Spinal Kord Yaralanması Olan Bireylere Bakım Veren Aile Bireylerinin Bakım Yükleri ve Bakım İle İlgili Bilgi Durumlarının Belirlenmesi
Year 2025,
Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 24 - 36, 26.11.2025
Güllü Çakmak
,
Serdar Sarıtaş Sarıtaş
Abstract
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı spinal kord yaralanması olan bireylere bakım veren aile bireylerinin bakım yükleri ve bakım ile ilgili bilgi durumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırma, tanımlayıcı türde yapılmıştır. Aralık 2012-Şubat 2015 tarihleri arasında Fırat Üniversitesi Hastanesi Beyin Cerrahi Kliniği’nde spinal kord yaralanması nedeni ile yatan bireylere bakım veren aile bireyleri oluşturmuştur. Örneklemini ise; bu bireyler arasından iletişim kurulabilen, 18 yaşından büyük ve güç analizi ile 93 olarak belirlenmiş sayıya ulaşıncaya kadar seçilen aile bireyleri oluşturmuştur. Veri toplamada hasta tanıtım formu, bakım veren aile bireyleri tanıtım formu, bakım veren aile bireylerinin bakımla ilgili bilgi formu ve Zarit Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği (ZBVYÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için gereken etik izinler alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Hastaların tanıtıcı özellikleri ile bakım veren aile bireylerinin ölçek puan ortalamaları karşılaştırılmasında; yaş ve gelir durumunda gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark bulunmuştur. Bakım veren aile bireylerinin tanıtıcı özellikleri ile ölçek puan ortalamaları karşılaştırılmasında ise; yaş ve bakım verme süresi ile gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark bulunmuştur. Aile bireylerinin ZBVYÖ puan ortalaması 22.76±11.6 olarak bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Türkiye’de, spinal kord yaralanması olan bireyler ve onlara bakım verenler üzerine yapılan çalışmaların sınırlı olması nedeniyle, bu alanda daha fazla araştırmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.
References
-
References
Alizadeh, A., Dyck, S. M., & Karimi-Abdolrezaee, S. (2019). Traumatic spinal cord injury: An overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 282. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00282.
-
Beach, S. R., Schulz, R., Donovan, H., & Rosland, A. M. (2021). Family caregiving during the COVID-19 pandemic. The gerontologist, 61(5), 650-660. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnab049.
-
Boonsin, S., Deenan, A., & Wacharasin, C. (2021). Factors influencing the burden of family caregiving for survivors of stroke. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 25(1), 102-113. https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/241328.
-
Chaghazardi, M., Janatolmakan, M., Rezaeian, S., & Khatony, A. (2022). Care burden and associated factors in caregivers of children with cancer. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 48(1), 48-92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-022-01291-w.
-
Conti, A., Ricceri, F., Scivoletto, G., Clari, M., & Campagna, S. (2021). Is caregiver quality of life predicted by their perceived burden? A cross-sectional study of family caregivers of people with spinal cord injuries. Spinal Cord, 59(2), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-020-0528-1
-
Costa, L. S. A. D., & Santos, C. R. I. D. (2025). Challenges faced by the Family Health Team in caring for older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 28, e240137. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562025028.240137
-
Çalışır Bacı, M., & Gökler, R. (2019). Spinal kord (omurilik) yaralanmalı hastaların algıladıkları sosyal destek ve stresle baş etme durumlarının incelenmesi. Journal of International Social Research, 12(65). http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2019.3511
-
Ediz, L., & Erden, M. (2011). Spinal kord yaralanmalarında genitoüriner sistem. Türkiye Klinikleri Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 4(2), 78–83.
-
Ersin, F., Dinçer, S., & Koyuncu, A. A. (2023). Engelli çocuğa evde bakım verenlerin bakım verme yükleri ve sosyal destek algıları arasındaki ilişki: Bakım verenlerin bakım yükü ve sosyal destek algısı. Göbeklitepe Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(13). https://doi.org/10.55433/gsbd/193.
-
Farajzadeh, A., Akbarfahimi, M., Maroufizadeh, S., & Miri Lavasani, N. (2021). Factors associated with quality of life among caregivers of people with spinal cord injury. Occupational Therapy International, 2021(1), 992-1110. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9921710.
-
Güneş, G., & Şımşek, I. (2024). Spinal kord yaralanmasında yeni nöroteknolojiler. Türk Nöroşirürji Dergisi, 34(3), 127–131. https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5157.TND.3347.
-
İnci, F. H. (2006). Bakım verme yükü ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması, geçerlilik ve güvenirliği [Yüksek lisans tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi]. Denizli.
-
Jeyathevan, G., Catharine Craven, B., Cameron, J. I., & Jaglal, S. B. (2020). Facilitators and barriers to supporting individuals with spinal cord injury in the community: experiences of family caregivers and care recipients. Disability and rehabilitation, 42(13), 1844-1854. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2018.1541102.
-
Karakurt, P., Ünsal, A., & Tanrıverdi, D. (2018). Evaluation of care burden and quality of life of caregivers of patients with stroke. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 11(1), 529–535.
-
Karimollahi, M., Abazari, M., Tazakori, Z., & Ramazanzadeh, N. (2022). Caregiving burden and social support in family caregivers of patients with cancer: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Care Coordination, 25(4), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/20534345221121067
-
Kavga, A., Kalemikerakis, I., Faros, A., Milaka, M., Tsekoura, D., Skoulatou, M., & Govina, O. (2021). The effects of patients’ and caregivers’ characteristics on the burden of families caring for stroke survivors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147298
-
Kazemi, A., Azimian, J., Mafi, M., Allen, K. A., & Motalebi, S. A. (2021). Caregiver burden and coping strategies in caregivers of older patients with stroke. BMC Psychology, 9, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00556-z.
-
Khazaeipour, Z., Rezaei-Motlagh, F., Ahmadipour, E., Azarnia-Ghavam, M., Mirzababaei, A., Salimi, N., & Salehi-Nejad, A. (2017). Burden of care in primary caregivers of individuals with spinal cord injury in Iran: its association with sociodemographic factors. Spinal Cord, 55(6), 595-600. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2016.195.
-
Köseoğlu, E., & Karataş, G. K. (2011). Omurilik yaralanmasında otonomik disrefleksi. Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, 14, 57–62.
-
Lahoz, R., Proudfoot, C., Fonseca, A. F., Loefroth, E., Corda, S., Jackson, J., ... & Studer, R. (2021). Caregivers of patients with heart failure: Burden and the determinants of health-related quality of life. Patient Preference and Adherence, 15, 1153–1164. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S297816.
-
McGrath, M., Low, M. A., Power, E., McCluskey, A., & Lever, S. (2021). Addressing sexuality among people living with chronic disease and disability: A systematic mixed methods review of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health care professionals. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 102(5), 999–1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.09.379.
-
Owokuhaisa, J., Kamoga, R., Musinguzi, P., Muwanguzi, M., Natukunda, S., Mubangizi, V., ... & Rukundo, G. Z. (2023). Burden of care and coping strategies among informal caregivers of people with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in rural south-western Uganda. BMC geriatrics, 23(1), 475-485. (2023) 23:475 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04129-0.
-
Patek, M., & Stewart, M. (2023). Spinal cord injury. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 24(7), 406-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2023.04.006.
-
Phillips, R., Durkin, M., Engward, H., Cable, G., & Iancu, M. (2023). The impact of caring for family members with mental illnesses on the caregiver: a scoping review. Health promotion international, 38(3), 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac049.
-
Scholten, E. W., Kieftenbelt, A., Hillebregt, C. F., De Groot, S., Ketelaar, M., Visser-Meily, J. M., & Post, M. W. (2018). Provided support, caregiver burden and well-being in partners of persons with spinal cord injury 5 years after discharge from first inpatient rehabilitation. Spinal Cord, 56(5), 436–446. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-017-0047-x.
-
Secinti, E., Yavuz, H. M., & Selçuk, B. (2017). Feelings of burden among family caregivers of people with spinal cord injury in Turkey. Spinal cord, 55(8), 782-787. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2017.6.
-
Sousa, S. S., Andrade, M. J., Fernandes, C. S., Barbeiro, S. R., Teixeira, V. T., Pereira, R. S., & Martins, M. M. (2023). Healthcare experience of people with acute spinal cord injury: A phenomenological study. Nursing Reports, 13(4), 1671–1683. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep13040138.
-
Waweru, C. W. (2023). The burden of care among caregivers of family members who suffered spinal cord injury in the National Spinal Injury Referral Hospital [Doktora tezi, University of Nairobi].
-
Xu, Q., Ge, Q., Shi, L., Zhang, Y., & Ma, J. (2024). Assessing the mediating role of family resilience between caregiver burden and caregiver capacity: a cross-sectional study among Chinese stroke survivors and family caregivers in a real-world setting. BMJ open, 14(5), 106-183. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083106.
-
Zhang, N., Tian, Z., Liu, X., Yu, X., & Wang, L. (2024). Burden, coping and resilience among caregivers for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An integrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 33(4), 1346–1361. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16954.
Determining The Care Burden and Care-Related Knowledge Status of Family Members Providing Care to Individuals with Spinal Cord Injuries
Year 2025,
Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 24 - 36, 26.11.2025
Güllü Çakmak
,
Serdar Sarıtaş Sarıtaş
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the caregiving burden and the knowledge about care among family members caring for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Method: This descriptive study was conducted with family members caring for individuals hospitalized in the Neurosurgery Clinic of Fırat University Hospital between December 2012 and February 2015 due to SCI. The sample included family members who were older than 18 years, could be reached for participation, and were selected using power analysis until the target sample size of 93 was met. Data were collected using a patient information form, a caregiver family member information form, and the Zarit Caregiving Burden Scale (ZBI). Ethical approvals were obtained prior to conducting the study.
Results: A comparison of the patients' descriptive characteristics with the mean ZBI scores of their caregivers showed a statistically significant difference in terms of patient age and income. Similarly, among the family caregivers, a significant difference was found based on caregiver age and the duration of caregiving. The mean score for caregiver burden was found to be 22.76±11.6.
Conclusion: Given the limited number of studies in Turkey focused on individuals with SCI and their caregivers, further research is recommended in this area to better understand caregiving challenges.
Ethical Statement
Bu çalışma, ilgili kurumun etik kurulundan gerekli onay alınarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılan tüm bireylere çalışmanın amacı açıklanmış, katılımın gönüllülük esasına dayandığı belirtilmiş ve yazılı onamları alınmıştır. Katılımcıların mahremiyetine saygı gösterilmiş, elde edilen veriler gizlilik ilkesi çerçevesinde yalnızca bilimsel amaçlarla kullanılmıştır.
Supporting Institution
Bu araştırma Herhangi bir kurum tarafından desteklenmemiştir.
Thanks
Bu çalışmanın yayımlanmasında katkı sunan değerli editörlere ve hakemlere bilimsel değerlendirme süreçlerindeki titiz ve yapıcı geri bildirimleri için teşekkür ederiz. Katkılarınız, çalışmanın bilimsel niteliğinin geliştirilmesine önemli ölçüde katkı sağlayacaktır.
References
-
References
Alizadeh, A., Dyck, S. M., & Karimi-Abdolrezaee, S. (2019). Traumatic spinal cord injury: An overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 282. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00282.
-
Beach, S. R., Schulz, R., Donovan, H., & Rosland, A. M. (2021). Family caregiving during the COVID-19 pandemic. The gerontologist, 61(5), 650-660. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnab049.
-
Boonsin, S., Deenan, A., & Wacharasin, C. (2021). Factors influencing the burden of family caregiving for survivors of stroke. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 25(1), 102-113. https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/241328.
-
Chaghazardi, M., Janatolmakan, M., Rezaeian, S., & Khatony, A. (2022). Care burden and associated factors in caregivers of children with cancer. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 48(1), 48-92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-022-01291-w.
-
Conti, A., Ricceri, F., Scivoletto, G., Clari, M., & Campagna, S. (2021). Is caregiver quality of life predicted by their perceived burden? A cross-sectional study of family caregivers of people with spinal cord injuries. Spinal Cord, 59(2), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-020-0528-1
-
Costa, L. S. A. D., & Santos, C. R. I. D. (2025). Challenges faced by the Family Health Team in caring for older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 28, e240137. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562025028.240137
-
Çalışır Bacı, M., & Gökler, R. (2019). Spinal kord (omurilik) yaralanmalı hastaların algıladıkları sosyal destek ve stresle baş etme durumlarının incelenmesi. Journal of International Social Research, 12(65). http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2019.3511
-
Ediz, L., & Erden, M. (2011). Spinal kord yaralanmalarında genitoüriner sistem. Türkiye Klinikleri Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 4(2), 78–83.
-
Ersin, F., Dinçer, S., & Koyuncu, A. A. (2023). Engelli çocuğa evde bakım verenlerin bakım verme yükleri ve sosyal destek algıları arasındaki ilişki: Bakım verenlerin bakım yükü ve sosyal destek algısı. Göbeklitepe Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(13). https://doi.org/10.55433/gsbd/193.
-
Farajzadeh, A., Akbarfahimi, M., Maroufizadeh, S., & Miri Lavasani, N. (2021). Factors associated with quality of life among caregivers of people with spinal cord injury. Occupational Therapy International, 2021(1), 992-1110. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9921710.
-
Güneş, G., & Şımşek, I. (2024). Spinal kord yaralanmasında yeni nöroteknolojiler. Türk Nöroşirürji Dergisi, 34(3), 127–131. https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5157.TND.3347.
-
İnci, F. H. (2006). Bakım verme yükü ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması, geçerlilik ve güvenirliği [Yüksek lisans tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi]. Denizli.
-
Jeyathevan, G., Catharine Craven, B., Cameron, J. I., & Jaglal, S. B. (2020). Facilitators and barriers to supporting individuals with spinal cord injury in the community: experiences of family caregivers and care recipients. Disability and rehabilitation, 42(13), 1844-1854. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2018.1541102.
-
Karakurt, P., Ünsal, A., & Tanrıverdi, D. (2018). Evaluation of care burden and quality of life of caregivers of patients with stroke. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 11(1), 529–535.
-
Karimollahi, M., Abazari, M., Tazakori, Z., & Ramazanzadeh, N. (2022). Caregiving burden and social support in family caregivers of patients with cancer: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Care Coordination, 25(4), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/20534345221121067
-
Kavga, A., Kalemikerakis, I., Faros, A., Milaka, M., Tsekoura, D., Skoulatou, M., & Govina, O. (2021). The effects of patients’ and caregivers’ characteristics on the burden of families caring for stroke survivors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147298
-
Kazemi, A., Azimian, J., Mafi, M., Allen, K. A., & Motalebi, S. A. (2021). Caregiver burden and coping strategies in caregivers of older patients with stroke. BMC Psychology, 9, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00556-z.
-
Khazaeipour, Z., Rezaei-Motlagh, F., Ahmadipour, E., Azarnia-Ghavam, M., Mirzababaei, A., Salimi, N., & Salehi-Nejad, A. (2017). Burden of care in primary caregivers of individuals with spinal cord injury in Iran: its association with sociodemographic factors. Spinal Cord, 55(6), 595-600. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2016.195.
-
Köseoğlu, E., & Karataş, G. K. (2011). Omurilik yaralanmasında otonomik disrefleksi. Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, 14, 57–62.
-
Lahoz, R., Proudfoot, C., Fonseca, A. F., Loefroth, E., Corda, S., Jackson, J., ... & Studer, R. (2021). Caregivers of patients with heart failure: Burden and the determinants of health-related quality of life. Patient Preference and Adherence, 15, 1153–1164. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S297816.
-
McGrath, M., Low, M. A., Power, E., McCluskey, A., & Lever, S. (2021). Addressing sexuality among people living with chronic disease and disability: A systematic mixed methods review of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health care professionals. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 102(5), 999–1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.09.379.
-
Owokuhaisa, J., Kamoga, R., Musinguzi, P., Muwanguzi, M., Natukunda, S., Mubangizi, V., ... & Rukundo, G. Z. (2023). Burden of care and coping strategies among informal caregivers of people with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in rural south-western Uganda. BMC geriatrics, 23(1), 475-485. (2023) 23:475 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04129-0.
-
Patek, M., & Stewart, M. (2023). Spinal cord injury. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 24(7), 406-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2023.04.006.
-
Phillips, R., Durkin, M., Engward, H., Cable, G., & Iancu, M. (2023). The impact of caring for family members with mental illnesses on the caregiver: a scoping review. Health promotion international, 38(3), 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac049.
-
Scholten, E. W., Kieftenbelt, A., Hillebregt, C. F., De Groot, S., Ketelaar, M., Visser-Meily, J. M., & Post, M. W. (2018). Provided support, caregiver burden and well-being in partners of persons with spinal cord injury 5 years after discharge from first inpatient rehabilitation. Spinal Cord, 56(5), 436–446. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-017-0047-x.
-
Secinti, E., Yavuz, H. M., & Selçuk, B. (2017). Feelings of burden among family caregivers of people with spinal cord injury in Turkey. Spinal cord, 55(8), 782-787. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2017.6.
-
Sousa, S. S., Andrade, M. J., Fernandes, C. S., Barbeiro, S. R., Teixeira, V. T., Pereira, R. S., & Martins, M. M. (2023). Healthcare experience of people with acute spinal cord injury: A phenomenological study. Nursing Reports, 13(4), 1671–1683. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep13040138.
-
Waweru, C. W. (2023). The burden of care among caregivers of family members who suffered spinal cord injury in the National Spinal Injury Referral Hospital [Doktora tezi, University of Nairobi].
-
Xu, Q., Ge, Q., Shi, L., Zhang, Y., & Ma, J. (2024). Assessing the mediating role of family resilience between caregiver burden and caregiver capacity: a cross-sectional study among Chinese stroke survivors and family caregivers in a real-world setting. BMJ open, 14(5), 106-183. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083106.
-
Zhang, N., Tian, Z., Liu, X., Yu, X., & Wang, L. (2024). Burden, coping and resilience among caregivers for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An integrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 33(4), 1346–1361. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16954.