Modern Dönem Şiîlik Eleştirileri Bağlamında Ahmed Kesrevî’nin Görüşleri ve Pâkdinîyân Hareketi

Ahmad Kasravi, one of important thinkers of Iran in the first half of the 20th cen-tury, is one of the scientists searched the solutions of the problems of that period he lived. He stepped into the political and social life with Constitutional Revolution and he witnessed the cases centered in Tabriz. Being a government official of him in different regions in Iran caused getting to know the society closely. His work includes different areas such as political, social, philology, religion, sect, culture, history and folkway. In addition, he started his activity with publishing magazines and newspapers and he wrote his works criticizing sectarian and religious issues. In particular, his research on Shiism, thoughts about the occurrence of this sect and sometimes his interrogator and judgmental statements about its view points targeted him. The Shia ulama reacted harshly against his criticism and declared him an infidel and apostate. In our research, Ahmad Kasravi’s life, works, religious, sectarian, political and social views will be discussed, The Pâkdînîyan movement that he leaded will be reviewed and the criticisms about him will be revealed using original sources.