Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Organization of Turkic States: Diverse Motivations For A Common Aim

Year 2024, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 35 - 54, 19.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2024.33.1363769

Abstract

The Organization of Turkic States (OTS) was established to strengthen relations and increase cooperation between Turkicspeaking countries. The roots of the organization, which has the capacity to influence the balance of power in its geography, date back to the early 1990s, when the Turkic republics in Central Asia and the Caucasus declared their independence. The process, which started with the Presidential Summits held for the first time in 1992, has undergone transformations over time and has taken its current form. As in every organization, the motivations of member states have been effective in the mentioned transformations. This study aims to reveal the political, economic, and cultural motivations of the member states towards the OTS. In this context, firstly, information will be given about the emergence, transformations, structure, goals, and cooperation areas of the organization. Afterward, the motivations of the organization’s leading actors (Türkiye and Kazakhstan) and other members (Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, and Uzbekistan) will be examined in two subsections. In this study, in which a comparative analysis method was adopted, scientific data, books, articles, internet resources, official documents, and reports were used. The main argument of the study is that economic and political expectations come to the fore in the interest of member states to the organization, and cultural motivations play an encouraging role in the realization of these expectations.

References

  • Abdrahmanov, R. & Zhumagulova, K. (2023, August 16). Trans-Caspian Route: Kazakhstan’s Gateway to Europe. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2023/08/trans-caspian-route-kazakhstans-gateway-to-europe. google scholar
  • Afandiyeva, G. (2015). Cooperation Between Turkic Speaking Countries As One of The Factors Strengthening Unity of the Turkic World. In Mammadyarov, E., Center For Strategic Research (SAM), & Turkic Council (Eds), Fifth Summit of the Turkic Council: A Rising Actor in Regional Cooperation in Eurasia (pp. 35-39). Center for Strategic Research (SAM). google scholar
  • Akçapa, M. (2023). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı’nın Tarihsel Gelişimi: Teşkilatın Dünü, Bugünü ve Yarını [Historical Development of the Organization of Turkic States: The Past, Present and Future of the Organization]. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(34), 473-491. https://doi.org/10.33692/avrasyad.1223099. google scholar
  • Akçay, N. (2022, November 23). Does the Organization of Turkic States Worry China and Russia?. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2022/11/does-the-organization-of-turkic-states-worry-china-and-russia/. google scholar
  • Akıllı E. & Çelenk B. (2019). TİKA’s Soft Power. Insight Turkey, 21(3), 135-152. google scholar
  • Akıllı, E. (2019). TURKSOY, Turkic Council and Cultural Diplomacy: Transactionalism Revisited. Bilig, 91(01), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9101. google scholar
  • Alaranta, T. & Silvan, K. (2022). Turkey in Central Asia: Possibilities And Limits Of A Greater Role. Finnish Isntitute of International Affairs (FIIA) Briefing Paper 328. google scholar
  • Aliev, T. M. (2015). Kazakhstan: Resource Curse or Dutch Disease?. Problems of Economic Transition, 57(10), 1-28. google scholar
  • Anarkulov, R., Anarkulov, T., Deidieva, F., & Abdullaeva, Z. (2021). World Nomad Games as a Factor Increasing the Kyrgyz Republic Image. Advances in Physical Education, 11(4), 387-394. google scholar
  • Aras, B. (2000). Turkey’s Policy in the Former Soviet South: Assets and Options. Turkish Studies, 1(1), 36-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683840008721220. google scholar
  • Aras, O. N., Suleymanov, E., & Hasanov, F. J. (2013, September 29). TANAP Projesinin Ekonomik ve Stratejik Sonuçları [Economic and Strategic Expectations of Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project]. SSRN Electronic Journal. google scholar
  • Baghirov, O. (2022). The organization of Turkic States’ economic potential and cooperation prospects among its members. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, 27(1), 53-73. google scholar
  • Başaran, D. (2022, November 12). The Organization of Turkic States Samarkand Summit: Towards A Strong and United Turkish World. ANKASAM. Retrieved from https://www.ankasam.org/the-organization-of-turkic-states-samarkand-summit-towards-a-strong-and-united-turkish-world/?lang=en. google scholar
  • Bayramova, U. (2021). October-2021 Analysis The Impact of the Opening of Zangezur Corridor on Regional. Center for Analysis of International Relations. google scholar
  • Behruz, M. (2022, April 04). O’zbokistonnig Turkiy Tilli Davlatlar Hamkorlık Ittifoqıdagı O’rnı. International Conference on Developments in Education, 263-267. google scholar
  • Bjerde, A. & Proskuryakova, T. (2022, November 4). Climate Action Can Catalyze Kazakhstan’s Economic Diversification. Inaction Will Be Costly. The Astana Times. Retrieved from https://astanatimes.com/2022/11/ climate-action-can-catalyze-kazakhstans-economic-diversification-inaction-will-be-costly/. google scholar
  • Bukhari.uz. (2023, May 26). Project Tabarruk Zıyarat Is In Reality. Imam Bukhari International Scientific-Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.bukhari.uz/?p=28549&lang=en. google scholar
  • Chan, M. (2021, November 28). Why China, Russia ‘should keep a close eye’ on upgraded Turkic Council. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3157627/why-china-russia-should-keep-close-eye-upgraded-turkic-council. google scholar
  • Çiçekli, M. Y. (2022, July 01). TÜRKPA 11. Genel Kurulu: “Türk Dili Konuşan Değil; Türk’üz [Not Turkic-Speaking; We Are Turks]. Retrieved from https://www.sde.org.tr/turkpa-11-genel-kurulu-turk-dili-konusan-degil-turkuz-bolgesel-analiz-352. google scholar
  • Daminov, I. (2020). Reassesing Classification of Kazakhstan’s Ethnic Management Model: A Comparative Approach. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 11(2), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1879366520925337. google scholar
  • Demir, C. (2022). The Organization of Turkic States: Implications for the Regional Balance of Power. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, (Special Issue), 39-71. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1104776. google scholar
  • Devonshire-Ellis, C. (2021, November 30). Organisation of Turkic States Rebranded With Intention To Balance Central Asian Politics. Retrieved from https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2021/11/30/organisation-of-turkic-states-rebranded-with-intention-to-balance-central-asian-politics/. google scholar
  • Directorate of Communications. (2023, September 15). Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Türk Dünyası Büyük Bir Uyanış ve Şahlanış İçindedir [President Erdoğan: The Turkic World is in a Great Awakening and Revival]. Retrieved from https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/haberler/detay/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-turk-dunyasi-yeni-bir-uyanis-ve-sahlanis-icindedir. google scholar
  • Diyarbakırlıoğlu, K. & Yiğit, S. (2014). Kazakh Multi Vektor Policy in Action. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, 13(4), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.21599/atjir.97918. google scholar
  • Doğantekin, V. (2019, May 25). Nazarbayev made honorary president of Turkic Council. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/nazarbayev-made-honorary-president-of-turkic-council/1488599. google scholar
  • Emeklier, B., Taş, T., & Yılmaz, K. Ç. (2022). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı: Bütünleşme Sürecine Nereden Başlamalı ve Ne Yapmalı? [Organization of Turkic States: Where to Initiate the Integration Process and What to Do?]. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, (Special Issue), 73-107. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1112874. google scholar
  • Erdoğan, A. (2020). Sovyetler Birliği’nin Dağılmasından Sonra Orta Asya’da Gerçekleşen Büyük Oyun [New Great in Central Asia After The Dissolution of the Soviet Union]. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 989-1015. google scholar
  • Erkiner, H. H. & Eray, İ. Uluslararası Hukuk Bakımından Bir Uluslararası Örgüt Olarak Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı [Organization of Turkic States as an International Organization in terms of International Law] . Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, (OTS Special Issue), 217-250. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1112918. google scholar
  • Erol, M. S. & Çelik, K. E. (2017). Türk Dünyası’nda İşbirliği Denemesi: Türk Keneşi ve Kazakistan [The Cooperation Test in Turkish World: Turkic Council and Kazakhstan]. Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, 17(2), 15-32. google scholar
  • Fida, Z. (2018). Central Asia’s Place in Turkey’s Foreign Policy. Policy Perspectives, 15(1), 113-125. https:// doi.org/10.13169/polipers.15.1.0113. google scholar
  • Gawliczek, P. & Iskandarov, K. (2023). The Zangezur corridor as part of the global transport route (against the backdrop of power games in the South Caucasus region). Security and Defence Quarterly, 41(1), 36-53. google scholar
  • Gök, A. (2022). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı ve Dağlık Karabağ Zaferinin Yarattığı Fırsatlar [Organization of Turkic States and the Opportunities Created by the Nagorno-Karabakh Victory]. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, (Special Issue), 109-145. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1093710. google scholar
  • Gökçelik, Ş. B. (2022, January 27). Orta Asya’da Nüfuz Yarışı [Race for Influence in Central Asia]. Retrieved from https://avim.org.tr/tr/Yorum/ORTA-ASYA-DA-NUFUZ-YARISI. google scholar
  • Göl, A. (2009). The Identity of Turkey: Muslim and Secular. Third World Quarterly, 30(4), 795-811. https://doi. org/10.1080/01436590902867383. google scholar
  • Hale, W. (2013). Turkish Foreign Policy Since 1774. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Idrissov, E. (2015). The Turkic Council: Engine of Turkic Integration. In Mammadyarov, E., Center For Strategic Research (SAM), & Turkic Council (Eds), Fifth Summit of the Turkic Council: A Rising Actor in Regional Cooperation in Eurasia (pp. 11-14). Center for Strategic Research (SAM). google scholar
  • International Turkic Academy. (2023). Akademi Hakkında [About Academy). Retrieved from https://www. twesco.org/page/about. google scholar
  • Jafarova, N. (2023, May 25). The rise of the Middle Corridor. FRONTIERVIEW. Retrieved from https:// frontierview.com/insights/the-rise-of-the-middle-corridor/. google scholar
  • Karatayev, M. & and Clarke, M. L. (2014). Current energy resources in Kazakhstan and the future potential of renewables: A review. Energy Procedia, 59, 97-104. google scholar
  • Kaseinov, D. (2015). TURKSOY: The global actor of cultural cooperation in the Turkic world. In Mammadyarov, E., Center For Strategic Research (SAM), & Turkic Council (Eds), Fifth Summit of the Turkic Council: A Rising Actor in Regional Cooperation in Eurasia (pp. 19-25). Center for Strategic Research (SAM). google scholar
  • Kassen, M. (2018). Understanding Foreign Policy Strategies of Kazakhstan: A Case Study of the Landlocked and Transcontinental Country. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 31(3-4), 314-343. google scholar
  • Kaya, E. (2022, December 28). Kyrgyzstan’s Policy of Becoming a Center in Corridors and Reaching the Seas. ANKASAM. Retrieved from https://www.ankasam.org/kyrgyzstans-policy-of-becoming-a-center-in-corridors-and-reaching-the-seas/?lang=en. google scholar
  • Kaya, E. (2022, October 12). Turkmenistan’s Full Membership to the Organization of Turkic States. ANKASAM. Retrieved from https://www.ankasam.org/turkmenistans-full-membership-to-the-organization-of-turkic-states/?lang=en. google scholar
  • Kayani, F. N. (2021). Role of foreign remittances in poverty reduction: A case of poverty-ridden Kyrgyzstan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 15(3). 545-558. google scholar
  • Kun.uz. (2022, November 09). O‘zbekistonning Turkiy Davlatlar Tashkiloti Doirasida Ilgari Surgan O‘nlab Tashabbuslari Ro‘yobga Chiqmoqda [Dozens of Uzbekistan’s Earlier Initiatives Within the Organization of Turkic States Are Realizing]. Retrieved from https://kun.uz/uz/news/2022/11/09/ozbekistonning-turkiy-davlatlar-tashkiloti-doirasida-ilgari-surgan-onlab-tashabbuslari-royobga-chiqmoqda. google scholar
  • Kydyralı, D. (2019). Ten Years of Turkic Academy: Activities, Achievements and Lessons. Turkic Council, 49-58. google scholar
  • Laruelle, M. & Peyrouse, S. (2013). Globalizing Central Asia: Geopolitics and Challenges of Economic Development. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • McDermott, R. (2006). Kazakhstan Claims Regional Leadership Role. Eurasia Daily Monitor, 3(17). Retrieved from https://jamestown.org/program/kazakhstan-claims-regional-leadership-role/. google scholar
  • Nakhle, C. (2023, June 2). Kazakhstan and the EU: Common interest in energy security. Retrieved from https:// www.gisreportsonline.com/r/eu-energy-security/. google scholar
  • Nazarbayev, N. (1997). Yüzyılların Kavşağında [Ğasırlar Toğısında] (B. Muhyaeva, Trans.). Ankara: Bilig Yayınları. google scholar
  • Ormanova, S. (2016). Restoration of Relations Between Kazakhstan and Turkey: International and Legal Basis. II. Türk Hukuku Tarihi Kongresi Bildirileri, 627-632. https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2. ashx?f=restoration-of-relations-between-kazakhstan-and-turkey-international-and-legal-basis_sholpan-ormanova.pdf. google scholar
  • Otaxonov, F. (2022, November 09). Turkiy Davlatlar Tashkiloti: Kecha va Bugun [Organization of Turkic States: Yesterday and Today]. Xalk So’zi. https://xs.uz/uz/post/turkij-davlatlar-tashkiloti-kecha-va-bugun. google scholar
  • OTS. (2021A). Turkic World Vision - 2040. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/assets/pdf/haberler/turkic-world-vision-2040-2396-97.pdf. google scholar
  • OTS. (2021B, March 31). Turkistan Declaration of the Informal Summit of the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/temel-belgeler. google scholar
  • OTS. (2021C, June 29). Turkic Council Secretary General attended Gala Concert dedicated to proclamation of Kokand city, Uzbekistan as “Turkic World Tourism Capital”. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/en/ haberler/turkic-council-secretary-general-attended-gala-concert-dedicated-to-proclamation-of-kokand-city-uzbekistan-as-turkic-world-tourism-capital_2282. google scholar
  • OTS. (2021D, December 12). Host Country Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States Regarding the Secretariat of the Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/assets/dokuman/ HostCountryAgreementbtwnGovernmntandSecretariat.pdf. google scholar
  • OTS. (2022A, January 28). Statement by the Secretary General of the Organization of Turkic States on the situation at the Kyrgyz-Tajik state border. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/haberler/ statement-by-the-secretary-general-of-the-organization-of-turkic-states-on-the-situation-at-the-kyrgyz-tajik-state-border_2444. google scholar
  • OTS. (2022B, July 05). First Turkic Agro-Forum Held in Tashkent. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/en/ haberler/first-turkic-agro-forum-held-in-tashkent_2580. google scholar OTS. (2023A). History of Organization. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/organizasyon-tarihcesi. google scholar
  • OTS. (2023B). Presidental Summits. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/zirveler. google scholar
  • OTS. (2023C). Turkic Academy. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/en/iliskili-kurumlar/turkic-academy_1. google scholar
  • OTS. (2023D). Key Documents. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/temel-belgeler. google scholar
  • OTS. (2023E). Areas of Cooperation. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/isbirligi-alanlari#1-political-cooperation. google scholar
  • OTS. (2023F). Turkic Culture and Heritage Foundation. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/en/iliskili-kurumlar/turkic-culture-and-heritage-foundation_5. google scholar
  • Özsoy, B. (2023). Türk Dünyası Söylemi İçinde Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı’nın Rolü ve Önemi [The Role and Importance of the Organization of Turkic States in the Discourse of the Turkic World], Anasay, 7 (25), 40-55. google scholar
  • Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic States. (2023). About TURKPA. Retrieved from https://www.turk-pa.org/ en/about. google scholar
  • Pavlovic, Z & Gritzner, C. F. (2003). Kazakhstan. New York: Infobase Publishing. google scholar
  • Purtaş, F. (2017). Cultural Diplomacy Initiatives of Turkic Republics. Perceptions, 22(1), 91-114. google scholar
  • Rakhimov, S. A. (2023). Uzbekistan and the Organization of Turkic States: Main Vectors of Cooperation. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(1), 402406. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v10i1.4411. google scholar
  • RFE. (2022, November 03). Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan Sign Accord On Joint Management Of Disputed Water Reservoir. RFE/RL. Retrieved from https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-uzbekistan-accord-reservoir/32114209.html. google scholar
  • Samar, K. & Ademoğlu, Y. (2022, November 11). Rusya’nın Orta Asya’da nüfuzu azalıyor mu, Türkiye’nin adımları jeopolitik dengeleri nasıl etkiler? [Is Russia’s influence decreasing in Central Asia? How will Turkey’s steps affect the geopolitical balances?]. Retrieved from https://tr.euronews.com/2022/11/11/ rusyanin-orta-asyada-nufuzu-azaliyor-mu-turkiyenin-adimlari-jeopolitik-dengeleri-nasil-etk. google scholar
  • Sanchez, A. W. (2020). A Rising Global Player: Kazakhstan’s Foreign Policy in the 2020s. Wilson Centre: Kennan Publication, 51. Retrieved from https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/ documents/KI_200514_cable%2051_v1.pdf. google scholar
  • Sapmaz, A. (2008). Rusya’nın Transkafkasya Politikası ve Türkiye’ye Etkileri [Russia’s Transcaucasus Policy and Its Effects on Turkey]. İstanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat. google scholar
  • Sarı, B. (2022). Anarşik Uluslararası Sistemde Türk Dünyası Güvenlik Topluluğu Potansiyeli: Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı [The Potential of the Turkic World Security Community in the Anarchic International System: Organization of Turkic States]. Kriter Dergi, 7(73). Retrieved from https://kriterdergi.com/dosya-turk-devletleri-teskilati/anarsik-uluslararasi-sistemde-turk-dunyasi-guvenlik-toplulugu-potansiyeli-turk-devletleri-teskilati. google scholar
  • Sarıkaya, Y. (2021). Türki Cumhuriyetler’den Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı’na 30 Yılın Muhasebesi [Accounting of 30 Years from Turkic Republics to Organization of Turkic States]. Türk Akademisi Siyasi Sosyal Stratejik Araştırmalar Vakfı (TASAV), 38. Retrieved from https://www.tasav.org/media/k2/attachments/DPA_D_38_ TDT-30_Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1n_Muhasebesi_20.12.2021.pdf. google scholar
  • Sobirov, J. (2020). Participation of Uzbekistan in The Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States. Scientific Collection (INTERCONF), 3(39), 726-730. google scholar
  • Sputnik Türkiye, (2021, November 26). Aksakallılar Konseyi Başkanı Yıldırım: Rusya ve Çin Türk Devletleri google scholar
  • Teşkilatı’nın doğal üyesidir [Council of Elders President Yıldırım: Russia and China are natural members of the Organization of Turkic States]. Sputnik. Retrieved from https://sputniknews.com.tr/20211126/ aksakallilar-konseyi-baskani-yildirim-rusya-ve-cin-turk-devletleri-teskilatinin-dogal-uyesidir-1051186836. html. google scholar
  • Szumski, C. (2022, June 17). Kazakhstan key ‘Middle Corridor’ linking China to EU. EURACTIV. Retrieved from https://www.euractiv.com/section/central-asia/news/kazakhstan-key-middle-corridor-linking-china-to-eu/. google scholar
  • Şimşek, P. (2023). Ana Dili Kazak Türkçesi Olan Öğrencilerin Türkçe Öğrenim Sürecinde Yazma Becerileri Sorunları [Writing Skills Problems of Students Whose Native Language is Kazakh Turkish in the Process of Learning Turkish]. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim (TEKE) Dergisi, 12(1), 239-252. google scholar
  • Tekir, G. (2023). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatının Yeni-İşlevselcilik ve Devletlerarasıcılık Teorileri Bağlamına Değerlendirilmesi [The Evaluation of Organization of Turkic States In Terms of Neo-Functionalism and Intergovernmentalism]. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(2), 1084-1097. google scholar
  • TİKA. (2023). About Us. Retrieved from https://www.tika.gov.tr/en/page/about_us-14650. google scholar
  • Toktogulov, B. (2022). Uzbekistan’s Foreign Policy Under Mirziyoyev: Change or Continuity?. Eurasian Research Journal, 4(1), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2022.1-03. google scholar
  • Toprak, N. G. (2020). Orta Koridor Girişimi Bağlamında Türkiye’nin Değişen Orta Asya Politikası [Turkey’s Changing Central Asia Policy Within the Context of the Middle Corridor Initiative]. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (AEÜSBED), 6(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.634990. google scholar
  • Topsakal, İ., & Zengin, A. K. (2021). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı: Siyasi, Ekonomik ve Kültürel Çıktılar [Organization of Turkic States: Political, Economic and Cultural Outputs]. Kriter Dergi, 6 (23). Retrieved from https://kriterdergi.com/dis-politika/turk-devletleri-teskilati-siyasi-ekonomik-ve-kulturel-ciktilar. google scholar
  • Tosun, E. (2020). Türk Dili Konuşan Ülkeler İşbirliği Konseyi (Türk Keneşi) [The Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking Countries (Turkish Council)]. History Reviews, Autumn, 21-25. google scholar
  • Tulyakov, E. (2022, February 07). Five Years with Action Strategy: Result of the Reforms. Retrieved from https://strategy.uz/index.php?news=1478&lang=en. google scholar
  • Turkic Council. (2019, May 24). Statement on Granting the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Elbasy, H.E Nursultan Nazarbayev, the Status of the Life-Time Honorary President of the Turkic Council. Retrieved from https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/statement-on-granting-the-first-president-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-elbasy-he-nursultan-nazarbayev-the-status-of-the-life-time-honorary-president-of-the-turkic-council_1830. google scholar
  • TURKSOY. (2023). History. Retrieved from https://www.turksoy.org/en-US/history. google scholar
  • Ulutaş, U., & Tanrısever, O. F. (2019). The Turkic Council on the 10th Anniversary of the Nakhchivan Agreement: A View from Turkey. Turkic Council, 112-125. google scholar
  • UZA (2021, January 08). The President of Uzbekistan Proposes to Annually Award the Alisher Navoi International Prize. O’zbekiston Milliy Axborat Agentligi. Retrieved from https://uza.uz/ tr/posts/the-president-of-uzbekistan-proposes-to-annually-award-the-alisher-navoi-international-prize_424664?q=%2Fposts%2Fthe-president-of-uzbekistan-proposes-to-annually-award-the-alisher-navoi-international-prize_424664. google scholar
  • World Bank. (2023A). Country Profile: Turkey. Retrieved from https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/ TUR. google scholar
  • World Bank. (2023B). Country Profile: Kazakhstan. Retrieved from https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/ en/KAZ. google scholar
  • Yalçın, A. Z. & Doğan, M. (2023). Enerjide Dışa Bağımlılık Sorunu: Türkiye İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz [The Problem of External Dependence in Energy: An Empirical Analysis for Turkey]. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 30(2), 203-223. google scholar
  • Yalçınkaya, A. (2012). TRACECA as a Eurasian Organization. In 6th Silk Road International Conference Globalization and Security in Black and Caspian Seas Regions (pp. 34-42). Tbilisi-Batumi, Georgia. google scholar
  • Yalçınkaya, A. (2019). Avrasyacı Bölgeselleşme Girişimleri: KEİ, AEB, ŞİO [Eurosianist Regionalism Initiatives: BSEC, EEU, SCO]. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies, 7, 85-100. google scholar
  • Yalçınkaya, A. & Güzel, M. (2021). Bölgeselleşme Örnekleri Olarak TRACECA, Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği, Yeni İpek Yolu ve Kuşak-Yol, Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi (IJAR), 6(12), 100-124. google scholar
  • Yesevi, Ç. G. (2022). Examining the Organization of Turkic States: A Teacher and Norm-Creator. Perceptions, XXVII (1), p. 2-25. google scholar
  • Yıldırım, C., Tuğluoğlu, F., Gökçe, M., & Okumuş, O. (2021). 20. Yüzyılda Türkiye-Türk Dünyası İlişkileri [Türkiye-Turkic World Relations in the 20th Century]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. google scholar
  • Yiğitgüden, H. Y. (2023). Bakü-Tiflis-Ceyhan Boru Hattının Yaşanan Tarihi [The Witnessed History of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline]. Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Yüce, M. (2021). Bağımsızlıklarının 30.yılında Türkiye-Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri İlişkileri [Relations between Türkiye-Central Asian Turkic Republics on the 30th Anniversary of their Independence]. Kriter Dergi, 6(62). Retrieved from https://kriterdergi.com/dosya-turk-dunyasi/bagimsizliklarinin-30-yilinda-turkiye-orta-asya-turk-cumhuriyetleri-iliskileri. google scholar
  • Yüce, M. (2022). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatına Üye Ülkeler Arasında İkili İlişkilere Bakış [Overview of Bilateral Relations Between Member States of the Organization of Turkic States]. Kriter Dergi, 7(73). Retrieved from https://kriterdergi.com/dosya-turk-devletleri-teskilati/turk-devletleri-teskilatina-uye-ulkeler-arasinda-ikili-iliskilere-bakis. google scholar
  • Zengin, A. K. (2021). Central Asian Security and Kazakhstan’s Regional Leadership Status. The Proceeding Bulletin MILF (%ddHXAEAPmbICbI), 3(47), 75-80. google scholar

Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı: Ortak Bir Amaç İçin Çeşitli Motivasyonlar

Year 2024, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 35 - 54, 19.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2024.33.1363769

Abstract

Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı (TDT) Türkçe konuşan ülkeler arasındaki ilişkilerin güçlendirilmesi ve işbirliğinin arttırılması amacıyla kurulmuştur. Bulunduğu coğrafyada güç dengesini etkileme kapasitesi olan bu teşkilatın kökenleri Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’daki Türk cumhuriyetlerinin bağımsızlıklarını ilan ettikleri 1990lı yılların başına kadar uzanmaktadır. İlk kez 1992 yılında düzenlenen Başkanlık Zirveleriyle başlayan süreç, zamanla dönüşümler geçirerek günümüzdeki halini almıştır. Her örgütte olduğu gibi, söz konusu dönüşümlerde üye devletlerin motivasyonları etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışma, üye devletlerin TDT’ye yönelik politik, ekonomik ve kültürel motivasyonlarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda ilk olarak, teşkilatın ortaya çıkışı, dönüşümleri, yapısı, amaçları ve işbirliği alanları hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Ardından, teşkilatın önde gelen aktörlerinin (Türkiye ve Kazakistan) ve diğer üyelerinin (Kırgızistan, Azerbaycan ve Özbekistan) motivasyonları iki alt başlıkta incelenecektir. Karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yönteminin benimsendiği bu çalışmada, bilimsel veriler, kitaplar, makaleler, internet kaynakları, resmî belge ve raporlardan yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın ana argümanı üye devletlerin örgüte olan ilgisinde ekonomik ve siyasi beklentilerin ön plana çıktığı, kültürel motivasyonların ise bu beklentilerin gerçekleştirilmesinde teşvik edici bir rol oynadığıdır.

References

  • Abdrahmanov, R. & Zhumagulova, K. (2023, August 16). Trans-Caspian Route: Kazakhstan’s Gateway to Europe. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2023/08/trans-caspian-route-kazakhstans-gateway-to-europe. google scholar
  • Afandiyeva, G. (2015). Cooperation Between Turkic Speaking Countries As One of The Factors Strengthening Unity of the Turkic World. In Mammadyarov, E., Center For Strategic Research (SAM), & Turkic Council (Eds), Fifth Summit of the Turkic Council: A Rising Actor in Regional Cooperation in Eurasia (pp. 35-39). Center for Strategic Research (SAM). google scholar
  • Akçapa, M. (2023). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı’nın Tarihsel Gelişimi: Teşkilatın Dünü, Bugünü ve Yarını [Historical Development of the Organization of Turkic States: The Past, Present and Future of the Organization]. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(34), 473-491. https://doi.org/10.33692/avrasyad.1223099. google scholar
  • Akçay, N. (2022, November 23). Does the Organization of Turkic States Worry China and Russia?. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2022/11/does-the-organization-of-turkic-states-worry-china-and-russia/. google scholar
  • Akıllı E. & Çelenk B. (2019). TİKA’s Soft Power. Insight Turkey, 21(3), 135-152. google scholar
  • Akıllı, E. (2019). TURKSOY, Turkic Council and Cultural Diplomacy: Transactionalism Revisited. Bilig, 91(01), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9101. google scholar
  • Alaranta, T. & Silvan, K. (2022). Turkey in Central Asia: Possibilities And Limits Of A Greater Role. Finnish Isntitute of International Affairs (FIIA) Briefing Paper 328. google scholar
  • Aliev, T. M. (2015). Kazakhstan: Resource Curse or Dutch Disease?. Problems of Economic Transition, 57(10), 1-28. google scholar
  • Anarkulov, R., Anarkulov, T., Deidieva, F., & Abdullaeva, Z. (2021). World Nomad Games as a Factor Increasing the Kyrgyz Republic Image. Advances in Physical Education, 11(4), 387-394. google scholar
  • Aras, B. (2000). Turkey’s Policy in the Former Soviet South: Assets and Options. Turkish Studies, 1(1), 36-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683840008721220. google scholar
  • Aras, O. N., Suleymanov, E., & Hasanov, F. J. (2013, September 29). TANAP Projesinin Ekonomik ve Stratejik Sonuçları [Economic and Strategic Expectations of Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project]. SSRN Electronic Journal. google scholar
  • Baghirov, O. (2022). The organization of Turkic States’ economic potential and cooperation prospects among its members. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, 27(1), 53-73. google scholar
  • Başaran, D. (2022, November 12). The Organization of Turkic States Samarkand Summit: Towards A Strong and United Turkish World. ANKASAM. Retrieved from https://www.ankasam.org/the-organization-of-turkic-states-samarkand-summit-towards-a-strong-and-united-turkish-world/?lang=en. google scholar
  • Bayramova, U. (2021). October-2021 Analysis The Impact of the Opening of Zangezur Corridor on Regional. Center for Analysis of International Relations. google scholar
  • Behruz, M. (2022, April 04). O’zbokistonnig Turkiy Tilli Davlatlar Hamkorlık Ittifoqıdagı O’rnı. International Conference on Developments in Education, 263-267. google scholar
  • Bjerde, A. & Proskuryakova, T. (2022, November 4). Climate Action Can Catalyze Kazakhstan’s Economic Diversification. Inaction Will Be Costly. The Astana Times. Retrieved from https://astanatimes.com/2022/11/ climate-action-can-catalyze-kazakhstans-economic-diversification-inaction-will-be-costly/. google scholar
  • Bukhari.uz. (2023, May 26). Project Tabarruk Zıyarat Is In Reality. Imam Bukhari International Scientific-Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.bukhari.uz/?p=28549&lang=en. google scholar
  • Chan, M. (2021, November 28). Why China, Russia ‘should keep a close eye’ on upgraded Turkic Council. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3157627/why-china-russia-should-keep-close-eye-upgraded-turkic-council. google scholar
  • Çiçekli, M. Y. (2022, July 01). TÜRKPA 11. Genel Kurulu: “Türk Dili Konuşan Değil; Türk’üz [Not Turkic-Speaking; We Are Turks]. Retrieved from https://www.sde.org.tr/turkpa-11-genel-kurulu-turk-dili-konusan-degil-turkuz-bolgesel-analiz-352. google scholar
  • Daminov, I. (2020). Reassesing Classification of Kazakhstan’s Ethnic Management Model: A Comparative Approach. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 11(2), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1879366520925337. google scholar
  • Demir, C. (2022). The Organization of Turkic States: Implications for the Regional Balance of Power. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, (Special Issue), 39-71. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1104776. google scholar
  • Devonshire-Ellis, C. (2021, November 30). Organisation of Turkic States Rebranded With Intention To Balance Central Asian Politics. Retrieved from https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2021/11/30/organisation-of-turkic-states-rebranded-with-intention-to-balance-central-asian-politics/. google scholar
  • Directorate of Communications. (2023, September 15). Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Türk Dünyası Büyük Bir Uyanış ve Şahlanış İçindedir [President Erdoğan: The Turkic World is in a Great Awakening and Revival]. Retrieved from https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/haberler/detay/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-turk-dunyasi-yeni-bir-uyanis-ve-sahlanis-icindedir. google scholar
  • Diyarbakırlıoğlu, K. & Yiğit, S. (2014). Kazakh Multi Vektor Policy in Action. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, 13(4), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.21599/atjir.97918. google scholar
  • Doğantekin, V. (2019, May 25). Nazarbayev made honorary president of Turkic Council. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/nazarbayev-made-honorary-president-of-turkic-council/1488599. google scholar
  • Emeklier, B., Taş, T., & Yılmaz, K. Ç. (2022). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı: Bütünleşme Sürecine Nereden Başlamalı ve Ne Yapmalı? [Organization of Turkic States: Where to Initiate the Integration Process and What to Do?]. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, (Special Issue), 73-107. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1112874. google scholar
  • Erdoğan, A. (2020). Sovyetler Birliği’nin Dağılmasından Sonra Orta Asya’da Gerçekleşen Büyük Oyun [New Great in Central Asia After The Dissolution of the Soviet Union]. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 989-1015. google scholar
  • Erkiner, H. H. & Eray, İ. Uluslararası Hukuk Bakımından Bir Uluslararası Örgüt Olarak Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı [Organization of Turkic States as an International Organization in terms of International Law] . Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, (OTS Special Issue), 217-250. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1112918. google scholar
  • Erol, M. S. & Çelik, K. E. (2017). Türk Dünyası’nda İşbirliği Denemesi: Türk Keneşi ve Kazakistan [The Cooperation Test in Turkish World: Turkic Council and Kazakhstan]. Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, 17(2), 15-32. google scholar
  • Fida, Z. (2018). Central Asia’s Place in Turkey’s Foreign Policy. Policy Perspectives, 15(1), 113-125. https:// doi.org/10.13169/polipers.15.1.0113. google scholar
  • Gawliczek, P. & Iskandarov, K. (2023). The Zangezur corridor as part of the global transport route (against the backdrop of power games in the South Caucasus region). Security and Defence Quarterly, 41(1), 36-53. google scholar
  • Gök, A. (2022). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı ve Dağlık Karabağ Zaferinin Yarattığı Fırsatlar [Organization of Turkic States and the Opportunities Created by the Nagorno-Karabakh Victory]. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, (Special Issue), 109-145. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1093710. google scholar
  • Gökçelik, Ş. B. (2022, January 27). Orta Asya’da Nüfuz Yarışı [Race for Influence in Central Asia]. Retrieved from https://avim.org.tr/tr/Yorum/ORTA-ASYA-DA-NUFUZ-YARISI. google scholar
  • Göl, A. (2009). The Identity of Turkey: Muslim and Secular. Third World Quarterly, 30(4), 795-811. https://doi. org/10.1080/01436590902867383. google scholar
  • Hale, W. (2013). Turkish Foreign Policy Since 1774. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Idrissov, E. (2015). The Turkic Council: Engine of Turkic Integration. In Mammadyarov, E., Center For Strategic Research (SAM), & Turkic Council (Eds), Fifth Summit of the Turkic Council: A Rising Actor in Regional Cooperation in Eurasia (pp. 11-14). Center for Strategic Research (SAM). google scholar
  • International Turkic Academy. (2023). Akademi Hakkında [About Academy). Retrieved from https://www. twesco.org/page/about. google scholar
  • Jafarova, N. (2023, May 25). The rise of the Middle Corridor. FRONTIERVIEW. Retrieved from https:// frontierview.com/insights/the-rise-of-the-middle-corridor/. google scholar
  • Karatayev, M. & and Clarke, M. L. (2014). Current energy resources in Kazakhstan and the future potential of renewables: A review. Energy Procedia, 59, 97-104. google scholar
  • Kaseinov, D. (2015). TURKSOY: The global actor of cultural cooperation in the Turkic world. In Mammadyarov, E., Center For Strategic Research (SAM), & Turkic Council (Eds), Fifth Summit of the Turkic Council: A Rising Actor in Regional Cooperation in Eurasia (pp. 19-25). Center for Strategic Research (SAM). google scholar
  • Kassen, M. (2018). Understanding Foreign Policy Strategies of Kazakhstan: A Case Study of the Landlocked and Transcontinental Country. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 31(3-4), 314-343. google scholar
  • Kaya, E. (2022, December 28). Kyrgyzstan’s Policy of Becoming a Center in Corridors and Reaching the Seas. ANKASAM. Retrieved from https://www.ankasam.org/kyrgyzstans-policy-of-becoming-a-center-in-corridors-and-reaching-the-seas/?lang=en. google scholar
  • Kaya, E. (2022, October 12). Turkmenistan’s Full Membership to the Organization of Turkic States. ANKASAM. Retrieved from https://www.ankasam.org/turkmenistans-full-membership-to-the-organization-of-turkic-states/?lang=en. google scholar
  • Kayani, F. N. (2021). Role of foreign remittances in poverty reduction: A case of poverty-ridden Kyrgyzstan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 15(3). 545-558. google scholar
  • Kun.uz. (2022, November 09). O‘zbekistonning Turkiy Davlatlar Tashkiloti Doirasida Ilgari Surgan O‘nlab Tashabbuslari Ro‘yobga Chiqmoqda [Dozens of Uzbekistan’s Earlier Initiatives Within the Organization of Turkic States Are Realizing]. Retrieved from https://kun.uz/uz/news/2022/11/09/ozbekistonning-turkiy-davlatlar-tashkiloti-doirasida-ilgari-surgan-onlab-tashabbuslari-royobga-chiqmoqda. google scholar
  • Kydyralı, D. (2019). Ten Years of Turkic Academy: Activities, Achievements and Lessons. Turkic Council, 49-58. google scholar
  • Laruelle, M. & Peyrouse, S. (2013). Globalizing Central Asia: Geopolitics and Challenges of Economic Development. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • McDermott, R. (2006). Kazakhstan Claims Regional Leadership Role. Eurasia Daily Monitor, 3(17). Retrieved from https://jamestown.org/program/kazakhstan-claims-regional-leadership-role/. google scholar
  • Nakhle, C. (2023, June 2). Kazakhstan and the EU: Common interest in energy security. Retrieved from https:// www.gisreportsonline.com/r/eu-energy-security/. google scholar
  • Nazarbayev, N. (1997). Yüzyılların Kavşağında [Ğasırlar Toğısında] (B. Muhyaeva, Trans.). Ankara: Bilig Yayınları. google scholar
  • Ormanova, S. (2016). Restoration of Relations Between Kazakhstan and Turkey: International and Legal Basis. II. Türk Hukuku Tarihi Kongresi Bildirileri, 627-632. https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2. ashx?f=restoration-of-relations-between-kazakhstan-and-turkey-international-and-legal-basis_sholpan-ormanova.pdf. google scholar
  • Otaxonov, F. (2022, November 09). Turkiy Davlatlar Tashkiloti: Kecha va Bugun [Organization of Turkic States: Yesterday and Today]. Xalk So’zi. https://xs.uz/uz/post/turkij-davlatlar-tashkiloti-kecha-va-bugun. google scholar
  • OTS. (2021A). Turkic World Vision - 2040. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/assets/pdf/haberler/turkic-world-vision-2040-2396-97.pdf. google scholar
  • OTS. (2021B, March 31). Turkistan Declaration of the Informal Summit of the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/temel-belgeler. google scholar
  • OTS. (2021C, June 29). Turkic Council Secretary General attended Gala Concert dedicated to proclamation of Kokand city, Uzbekistan as “Turkic World Tourism Capital”. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/en/ haberler/turkic-council-secretary-general-attended-gala-concert-dedicated-to-proclamation-of-kokand-city-uzbekistan-as-turkic-world-tourism-capital_2282. google scholar
  • OTS. (2021D, December 12). Host Country Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States Regarding the Secretariat of the Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/assets/dokuman/ HostCountryAgreementbtwnGovernmntandSecretariat.pdf. google scholar
  • OTS. (2022A, January 28). Statement by the Secretary General of the Organization of Turkic States on the situation at the Kyrgyz-Tajik state border. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/haberler/ statement-by-the-secretary-general-of-the-organization-of-turkic-states-on-the-situation-at-the-kyrgyz-tajik-state-border_2444. google scholar
  • OTS. (2022B, July 05). First Turkic Agro-Forum Held in Tashkent. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/en/ haberler/first-turkic-agro-forum-held-in-tashkent_2580. google scholar OTS. (2023A). History of Organization. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/organizasyon-tarihcesi. google scholar
  • OTS. (2023B). Presidental Summits. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/zirveler. google scholar
  • OTS. (2023C). Turkic Academy. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/en/iliskili-kurumlar/turkic-academy_1. google scholar
  • OTS. (2023D). Key Documents. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/temel-belgeler. google scholar
  • OTS. (2023E). Areas of Cooperation. Retrieved from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/isbirligi-alanlari#1-political-cooperation. google scholar
  • OTS. (2023F). Turkic Culture and Heritage Foundation. Retrieved from https://turkicstates.org/en/iliskili-kurumlar/turkic-culture-and-heritage-foundation_5. google scholar
  • Özsoy, B. (2023). Türk Dünyası Söylemi İçinde Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı’nın Rolü ve Önemi [The Role and Importance of the Organization of Turkic States in the Discourse of the Turkic World], Anasay, 7 (25), 40-55. google scholar
  • Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic States. (2023). About TURKPA. Retrieved from https://www.turk-pa.org/ en/about. google scholar
  • Pavlovic, Z & Gritzner, C. F. (2003). Kazakhstan. New York: Infobase Publishing. google scholar
  • Purtaş, F. (2017). Cultural Diplomacy Initiatives of Turkic Republics. Perceptions, 22(1), 91-114. google scholar
  • Rakhimov, S. A. (2023). Uzbekistan and the Organization of Turkic States: Main Vectors of Cooperation. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(1), 402406. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v10i1.4411. google scholar
  • RFE. (2022, November 03). Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan Sign Accord On Joint Management Of Disputed Water Reservoir. RFE/RL. Retrieved from https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-uzbekistan-accord-reservoir/32114209.html. google scholar
  • Samar, K. & Ademoğlu, Y. (2022, November 11). Rusya’nın Orta Asya’da nüfuzu azalıyor mu, Türkiye’nin adımları jeopolitik dengeleri nasıl etkiler? [Is Russia’s influence decreasing in Central Asia? How will Turkey’s steps affect the geopolitical balances?]. Retrieved from https://tr.euronews.com/2022/11/11/ rusyanin-orta-asyada-nufuzu-azaliyor-mu-turkiyenin-adimlari-jeopolitik-dengeleri-nasil-etk. google scholar
  • Sanchez, A. W. (2020). A Rising Global Player: Kazakhstan’s Foreign Policy in the 2020s. Wilson Centre: Kennan Publication, 51. Retrieved from https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/ documents/KI_200514_cable%2051_v1.pdf. google scholar
  • Sapmaz, A. (2008). Rusya’nın Transkafkasya Politikası ve Türkiye’ye Etkileri [Russia’s Transcaucasus Policy and Its Effects on Turkey]. İstanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat. google scholar
  • Sarı, B. (2022). Anarşik Uluslararası Sistemde Türk Dünyası Güvenlik Topluluğu Potansiyeli: Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı [The Potential of the Turkic World Security Community in the Anarchic International System: Organization of Turkic States]. Kriter Dergi, 7(73). Retrieved from https://kriterdergi.com/dosya-turk-devletleri-teskilati/anarsik-uluslararasi-sistemde-turk-dunyasi-guvenlik-toplulugu-potansiyeli-turk-devletleri-teskilati. google scholar
  • Sarıkaya, Y. (2021). Türki Cumhuriyetler’den Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı’na 30 Yılın Muhasebesi [Accounting of 30 Years from Turkic Republics to Organization of Turkic States]. Türk Akademisi Siyasi Sosyal Stratejik Araştırmalar Vakfı (TASAV), 38. Retrieved from https://www.tasav.org/media/k2/attachments/DPA_D_38_ TDT-30_Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1n_Muhasebesi_20.12.2021.pdf. google scholar
  • Sobirov, J. (2020). Participation of Uzbekistan in The Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States. Scientific Collection (INTERCONF), 3(39), 726-730. google scholar
  • Sputnik Türkiye, (2021, November 26). Aksakallılar Konseyi Başkanı Yıldırım: Rusya ve Çin Türk Devletleri google scholar
  • Teşkilatı’nın doğal üyesidir [Council of Elders President Yıldırım: Russia and China are natural members of the Organization of Turkic States]. Sputnik. Retrieved from https://sputniknews.com.tr/20211126/ aksakallilar-konseyi-baskani-yildirim-rusya-ve-cin-turk-devletleri-teskilatinin-dogal-uyesidir-1051186836. html. google scholar
  • Szumski, C. (2022, June 17). Kazakhstan key ‘Middle Corridor’ linking China to EU. EURACTIV. Retrieved from https://www.euractiv.com/section/central-asia/news/kazakhstan-key-middle-corridor-linking-china-to-eu/. google scholar
  • Şimşek, P. (2023). Ana Dili Kazak Türkçesi Olan Öğrencilerin Türkçe Öğrenim Sürecinde Yazma Becerileri Sorunları [Writing Skills Problems of Students Whose Native Language is Kazakh Turkish in the Process of Learning Turkish]. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim (TEKE) Dergisi, 12(1), 239-252. google scholar
  • Tekir, G. (2023). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatının Yeni-İşlevselcilik ve Devletlerarasıcılık Teorileri Bağlamına Değerlendirilmesi [The Evaluation of Organization of Turkic States In Terms of Neo-Functionalism and Intergovernmentalism]. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(2), 1084-1097. google scholar
  • TİKA. (2023). About Us. Retrieved from https://www.tika.gov.tr/en/page/about_us-14650. google scholar
  • Toktogulov, B. (2022). Uzbekistan’s Foreign Policy Under Mirziyoyev: Change or Continuity?. Eurasian Research Journal, 4(1), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2022.1-03. google scholar
  • Toprak, N. G. (2020). Orta Koridor Girişimi Bağlamında Türkiye’nin Değişen Orta Asya Politikası [Turkey’s Changing Central Asia Policy Within the Context of the Middle Corridor Initiative]. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (AEÜSBED), 6(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.634990. google scholar
  • Topsakal, İ., & Zengin, A. K. (2021). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı: Siyasi, Ekonomik ve Kültürel Çıktılar [Organization of Turkic States: Political, Economic and Cultural Outputs]. Kriter Dergi, 6 (23). Retrieved from https://kriterdergi.com/dis-politika/turk-devletleri-teskilati-siyasi-ekonomik-ve-kulturel-ciktilar. google scholar
  • Tosun, E. (2020). Türk Dili Konuşan Ülkeler İşbirliği Konseyi (Türk Keneşi) [The Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking Countries (Turkish Council)]. History Reviews, Autumn, 21-25. google scholar
  • Tulyakov, E. (2022, February 07). Five Years with Action Strategy: Result of the Reforms. Retrieved from https://strategy.uz/index.php?news=1478&lang=en. google scholar
  • Turkic Council. (2019, May 24). Statement on Granting the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Elbasy, H.E Nursultan Nazarbayev, the Status of the Life-Time Honorary President of the Turkic Council. Retrieved from https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/statement-on-granting-the-first-president-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-elbasy-he-nursultan-nazarbayev-the-status-of-the-life-time-honorary-president-of-the-turkic-council_1830. google scholar
  • TURKSOY. (2023). History. Retrieved from https://www.turksoy.org/en-US/history. google scholar
  • Ulutaş, U., & Tanrısever, O. F. (2019). The Turkic Council on the 10th Anniversary of the Nakhchivan Agreement: A View from Turkey. Turkic Council, 112-125. google scholar
  • UZA (2021, January 08). The President of Uzbekistan Proposes to Annually Award the Alisher Navoi International Prize. O’zbekiston Milliy Axborat Agentligi. Retrieved from https://uza.uz/ tr/posts/the-president-of-uzbekistan-proposes-to-annually-award-the-alisher-navoi-international-prize_424664?q=%2Fposts%2Fthe-president-of-uzbekistan-proposes-to-annually-award-the-alisher-navoi-international-prize_424664. google scholar
  • World Bank. (2023A). Country Profile: Turkey. Retrieved from https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/ TUR. google scholar
  • World Bank. (2023B). Country Profile: Kazakhstan. Retrieved from https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/ en/KAZ. google scholar
  • Yalçın, A. Z. & Doğan, M. (2023). Enerjide Dışa Bağımlılık Sorunu: Türkiye İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz [The Problem of External Dependence in Energy: An Empirical Analysis for Turkey]. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 30(2), 203-223. google scholar
  • Yalçınkaya, A. (2012). TRACECA as a Eurasian Organization. In 6th Silk Road International Conference Globalization and Security in Black and Caspian Seas Regions (pp. 34-42). Tbilisi-Batumi, Georgia. google scholar
  • Yalçınkaya, A. (2019). Avrasyacı Bölgeselleşme Girişimleri: KEİ, AEB, ŞİO [Eurosianist Regionalism Initiatives: BSEC, EEU, SCO]. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies, 7, 85-100. google scholar
  • Yalçınkaya, A. & Güzel, M. (2021). Bölgeselleşme Örnekleri Olarak TRACECA, Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği, Yeni İpek Yolu ve Kuşak-Yol, Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi (IJAR), 6(12), 100-124. google scholar
  • Yesevi, Ç. G. (2022). Examining the Organization of Turkic States: A Teacher and Norm-Creator. Perceptions, XXVII (1), p. 2-25. google scholar
  • Yıldırım, C., Tuğluoğlu, F., Gökçe, M., & Okumuş, O. (2021). 20. Yüzyılda Türkiye-Türk Dünyası İlişkileri [Türkiye-Turkic World Relations in the 20th Century]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. google scholar
  • Yiğitgüden, H. Y. (2023). Bakü-Tiflis-Ceyhan Boru Hattının Yaşanan Tarihi [The Witnessed History of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline]. Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Yüce, M. (2021). Bağımsızlıklarının 30.yılında Türkiye-Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri İlişkileri [Relations between Türkiye-Central Asian Turkic Republics on the 30th Anniversary of their Independence]. Kriter Dergi, 6(62). Retrieved from https://kriterdergi.com/dosya-turk-dunyasi/bagimsizliklarinin-30-yilinda-turkiye-orta-asya-turk-cumhuriyetleri-iliskileri. google scholar
  • Yüce, M. (2022). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatına Üye Ülkeler Arasında İkili İlişkilere Bakış [Overview of Bilateral Relations Between Member States of the Organization of Turkic States]. Kriter Dergi, 7(73). Retrieved from https://kriterdergi.com/dosya-turk-devletleri-teskilati/turk-devletleri-teskilatina-uye-ulkeler-arasinda-ikili-iliskilere-bakis. google scholar
  • Zengin, A. K. (2021). Central Asian Security and Kazakhstan’s Regional Leadership Status. The Proceeding Bulletin MILF (%ddHXAEAPmbICbI), 3(47), 75-80. google scholar
There are 102 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Merve Erkan Aydın 0009-0007-3669-3821

Yi Liu 0009-0003-5079-5710

Publication Date April 19, 2024
Submission Date September 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 33 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Erkan Aydın, M., & Liu, Y. (2024). Organization of Turkic States: Diverse Motivations For A Common Aim. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, 33(1), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2024.33.1363769