Abstract
Cinema has a complex relationship with ideology. On the one hand, cinema can be a vehicle for conveying an ideological message and a tool of propaganda; on the other, it can counter such propaganda by presenting perspectives that encourage audiences to question the world off screen. The film Killer of Sheep, written and directed by Charles Burnett, falls into the latter category. Burnett’s film sheds light on Watts, a district in South Central Los Angeles, and it has earned a place in the history of cinema for its narration, casting, and realism. Through its rich soundtrack, handling of life issues, and scenes where hope and reality collide, the film transforms its audience into a partner to the stories being told. By focusing on a neighborhood and the stories and everyday life dynamics of those living there, Burnett conveys the story of South Central to viewers who might well be familiar only with that of Hollywood, its neighbor to the north. This article discusses the phenomenon of “otherness” in Killer of Sheep from a critical point of view. As an example of Black Independent Cinema from outside Hollywood, the film offers an insightful window onto the dominant cultural codes of its era, codes that it both critiques and, in some cases, reproduces. Considering cinema’s transformative power and its relationship with ideology, Burnett presents realities to the audience using a narrative form and technique quite distinct from those of classic Hollywood cinema. The film’s relatively calm style, its musical richness, and the fact that all the elements of life simply exist on the screen at any given moment convince the audience of the reality of the stories being told. Reflecting the ways otherness is experienced in everyday life, the film reveals the class, racial, spatial, and gendered practices of otherness. While a journey without a spare tire and a pot without a matching lid highlight inequality and otherness in the class context, the femininities presented in the private sphere related to motherhood, the kitchen, and cooking also show that inequality and otherness have a multi-layered and gendered character. That these stories are told through the culturally powerful vehicle of cinema is significant, especially given that film has only deepened its hold on the daily life of society since Burnett’s movie was made. With the proliferation and spread of viewing technology, even our phones have become invisible bearers of ideology and mechanisms of persuasion, while also giving greater voice to counterarguments and alternative perspectives. In this context, Burnett’s is an “other” cinema narrative in which an “other” story set in an “other” space conscientiously refrains from overshadowing the “other” of womanhood experiences, thus embracing the socially transformative potential of cinema’s ideological dimension. Focusing on the phenomenon of otherness, this article uses descriptive analysis to explore the experiences of “other” cinema, “other” spaces, and “other” womanhood through the lens of Burnett’s film.