Arpa Fidelerinde Bazı Abiyotik Faktörlere Karşı Isı Şoku ile İndüklenen Stres Toleransının Klorofil a Floresansı Tekniği ile Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada üç farklı arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotipinde (Bülbül-89, Tarm-92 ve Tokak 157/37) ısı şoku ön uygulamasının yüksek sıcaklık, tuz, kuraklık ve UV-B streslerine karşı çapraz tolerans oluşumu üzerindeki etkisi klorofil a floresansı tekniği ile araştırılmıştır. Yüksek sıcaklık stresi tüm genotiplerde Fo (minimum floresans) değerini kontrollere göre önemli derecede artırmış ancak ısı şoku ön uygulaması Fo değerini azaltmıştır. Yüksek sıcaklık stresine maruz bırakılan tüm arpa genotiplerinde Fm (maksimum floresans), Fv/Fm (fotosistem II’nin maksimum kuantum etkinliği) ve PI (performans indeksi) paramatrelerinin kontrollere göre önemli oranda azaltmıştır. Tarm-92’de ısı şoku uygulaması, yüksek sıcaklık stresi uygulaması ile karşılaştırıldığında daha yüksek Fm, Fv/Fm and PI değerlerine neden olmuştur. Bülbül-89 ve Tokak 157/37’de ise ısı şoku ön uygulaması Fm, Fv/Fm ve PI parametrelerini daha belirgin şekilde azaltmıştır. Sonuç olarak Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm ve PI parametrelerindeki değişimlerin, Tarm-92’de ısı şoku ön uygulamalarının termotolerans gelişimine neden olduğu söylenebilir.

Keywords

• Arpa
• klorofil floresansı
• kuraklık
• ısı şoku
• termotolerans
• UV-B

Evaluation of Heat Shock-Induced Stress Tolerance to Some Abiotic Factors in Barley Seedlings by Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Technique

Abstract

In this study, the effect of heat shock pretreatment on the occurence of cross tolerance to heat, salinity, drought, and UV-B stress in three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (Bülbül-89, Tarm-92, and Tokak 157/37) was investigated through the chlorophyll a fluorescence technique. Heat stress increased Fo (minimum fluorescence) significantly when compared to the controls of these barley cultivars, but heat shock pretreatment led to lower Fo values in all cultivars. Fm (maximum fluorescence), Fv/Fm (maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II) and PI (performance index) were significantly decreased in all barley cultivars subjected to heat stress. In Tarm-92, heat shock pretreatment caused higher Fm, Fv/Fm and PI values than heat stress alone. On the other hand, heat shock pretreatment decreased Fm, Fv/Fm and PI more drastically in Bülbül-89 and Tokak 157/37. As a consequence, changes in Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm and PI may be attributed to thermotolerance development in Tarm-92 as a result of heat shock pretreatment.

Keywords

• Barley
• chlorophyll fluorescence
• drought
• heat shock
• thermotolerance
• UV-B

References

1. Mitchell JFB, 1989. The greenhouse effect and climate change. Rev. Geophy., 27: 115-139.
2. IPCC. Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. In: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2007.
3. Lele U, 2010. Food security for a billion poor. Science, 326: 1554-1555.
4. Tester M, Langridge P, 2010. Breeding technologies to increase crop production in a changing world. Science, 327: 818-822.
5. Aldhous P, 2000. Global warming could be bad news for arctic ozone layer. Nature. 404: 531-532
6. Hartmann DD, Wallace JM, Limpasuvan V, Thomson DWJ, Holton JR, 2000. Can ozone depletion and global warming interact to produce rapid climate change? PNAS. 97: 1412-1417.
7. Chopra RK, Devershi SS, 2007. Acclimation to drought stress generates oxidative stress tolerance in drought-resistant than-susceptible wheat cultivars under field conditions. Env. Exp. Bot., 60: 276-283.
8. Parida AK, Das AB, 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotox. Env. Safe., 60: 324-349.

9. Menzel A, 2006. European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern. Global Change Biol., 12: 1969-1976.
10. Hughes L, 2000. Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent? Trends Ecol. Evol., 15: 56-61.
11. Gong M, Li YJ, Dai X, Tian M, Li ZG, 1997. Involvement of calcium and calmodulin in the acquisition of heat-shock-induced thermotolerance in maize seedlings. J. Plant Physiol., 150: 615-621.
12. Gong M, van der Luit A, Knight MR, Trewavas AJ, 1998. Heat-shock induced changes of intracellular Ca2+ level in tobacco seedlings in relation to thermotolerance. Plant Physiol., 116: 429-437.
13. Kadyrzhanova DK, Vlachonasios KE, Ververidis P, Dilley DR, 1998. Molecular cloning of a novel heat-induced/chilling-tolerance related cDNA in tomato fruit by use of mRNA differential display. Plant Mol. Biol., 36: 885-895.
14. Kuznetsov VV, Rakutin VY, Borisova NN, Rotschupkin BV, 1993. Why does heat shock increase salt resistance in cotton plants? Plant Physiol. Biochem., 31: 181-188.
15. Kuznetsov VV, Rakutin VY, Zholkevich VN, 1999. Effect of preliminary heat-shock treatment on accumulation of osmolytes and drought resistance in cotton plants during water deficiency. Physiol. Plant., 107: 399-406.
16. Neumann D, Lichtenberger O, Tschiersh K, Nover L, 1994. Heat shock proteins induce heavy-metal tolerance in higher plants. Planta., 194: 360-367.
17. Ryu SB, Costa A, Xin ZG, Li PH, 1995. Induction of cold hardiness by salt stress involves synthesis of cold and acid-responsive proteins in potato (Solanum commersonii Dun). Plant Cell Physiol., 36: 1245-1251.
18. Keller E, Steffen KL, 1995. Increased chilling tolerance and altered carbon metabolism in tomato leaves following application of mechanical stress. Physiol. Plant., 93: 519-525.
19. Fu P, Wilen RW, Roertson AJ, Low NH, Tyler RT, Gusta LV, 1998. Heat tolerance of cold-acclimated Puma winter rye seedlings and the effect of a heat shock on freezing tolerance. Plant Cell Physiol., 39: 942-949.
20. Caldwell CR, 1994. Modification of the cellular heat sensitivity of cucumber by growth under supplemental ultraviolet-B radiation. Plant Physiol., 104: 395-399.
21. Dunning CA, Chalker-Scott L, Scott JD, 1994. Exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation increases cold hardiness in Rhododendron. Physiol. Plant., 92: 516-520.
22. Strasser BJ, Strasser RJ, 1995. Measuring fast fluorescence transients to address environmental questions: the JIP test. In: Mathis P.ed. Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere. Kluwer Academic: pp. 977-980.
23. Biswal B, Joshı P, Raval MK, Biswal UC, 2011. Photosynthesis, a global sensor of environmental stress in green plants: stress signalling and adaptation. Curr. Sci., 101: 47-56.
24. Maxwell K, Johnson GN, 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide. J. Exp. Bot., 51: 659-668.
25. Sayed OH, 2003. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in cereal crop science. Photosynthetica, 41: 321-330.
26. Georgieva K, Yordanov I, 1993. Temperature dependence of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of pea seedlings. J. Plant Physiol., 142: 151-155.
27. Schreıber U, Armond PA, 1978. Heat-induced changes of chlorophyll fluorescence in isolated chlroplasts and related heat-damage at the pigment level. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 502: 138-151.
28. Ducruet JM, Lemoine J, 1985. Increased heat sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus in triazine resistant biotypes from different plant species. Plant Cell Physiol., 26: 419-429.
29. Georgieva K, Lichtenthaler, HL, 1999. Photosynthetic activity and acclimation ability of pea plants to low and high temperature treatment as studied by means of chlorophyll fluorescence. J. Plant Physiol., 155: 416-423.
30. Hunt S, 2003. Measurement of photosynthesis and respiration in plants. Physiol. Plant., 117: 314-325.
31. Rohacek K, 2002. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters: the definitions, photosynthetic meaning, and mutual relationship. Photosynthetica, 40: 13-29.
32. Berry JA, Björkman O, 1980. Photosynthetic response and adaptation to temperature in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 31: 491-543.
33. Havaux M, 1993. Rapid photosynthetic adaptation to heat stress triggered in potato leaves by moderately elevated temperatures. Plant Cell Environ., 16: 461-467.
34. Heckathorn SA, Downs CA, Sharkey TD, Coleman JS, 1998. The small, methionine-rich chloroplast heat-shock protein protects photosystem II electron transport during heat stress. Plant Physiol., 116: 439-444.
35. Gong M, Chen B, Li Z, Gou LH, 2001. Heat-shock induced cross adaptation to heat, chilling, drought and salt stress in maize seedlings and involvement of H2O2. J. Plant Physiol., 158: 1125-1130.
36. Zıvcak M, Brestic M, Olsovska K, Slamka P, 2008. Performance index as a sensitive indicator of water stress in Triticum aestivum L. Plant Soil Environ., 54: 133-139.
37. Straser RJ, Srivastava A, Tsimilli MM, 2000. The fluorescence transient as a tool to caharacterize and screen photosynthetic samples. I: Yunus M., Pathre U., Mohanty P. (eds.): Probing Photosynthesis: Mechanisms, Regulation and Adaptation. Taylor and Francis, London, 445-483.
38. Straser RJ, Tsimilli MM, SRİVASTAVA A, 2004. Analysis of the fluorescence transient. In: George C., Papageorgiou C., Govindjee (eds.): Chlorophyll Fluorescence: A Signature of Photosynthesis. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration Series. Springer, Dordrecht, 321-362.
39. Yamada M, Hidaka T, Fakamachı H, 1996. Heat tolerance in leaves of tropical fruit crops as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. Sci. Hortic., 67: 39-48.
40. Kitao M, Lei TT, Koike T, Tobita H, Maruyama Y, Matsumoto, Ang LH, Temperature response and photoinhibition investigated by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements for four distinct species of dipterocarp trees. Physiol. Plant., 109: 284-290.
41. Knight C, Ackerly DD, 2002. An ecological and evolutionary analysis of photosynthetic thermotorolerance using the temperature-dependent increase in fluorescence. Oecologia, 130: 505-514.
42. Gamon JA, Pearcy RW, 1989. Leaf movement, stress avoidance and photosynthesis in Vitis californica. Oecologia, 116: 475-481.
43. Law RD, Crafts-Brandner J, 1999. Inhibition and acclimation of photosynthesis to heat stress is closely correlated with activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Plant Physiol., 120: 173-182.
44. Wahid A, Gelani S, Ashraf M, Foolad MR, 2007. Heat tolerance in plants: An overwiev. Env. Exp. Bot., 61: 199-223.