Publication Ethics Principles

Publication Ethics can be defined as a self-regulatory mechanism that insists on honesty on behalf of authors, reviewers, and publishers to establish higher standards of editorial use. Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications, public trust in scientific findings, and respect for people's views.

• Honest researchers do not plagiarize.
• It does not show the wrong source.
• They do not hide objections that they cannot refute.
• They do not distort opposing views.
• They do not destroy or hide data.
Peer-reviewed studies are studies that support and apply the scientific method. In this respect, it is of great importance that all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers, researchers, publisher, referees, and editors) comply with ethical principles. The Journal of Turkish Shiite Studies adheres to national and international standards in research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works, and the Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive of Higher Education Institutions. It has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies, Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). ). It also undertakes to comply with the Decisions of the Editors' Workshop of Turkey.

Press Law (National Legislation) ( https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5187.pdf  )
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation) ( https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.3.5846.pdf )
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation) ( https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Kurumsal/mevzuat/bilimsel-arastirma-ve-etik-yonetmeligi.aspx  )
• Transparency and Best Practice in Academic Publishing (International Criteria) ( https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.12 )
• Turkey Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria) ( https://editorlercalistayi.com/  )

Rebroadcast

Republishing is the publication of the same article or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. The editor returns this type of article without review. After that, the editor may impose a certain period of embargo on the author attempting to republish. It may disclose this situation to the public in the journal in which the author has previously published (as a simultaneous announcement with the editor of the journal that published the previous article). The editor can apply all of these measures together.

Simultaneous submission of the same work to more than one journal

Authors cannot submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. The editor reserves the right to consult the other editor(s) receiving the article if it learns of possible simultaneous submission. In addition, the editor may return the article without review or reject it without considering the reviews, or take this decision by discussing it with the other relevant editor(s) and may decide not to accept article submissions from the authors for a certain period of time. It can also write to the author's employers or implement all of these measures together.

Plagiarism Prevention Control

To present the ideas, methods, data, practices, writings, figures, or works of others as if they are their own work, in whole or in part, without attribution in accordance with scientific rules.
Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies scans all submitted articles to prevent plagiarism. The studies submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using TURNITIN software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 20%. The main measure of similarity is that the author complies with the citation and citation rules. Even though the similarity rate is 1%, if the citation and citation are not duly made, plagiarism may still be in question. In this respect, citation and citation rules should be known and carefully applied by the author: www.isnadsistemi.org 
Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, slicing, copyright infringement, and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behaviors. All articles that do not comply with accepted ethical standards are removed from the publication. This includes articles with possible irregularities and inconsistencies detected after publication.

Forgery

To produce data that is not based on research, to edit or change the presented or published work on the basis of unrealistic data, to report or publish them, to make a research that has not been done appear as if it has been done. To falsify the research records and obtained data, to present the methods, devices, and materials not used in the research as if they were used, not to evaluate the data that are not suitable for the research hypothesis, to manipulate the data and/or results in order to fit the relevant theory or assumptions, to falsify or shape.
Protection of Participants' Personal Data
The Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or material relating to human participants that is not legally available to the public should be subject to formal ethical review.

Handling Allegations of Research Abuse

Scientific misconduct has different definitions. We address these issues on a case-by-case basis, while the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies follows the guidance created by major editorial ethics institutions. If the editor suspects an ethical violation or if there is an alleged violation, they are obliged to take action. This task covers both published and unpublished articles. The editor should not simply reject articles that raise concerns about potential abuse. Ethically, it is obliged to follow the alleged lawsuits. The editor should follow the COPE flowcharts where appropriate. Editors should first seek a response from anyone suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the answer, they should ask the relevant employers or institutions to investigate. The editor should use all reasonable efforts to ensure that an appropriate investigation into the alleged misconduct is carried out; if this does not happen, the editor should make all reasonable attempts to persist in finding a solution to the problem. This is an arduous but important task.

Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies adheres to COPE's Ethics Toolkit for Successful Editorial (https://publicationethics.org/files/cope-ethics-toolkit-journal-editors-publishers.pdf). The editors of the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies take precautions to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data tampering, data fabrication, and other research misconduct occurred. Under no circumstances do the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies or its editors knowingly allow such abuse to occur. If the editors of the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies are aware of any allegations of research misconduct regarding an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines will follow: (https://trdizin.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/TRDizin_etik_ilkeleri_akis_semasi.pdf ).

Ethical Violation Notices

When readers notice a major error or inaccuracy in an article published in the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies (ISSN 2687-1882), or have any complaints about editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.), they send an e-mail to turkishshiitestudies@gmail.com. You can notify us by sending an e-mail. We welcome applications as it will provide an opportunity for us to improve, and we respond quickly and constructively.
Correction, Withdrawal, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider issuing a correction if minor errors are detected in the published article that does not affect the findings, comments, and conclusions. Editors should consider retracting the article in cases of major errors or violations that invalidate the findings and conclusions.
If there is a possibility of misuse of research or publication by the authors; If there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions did not investigate the incident, or if the potential investigation seems unfair or inconclusive, editors should consider issuing a statement of concern. COPE and ICJME guidelines are taken into account with regard to the correction, withdrawal, or expression of concern.

Publication of Studies Based on Survey and Interview

Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies adopts the "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers" of the Publication Ethics Committee (COPE) in order to create ethical assurance in scientific periodicals. In this context, the following points should be followed in the studies submitted to the journal:
1) For research conducted in all branches of science that requires ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval should be obtained, this approval should be stated and documented in the article.
2) In studies that require ethics committee permission, information about the consent (name of the committee, date, and number) should be included in the method section, as well as in the case reports on one of the first/last pages of the article, information that the informed consent/consent form was signed in the article.
Special Issue Publishing Policy
A special issue can be published in our journal once a year upon the request of the Editorial Board. Articles sent for inclusion in a special issue are first subjected to editorial review. Then it is examined in terms of compliance with the writing rules of the journal and similarity is scanned to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, it is taken into the peer review process in which the double-blind model is used.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation

The editors of the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies treat all submitted manuscripts as confidential documents and this means that they will not disclose information about a manuscript to anyone without the permission of the authors. During the article review process, Editors, Reviewers, and Editorial Board Members can access the articles. The only situation in which details about a manuscript may be passed on to a third party without the consent of the authors is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Allegations-Suspects of Scientific Misconduct

Scientific misconduct has different definitions. We address these issues on a case-by-case basis as we follow the guidance created by major editorial ethics institutions in the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies. If the editor suspects an ethical violation or if there is an alleged violation, they are obliged to take action. This task covers both published and unpublished articles. The editor should not simply reject articles that raise concerns about potential abuse. Ethically, it is obliged to follow the alleged lawsuits. The editor should follow the COPE flowcharts where appropriate. Editors should first seek a response from anyone suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the answer, they should ask the relevant employers or institutions to investigate. The editor should use all reasonable efforts to ensure that an appropriate investigation into the alleged misconduct is carried out. If this does not happen, the editor should make all reasonable attempts to persist in finding a solution to the problem. This is an arduous but important task.

Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies conforms to COPE's Ethics Toolkit for Successful Editorial (https://publicationethics.org/files/cope-ethics-toolkit-journal-editors-publishers.pdf )
The editors of the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies will take precautions to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data tampering, data fabrication, and other research misconduct occurred. Under no circumstances will the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies or its editors knowingly allow such abuse to occur. If the editors of the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding the allegations.
Reviewers should notify the Editor when they suspect research or publication misconduct. The editor is responsible for carrying out the necessary actions by following the COPE recommendations.
Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies undertakes to apply it to COPE flowcharts when faced with allegations of misconduct on the following or similar topics.
• What to do when rebroadcast is suspected ( https://publicationethics.org/files/Full_set_of_flowcharts_Turkey_2017%20%281%29.pdf  )
• What to do when plagiarism is suspected ( https://publicationethics.org/files/Full_set_of_flowcharts_Turkey_2017%20%281%29.pdf  )
• What to do when fabricated data is suspected ( https://publicationethics.org/files/Full_set_of_flowcharts_Turkey_2017%20%281%29.pdf  )
• What to do in requests for change of authorship ( https://publicationethics.org/files/Full_set_of_flowcharts_Turkey_2017%20%281%29.pdf  )
• What to do when an undisclosed conflict of interest is suspected ( https://publicationethics.org/files/Full_set_of_flowcharts_Turkey_2017%20%281%29.pdf  )
• What to do when suspected of unfair or gift authorship ( https://publicationethics.org/files/Full_set_of_flowcharts_Turkey_2017%20%281%29.pdf  )
• What to do when an ethical problem is suspected in an article ( https://publicationethics.org/files/Full_set_of_flowcharts_Turkey_2017%20%281%29.pdf  )
• Ethical violation suspected e-mail, etc. What to do when notified directly with ( https://publicationethics.org/files/Full_set_of_flowcharts_Turkey_2017%20%281%29.pdf  )
• What to do when a suspected ethical violation is announced via social media ( https://publicationethics.org/files/Full_set_of_flowcharts_Turkey_2017%20%281%29.pdf  )

Complaint Procedure

This procedure applies to complaints about content, procedures, or policies that are the responsibility of the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies or our editorial staff. Complaints can provide an opportunity and incentive for improvement, and we aim to respond quickly, courteously, and constructively.
The complaint must relate to the content, procedures, or policies that are the responsibility of the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies or our editorial staff. Complaints should be emailed directly to turkishshiitestudies@gmail.com and will be treated confidentially. The editor immediately responds to complaints. The editor follows the procedure outlined in the COPE flowchart regarding complaints. Complaints are reviewed by the relevant member of the editorial team and if they cannot be resolved, the following processes are followed:
• If this initial response is deemed inadequate, the complainant may request that their complaint be forwarded to a more senior member of the journal.
• Complaints can be forwarded to the editor-in-chief if the complainant is not satisfied.
• A full response will be given within two weeks if possible.
COPE publishes a code of practice for editors of scientific journals. This will facilitate the resolution of disputes with editors, journals, and publishers, but only after the journal's own complaints procedures are exhausted.

Appeal Process

We welcome serious objections to reviews by editors and reviewers. If you think we rejected your article because we misunderstood the scientific content, please send an objection message to our editorial team at turkishshiitestudies@gmail.com . Do not try to submit a revised version of your article at this stage. If, after reading your objection letter, we understand that your objection is justified, we may invite you to submit a revised version of your article. Thus, your work is sent back to the external referee process. Please include as much detail as possible in the appeal letter. Prolonged negotiation over rejected articles has often been found to be unsatisfactory for both authors and editors. Therefore, we do not process more than one appeal for the same work.

Conflicts of Interest

A conflict of interest arises when professional judgment regarding a primary interest may be affected by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal competition). We believe that in order to make the best decision on how to handle an article, we need to know the competing interests of the authors and that if we publish the article, the readers should know them too.
All financial support resources and the role of sponsors in the study should be explained during the conduct of the research and the preparation of the article. If there is no source of funding, this should also be stated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that need to be disclosed include consultations, hiring, and grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.
The Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies has a set process for handling submissions from editors, staff, or editorial board members to ensure unbiased review. In such posts, the post's owner's duty in the journal is suspended. These submissions are reviewed through a double-blind process.
The editor should not be involved in decisions about articles written by him or his family members. In addition, such work should be subject to all the usual procedures of the journal. The editor should follow the ICMJE guidelines regarding disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers. (ICMJE - http://www.icmje.org )

Araştırma Etiği İlkeleri

Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies dergisi araştırma etiğinde en yüksek standartları gözetir ve aşağıda tanımlanan uluslararası araştırma etiği ilkelerini benimser. Makalelerin etik kurallara uygunluğu yazarların sorumluluğundadır.
• Araştırmanın tasarlanması, tasarımın gözden geçirilmesi ve araştırmanın yürütülmesinde, bütünlük, kalite ve şeffaflık ilkeleri sağlanmalıdır.
• Araştırma ekibi ve katılımcılar, araştırmanın amacı, yöntemleri ve öngörülen olası kullanımları; araştırmaya katılımın gerektirdikleri ve varsa riskleri hakkında tam olarak bilgilendirilmelidir.
• Araştırma katılımcılarının sağladığı bilgilerin gizliliği ve yanıt verenlerin gizliliği sağlanmalıdır. Araştırma katılımcıların özerkliğini ve saygınlığını koruyacak şekilde tasarlanmalıdır.
• Araştırma katılımcıları gönüllü olarak araştırmada yer almalı, herhangi bir zorlama altında olmamalıdırlar.
• Araştırma bağımsızlığıyla ilgili açık ve net olunmalı; çıkar çatışması varsa belirtilmelidir.
• Çalışma herhangi bir kurum ya da kuruluşta gerçekleştirilecekse bu kurum ya da kuruluştan çalışma yapılacağına dair onay alınmalıdır.
• İnsan öğesi bulunan çalışmalarda, “yöntem” bölümünde katılımcılardan “bilgilendirilmiş onam” alındığının ve çalışmanın yapıldığı kurumdan etik kurul onayı alındığı belirtilmesi gerekir.

Principles of the Peer Process for the Work of the Editorial Staff

Editorial and analysis articles written by the own editors of the Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies are not subject to external peer review. Original research articles, on the other hand, are sent to at least two external referees within the scope of blind refereeing. While the article is in the referee process, the editorial roles of the editors are suspended and the referee process is not seen, so double-blind refereeing is maintained. Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies accepts a maximum of 1 article per issue from the editorial team.