomekanik faktör olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Skapular ve servikal bölge arasındaki fonksiyonel bağlantılar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, PMm uzunluğunun klinik değerlendirme sürecine dahil edilmesi; postüral kontrol, ağrı yönetimi ve rehabilitasyon planlamasında anlamlı katkılar sağlayabilir.

Ethical Statement

Çalışmanın etik onayı Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Etik Kurulunda 25.09.2024 tarihli 21/07 sayılı kurul kararı ile alındı.

References

  • Bond, C. (2016). The relationship between clinical measures of scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis minor muscle length: An exploratory, cross-sectional study. https://researchbank.ac.nz/handle/10652/3730
  • Cools, A. M. J., Struyf, F., De Mey, K., Maenhout, A., Castelein, B., & Cagnie, B. (2014). Rehabilitation of scapular dyskinesis: From the office worker to the elite overhead athlete. In British Journal of Sports Medicine (Vol. 48, Issue 8, pp. 692–697). BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092148
  • Eraslan, L., Yar, O., Ergen, B., Huri, G., & Düzgün, İ. (2021a). Subakromiyal ağrı sendromunda yumuşak doku esnekliği ile akromiyohumeral mesafe arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 8(3), 270–278. https://doi.org/10.15437/jetr.803570
  • Eraslan, L., Yar, O., Ergen, B., Huri, G., & Düzgün, İ. (2021b). Subakromiyal ağrı sendromunda yumuşak doku esnekliği ile akromiyohumeral mesafe arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 8(3), 270–278. https://doi.org/10.15437/jetr.803570
  • Güler, M. A., Nacır, B., Duyur Çakıt, B., Genç, H., & Karagöz, A. (2022a). Association Between Forward Head Posture and Scapular Dyskinesis in Patients with Non-Specific Chronic Neck Pain. Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(3), 279–285. https://doi.org/10.31609/jpmrs.2021-86922
  • Güler, M. A., Nacır, B., Duyur Çakıt, B., Genç, H., & Karagöz, A. (2022b). Association Between Forward Head Posture and Scapular Dyskinesis in Patients with Non-Specific Chronic Neck Pain. Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(3), 279–285. https://doi.org/10.31609/jpmrs.2021-86922
  • Otman, A. D. H. S. A. (2019). Güncellenmiş 11. Baskı Tedavi Hareketlerinde Temel Değerlendirme Prensipleri. www.hipokratkitabevi.com
  • Kibler, W. Ben. (1998). The Role of the Scapula in Athletic Shoulder Function The Roles Of The Scapula In Overhead Throwıng And Servıng Actıvıtıes. In The Amerıcan Journal Of Sports Medıcıne (Vol. 26, Issue 2).
  • Kibler, W. B., & Sciascia, A. (2016). The Shoulder at Risk: Scapular Dyskinesis and Altered Glenohumeral Rotation. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine, 24(3), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2016.04.003
  • Levangie, P. K., & Norkin, C. C. (2011). Joint structure and function A comprehensive analysis (5th ed.). F.A. Davis Company. (n.d.).
  • Morais, N., & Cruz, J. (2016a). The pectoralis minor muscle and shoulder movement-related impairments and pain: Rationale, assessment and management. In Physical Therapy in Sport (Vol. 17, pp. 1–13). Churchill Livingstone. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.10.003
  • Morais, N., & Cruz, J. (2016b). The pectoralis minor muscle and shoulder movement-related impairments and pain: Rationale, assessment and management. In Physical Therapy in Sport (Vol. 17, pp. 1–13). Churchill Livingstone. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.10.003
  • Prakash, N., Harikesavan, K., & Cleland, J. (2024). Effects of Scapular Interventions on Pain and Disability in Subjects with Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. In Spine Surgery and Related Research (Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 1–9). Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research. https://doi.org/10.22603/ssrr.2022-0237
  • Sağlam, G., & Telli, H. (2022). The prevalence of scapular dyskinesia in patients with back, neck, and shoulder pain and the effect of this combination on pain and muscle shortness. Agri, 34(2), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.14744/agri.2022.87059
  • Sciascia, A., & Kibler, W. Ben. (2022). Current Views of Scapular Dyskinesis and its Possible Clinical Relevance. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 17(2), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.31727
  • Seven, G. Ç., Zorlular, A., Keklik, S. S., Akaras, E., Gökdoğan, Ç., Polat, E. A., Kafa, N., & Güzel, N. A. (2017a). The relationship between pectoralis minor length, scapular muscle endurance and core endurance in athletes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 5(2_suppl2), 2325967117S0006. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00064
  • Seven, G. Ç., Zorlular, A., Keklik, S. S., Akaras, E., Gökdoğan, Ç., Polat, E. A., Kafa, N., & Güzel, N. A. (2017b). The relationship between pectoralis minor length, scapular muscle endurance and core endurance in athletes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 5(2_suppl2), 2325967117S0006. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00064
  • Wegner, S., Jull, G., O’Leary, S., & Johnston, V. (2010). The effect of a scapular postural correction strategy on trapezius activity in patients with neck pain. Manual Therapy, 15(6), 562–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.06.006

The Relationship Between Pectoralis Minor Muscle Shortness, Scapular Dyskinesis, and Cervical Joint Mobility

Year 2025, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 27 - 33, 29.09.2025

Abstract

Purpose: Shortening of the pectoralis minor (PMm) muscle can alter the resting position and movement patterns of the scapula, potentially contributing to the development of scapular dyskinesis (SD). While the biomechanical impact of PMm on the scapulothoracic system has been widely discussed, its relationship with cervical joint range of motion (ROM) remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PMm shortening, scapular dyskinesis, and cervical joint ROM.
Methods: A total of 46 volunteers (34 females, 12 males) with chronic shoulder and/or neck pain were recruited from a physical therapy outpatient clinic. Participants underwent scapular reposition and assistance tests, lateral scapular slide tests, cervical ROM measurements, and pectoralis minor muscle length assessments. The data were analyzed to examine the potential associations between PMm length, SD, and cervical mobility.
Results: Scapular reposition and assistance tests were positive in 73.9% and 80.4% of participants, respectively. The mean PMm length was found to be 9.76±2.56 cm. While cervical rotation angles were above 53° on average, flexion and lateral flexion values were relatively lower. The findings suggest a significant relationship between shortened PMm and both SD and limited cervical ROM (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Adaptive shortening of the pectoralis minor appears to be a key biomechanical factor contributing to scapular dyskinesis and reduced cervicothoracic mobility. Considering the functional interdependence between the scapular and cervical regions, assessment of PMm length may offer valuable clinical insights for postural correction, pain management, and rehabilitation planning.

References

  • Bond, C. (2016). The relationship between clinical measures of scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis minor muscle length: An exploratory, cross-sectional study. https://researchbank.ac.nz/handle/10652/3730
  • Cools, A. M. J., Struyf, F., De Mey, K., Maenhout, A., Castelein, B., & Cagnie, B. (2014). Rehabilitation of scapular dyskinesis: From the office worker to the elite overhead athlete. In British Journal of Sports Medicine (Vol. 48, Issue 8, pp. 692–697). BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092148
  • Eraslan, L., Yar, O., Ergen, B., Huri, G., & Düzgün, İ. (2021a). Subakromiyal ağrı sendromunda yumuşak doku esnekliği ile akromiyohumeral mesafe arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 8(3), 270–278. https://doi.org/10.15437/jetr.803570
  • Eraslan, L., Yar, O., Ergen, B., Huri, G., & Düzgün, İ. (2021b). Subakromiyal ağrı sendromunda yumuşak doku esnekliği ile akromiyohumeral mesafe arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 8(3), 270–278. https://doi.org/10.15437/jetr.803570
  • Güler, M. A., Nacır, B., Duyur Çakıt, B., Genç, H., & Karagöz, A. (2022a). Association Between Forward Head Posture and Scapular Dyskinesis in Patients with Non-Specific Chronic Neck Pain. Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(3), 279–285. https://doi.org/10.31609/jpmrs.2021-86922
  • Güler, M. A., Nacır, B., Duyur Çakıt, B., Genç, H., & Karagöz, A. (2022b). Association Between Forward Head Posture and Scapular Dyskinesis in Patients with Non-Specific Chronic Neck Pain. Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(3), 279–285. https://doi.org/10.31609/jpmrs.2021-86922
  • Otman, A. D. H. S. A. (2019). Güncellenmiş 11. Baskı Tedavi Hareketlerinde Temel Değerlendirme Prensipleri. www.hipokratkitabevi.com
  • Kibler, W. Ben. (1998). The Role of the Scapula in Athletic Shoulder Function The Roles Of The Scapula In Overhead Throwıng And Servıng Actıvıtıes. In The Amerıcan Journal Of Sports Medıcıne (Vol. 26, Issue 2).
  • Kibler, W. B., & Sciascia, A. (2016). The Shoulder at Risk: Scapular Dyskinesis and Altered Glenohumeral Rotation. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine, 24(3), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2016.04.003
  • Levangie, P. K., & Norkin, C. C. (2011). Joint structure and function A comprehensive analysis (5th ed.). F.A. Davis Company. (n.d.).
  • Morais, N., & Cruz, J. (2016a). The pectoralis minor muscle and shoulder movement-related impairments and pain: Rationale, assessment and management. In Physical Therapy in Sport (Vol. 17, pp. 1–13). Churchill Livingstone. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.10.003
  • Morais, N., & Cruz, J. (2016b). The pectoralis minor muscle and shoulder movement-related impairments and pain: Rationale, assessment and management. In Physical Therapy in Sport (Vol. 17, pp. 1–13). Churchill Livingstone. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.10.003
  • Prakash, N., Harikesavan, K., & Cleland, J. (2024). Effects of Scapular Interventions on Pain and Disability in Subjects with Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. In Spine Surgery and Related Research (Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 1–9). Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research. https://doi.org/10.22603/ssrr.2022-0237
  • Sağlam, G., & Telli, H. (2022). The prevalence of scapular dyskinesia in patients with back, neck, and shoulder pain and the effect of this combination on pain and muscle shortness. Agri, 34(2), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.14744/agri.2022.87059
  • Sciascia, A., & Kibler, W. Ben. (2022). Current Views of Scapular Dyskinesis and its Possible Clinical Relevance. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 17(2), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.31727
  • Seven, G. Ç., Zorlular, A., Keklik, S. S., Akaras, E., Gökdoğan, Ç., Polat, E. A., Kafa, N., & Güzel, N. A. (2017a). The relationship between pectoralis minor length, scapular muscle endurance and core endurance in athletes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 5(2_suppl2), 2325967117S0006. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00064
  • Seven, G. Ç., Zorlular, A., Keklik, S. S., Akaras, E., Gökdoğan, Ç., Polat, E. A., Kafa, N., & Güzel, N. A. (2017b). The relationship between pectoralis minor length, scapular muscle endurance and core endurance in athletes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 5(2_suppl2), 2325967117S0006. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00064
  • Wegner, S., Jull, G., O’Leary, S., & Johnston, V. (2010). The effect of a scapular postural correction strategy on trapezius activity in patients with neck pain. Manual Therapy, 15(6), 562–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.06.006
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Physiotherapy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayça Aracı 0000-0002-1089-3370

Deniz Bulut 0000-0001-8156-7639

Emine Eda Kurt 0000-0003-1237-8580

Ayşe Ünal 0000-0003-0959-5664

Publication Date September 29, 2025
Submission Date May 13, 2025
Acceptance Date August 1, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aracı, A., Bulut, D., Kurt, E. E., Ünal, A. (2025). Pektoralis Minör Kas Kısalığının Skapular Diskinezi ve Boyun Eklem Hareketi ile İlişkisi. Syedra Sağlık Dergisi, 2(1), 27-33.