Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’deki Bazı Lafızların Dilbilimsel Tefsiri: el-Cevherî’nin Tâcü’l-Luġa ve Sıhâhu’l-ʿArabiyye Adlı Sözlüğü Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de yer alan bazı kavramların Sözlük anlamlarını, İsmâil b. Hammâd el-Cevherî’nin Tâcü’l-Luğa ve Sıhâhu’l-‘Arabiyye adlı sözlüğünde ortaya koyduğu çerçeve üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın temel hedefi, sözlükbilimsel yaklaşım ile tefsirî yönlendirme arasındaki ilişkinin mahiyetini ortaya koymak ve dilsel incelemenin Kur’ân metninin anlaşılmasındaki etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışma, Kur’anın nazil olduğu dönemde kullanılan Arap diline dayandığı ve lafızların Arap dilindeki yerleşik kullanımının doğru biçimde tespit edilmesinin sahih anlayışa esas teşkil ettiği metodolojik kabulünden hareket etmektedir. Araştırmada tümevarımsal, analitik ve karşılaştırmalı yöntem benimsenmiştir. Bu bağlamda anlam yoğunluğu yüksek bazı Kur’ânî lafızlar seçilmiş; el-Cevherî’nin bu lafızları ele alış biçimi, kök yapıları ve sözlük anlamları açısından analiz edilmiştir. Ardından bu tespitler, farklı dönemlere mensup müfessirlerin yorumlarıyla karşılaştırılarak ittifak ve ihtilaf noktaları ile anlam çeşitliliğinin mahiyeti ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, el-Cevherî’nin anlamı Arap dilindeki sahih kullanım çerçevesinde temellendirmeye odaklandığı, bağlamsal açılımları ise genişletmediği görülmüştür. Müfessirlerin ise sözlük anlamını Kur’ân bağlamı, belâgat unsurları ve itikadî-hukukî maksatlar ışığında işleyerek anlam alanını genişlettikleri tespit edilmiştir. Görünürdeki yorum farklılıklarının çoğunlukla dilin çok anlamlı yapısından kaynaklanan bir çeşitlilik olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda sözlük ile tefsir arasındaki ilişkinin metodolojik bir bütünlük arz ettiği; sözlüğün anlamı temellendirdiği, tefsirin ise onu bağlam içinde işlevsel kıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Keywords
The Linguistic Exegesis of Selected Qurʾanic Terms: A Study Based on al-Jawhari’s Tâcü’l-Luga ve Sıhâhu’l-Arabiyye
Abstract
This study examines the linguistic significations of selected Qur’anic terms as presented in Tâcü’l-Luğa ve Sıhâhu’l-‘Arabiyye by Ismail ibn Hammad al-Jawhari, with the aim of elucidating the nature of the relationship between lexicographical This study examines the linguistic significations of selected Qur’anic terms as presented in Tâcü’l-Luğa ve Sıhâhu’l-‘Arabiyye by Ismail ibn Hammad al-Jawhari, with the aim of elucidating the nature of the relationship between lexicographical treatment and exegetical orientation, and of demonstrating the impact of linguistic scholarship on understanding the Qur’anic text. The study proceeds from the methodological premise that Qur’anic exegesis fundamentally relies the Arabic language in which the Qur’an was revealed, and that accurately determining the conventional usages of words in classical Arabic constitutes an essential condition for sound interpretation. Employing inductive, analytical, and comparative methods, the research selects a group of Qur’anic terms characterized by dense semantic context. It analyzes al-Jawharī’s treatment of these terms in terms of their etymological roots and lexical definitions, and compares these findings with the interpretations of exegetes from various historical periods in order to identify points of agreement, divergence, and semantic diversity. The findings reveal that al-Jawharī primarily concentrates on establishing the foundational linguistic meaning within the framework of correct Arabic usage, without extensively elaborating on contextual nuances. In contrast, exegetes tend to activate the lexical core within the Qur’anic context, rhetorical indicators, and theological and legal objectives, thereby expanding and diversifying expressions of meaning. The apparent differences among interpretations largely reflect semantic multiplicity inherent in the Arabic language rather than contradiction. The study concludes that the relationship between lexicon and exegesis is methodologically complementary: the lexicon grounds and delineates meaning, while exegesis actualizes it within context and reveals its rhetorical and communicative potential. and exegetical orientation, and of demonstrating the impact of linguistic scholarship on understanding the Qur’anic text. The study proceeds from the methodological premise that Qur’anic exegesis fundamentally relies upon the Arabic language in which the Qur’an was revealed, and that accurately determining the conventional usages of words in classical Arabic constitutes an essential condition for sound interpretation. Employing an inductive, analytical, and comparative method, the research selects a group of Qur’anic terms characterized by dense semantic presence. It analyzes al-Jawharī’s treatment of these terms in terms of their etymological roots and lexical definitions, and compares these findings with the interpretations of exegetes from various historical periods in order to identify points of agreement, divergence, and semantic diversity. The findings reveal that al-Jawharī primarily concentrates on establishing the foundational linguistic meaning within the framework of correct Arabic usage, without extensively elaborating contextual nuances. In contrast, exegetes tend to activate the lexical core within the Qur’anic context, rhetorical indicators, and theological and legal objectives, thereby expanding and diversifying expressions of meaning. The apparent differences among interpretations largely reflect semantic multiplicity inherent in the Arabic language rather than contradiction. The study concludes that the relationship between lexicon and exegesis is methodologically complementary: the lexicon grounds and delineates meaning, while exegesis actualizes it within context and reveals its rhetorical and communicative potential.
Keywords
التفسير اللغوي لبعض ألفاظ القرآن الكريم في معجم "تاج اللغة وصحاح العربية" للجوهري
Abstract
تتناول هذه الدراسة التفسير اللغويَّ لعددٍ من الألفاظ القرآنيَّة كما وردت في معجم تاج اللغة وصِحاح العربيَّة لإسماعيل بن حمّاد الجوهريِّ، بهدف الكشف عن طبيعة العلاقة بين المعالجة المعجميّة والتوجيه التفسيريِّ، وبيان أثر الدرس اللغويِّ في فهم النصِّ القرآنيِّ. وتنطلق الدراسة من مسلّمةٍ منهجيَّةٍ مَفادها أنَّ تفسير القرآن الكريم يرتكز في أحد أصوله الكبرى على اللسان العربيِّ الذي نزل به، وأنَّ ضبط مدلولات الألفاظ في معهود العرب شرطٌ أساسٌ في استقامة الفهم. واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي؛ إذ تمّ اختيار طائفةٍ من الألفاظ القرآنيّة ذات الحضور الدلاليِّ الكثيف، ثم تحليل عرض الجوهريِّ لها من حيث أصلها الاشتقاقيِّ ومعناها المعجميِّ، ومقارنة ذلك بأقوال عددٍ من المفسِّرين من عصورٍ مختلفةٍ، للكشف عن مواطن الاتّفاق والاختلاف، وطبيعة التنوع الدلاليِّ. وقد أظهرت النتائج أنَّ الجوهريَّ يركّز على تأصيل المعنى اللغويِّ وضبطه في إطار الاستعمال العربيِّ الصحيح، دون توسّع في تفريع الدلالات السياقيَّة، في حين يتّجه المفسِّرون إلى توظيف الأصل اللغويِّ في ضوء السياق القرآنيِّ والقرائن البلاغيَّة والمقاصد العقديَّة والتشريعيَّة، ممَّا يفضي إلى تنويعٍ في العبارات وتوسيعٍ في إبراز لوازم المعنى. كما تبيّن أنَّ ما يبدو اختلافًا في التفسير يعود - في الغالب - إلى تعدد الوجوه الدلاليَّة في اللغة نفسها، وهو اختلاف تنوّعٍ لا تضادّ. وتخلص الدراسة إلى أنَّ العلاقة بين المعجم والتفسير علاقة تكاملٍ منهجيٍّ؛ فالمعجم يؤصّل الدلالة ويحدّد أطرها، والتفسير يفعّلها في السياق ويكشف عن طاقتها التداوليَّة والبلاغيَّة. ومن ثمّ فإنَّ استحضار المعاجم الموثوقة في الدراسات القرآنيَّة المعاصرة ضرورة علمية لضبط المعنى وصونه من الانفصال عن أصول العربيَّة.
Keywords
