Tanzimat Dönemi Osmanlı Adalet Düşüncesi ve Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti: Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 23, 393 - 421, 15.12.2019

Yunus Kaplan

https://doi.org/10.35415/sirnakifd.610131

Abstract

Siyaset
felsefesi tartışmalarından biri de Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti’ne tarihsel
perspektiften bakışla ilgilidir. Bu tartışma tarihsel perspektifle elde
edilecek verilerin Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti uygulamalarında işe yarayıp yaramadığı
noktasında odaklanmaktadır. Diğer bir tartışma konusu Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti ile
ilgili değerlendirmelerde sadece yakın zamanda meydana gelen olayların ve
reformların dikkate alınması ve tarihten örneklere çok sık müracaat edilmemesi
ile ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada ABD’nin Yeniden Yapılanma Çağı’nda ve Osmanlı’nın
Tanzimat Dönemi’nde gerçekleştirilen reformlar Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti açısından
incelenmektedir. Makalede, her iki zaman dilimininde gerçekleşen reformları
örnek iki vaka olarak alınmakta ve Geçiş Dönemi Adaletine tarihsel perspektifle
bakışın imkânı sorgulanmaktadır. Çalışma, esas alınan süreçteki yasal
düzenlemeler ve yapısal reformlarla sınırlandırılmaktadır. İnceleme sonucunda
her iki sürecin başarısızlıkla sonuçlandığı görülmektedir. Buna rağmen her iki
dönemde atılan adaletle ilgili adımların ve reformların gelecekteki birçok
anayasal ve yasal reformun zeminini teşkil ettiğini de söylemek mümkündür.
Ayrıca bu iki örnek geçiş dönemi adaleti incelemelerinde tarihsel perspektifin
önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Felsefe, İslam Felsefesi, Osmanlı Siyaset Düşüncesi, Tanzimat Dönemi, Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

2219

Ottoman Justice Thought in Tanzimat Period and Transitional Justice: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

One
of the debates about contemporary political philosophy is related to historical
perspective upon the Transitional Justice. This debate focuses on the
probability of historical perspective will work in the Transitional Justice
practices. In addition to this, in the evaluations concerning Transitional Justice,
recently happened events and implemented reforms are taken into account and
historical examples are not frequently referred. In the present work, by
starting from this thesis, we will scrutinize the reforms made in American
Reconstruction and Ottoman Tanzimat eras in terms of transitional justice. By
taking both eras into consideration as two cases, we sought to question the
possibility of historical perspective in the work. The work is limited to the
legal arrangements and structural reforms in the considered eras. In the
conclusion of the work, it is seen that the legal and structural reforms in
both eras, which had the characteristics of transitional period, failed. In
spite of this, it is probable to say that the taken steps related to justice formed
the basis of many constitutional and legal reforms in the future. Additionally,
these two cases demonstrate the significance of historical perspective in the
studies of transitional justice.       

Keywords

Philosophy, Islamic Philosophy, Ottoman Political Thought, Tanzimat Era, Transitional Justice

Project Number

2219

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