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Relational Epistemology in the Social Sciences: Pierre Bourdieu’s Epistemological Legacy

Yıl 2024, , 1 - 18, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.25306/skad.1358819

Öz

The distinction between subjectivist and objectivist approaches has persisted as a fundamental dichotomy in sociological theory for many years. Pierre Bourdieu’s epistemological sociology challenges these opposing approaches and aims to overcome the artificial dichotomies that have long plagued the social sciences. In this article, we argue that Bourdieu opens a third epistemological path, effectively ending the conflict between objectivism and subjectivism that has divided the social sciences into two poles. To achieve this, we explore the influence of the French historical epistemological tradition on Bourdieu's sociological production, emphasizing the importance of recognizing this tradition in shaping Bourdieu’s sociological theory. After clarifying the basic epistemological principles that scientifically grounded sociological studies should follow, we delve into Bourdieu’s critique of subjectivism and objectivism. Finally, we emphasize the importance and potential of adopting Bourdieu’s relational epistemology, which he proposes to do away with essentialist thinking.

Kaynakça

  • Bachelard, G. (1966). Le rationalisme appliqué (3rd ed.). Paris: Presses Universitaire de France.
  • Becker, H. S. (1998). Tricks of the Trade How to Think about Your Research While You’re Doing It. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Bonnewitz, P. (2002). Premières leçons sur la sociologie de Pierre Bourdieu (2nd ed.). Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1968). Structuralism and Theory of Sociological Knowledge. Social Research, 35(4, Focus—Conservative Approaches in the Human Sciences (Winter)), 681–706.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1970). La maison kabyle ou le monde renversé. In J. Pouillon & P. Maranda (Eds.), Echanges et communication: Mélanges offerts à Claude Lévi-Strauss, Tome II (1st ed., pp. 739–758). Paris: Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111698281-002
  • Bourdieu, P. (1972). Les stratégies matrimoniales dans le système de reproduction. Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 4–5(27), 1105–1127. https://doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1972.422586
  • Bourdieu, P. (1973). The Three Forms of Theoretical Knowledge. Social Science Information, 12(1), 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847301200103
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judagement of Taste (R. Nice, trans.). Harvard University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1987). What Makes a Social Class? On The Theoretical and Practical Existence Of Groups. Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 32, 1–17.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1988). Vive la Crise!: For Heterodoxy in Social Science. Theory and Society, 17(5), 773–787.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social Space and Symbolic Power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.2307/202060
  • Bourdieu, P. (1990). In Other Words: Essays Towards a Reflexive Sociology (1st ed.; M. Adamson, trans.). Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1992). The Logic of Practice (1st ed.; R. Nice, trans.). Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1993). Sociology in Question (R. Nice, trans.). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.2307/3317467
  • Bourdieu, P. (1996). The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power (L. C. Clough, trans.). Polity Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1998). Pratical Reason: On the Theory of Action. Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2000). Esquisse d’une théorie de la pratique. Précédé de «Trois études d’ethnologie kabyle». Éditions du Seuil.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2002). Les conditions sociales de la circulation internationale des idées. Actes de La Recherche En Sciences Sociales, 145(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.sapir.2009.01.0027
  • Bourdieu, P. (2008). Sketch for a Self-Analysis (R. Nice, trans.). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2014). On the state: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1989-1992 (D. Fernbach, trans.). Polity Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2017). Anthropologie économique: Cours au Collège de France (1992-1993). Raisons d’agir / Éditions du Seuil.
  • Bourdieu, P., Boltanski, L., Castel, R., Chamboredon, J. C. & Schnapper, D. (1990). Photography: A Middle-brow Art (1st ed.; S. Whiteside, trans.). Polity Press.
  • Bourdieu, P., Chamboredon, J. C. & Passeron, J.-C. (1991). The Craft of Sociology: Epistemological Preliminaries (R. Nice, trans.). Walter de Gruyter.
  • Bourdieu, P. & Chartier, R. (2015). The Sociologist and the Historian (D. Fernbach, trans.). Polity Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. & Krais, B. (1991). “Meanwhile, I have come to know all the diseases of sociological understanding”: An interview with Pierre Bourdieu. In The Craft of Sociology. Walter de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110856460.247
  • Bourdieu, P. & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1992). An Invitation of Reflexive Sociology. Polity Press.
  • Braz, A. (2017). Bourdieu. Ellipses Édition.
  • Calhoun, C. (2010). Bourdieu Sosyolojisinin Anahatları. In G. Çeğin, E. Göker, A. Arlı & Ü. Tatlıcan (Eds.), Ocak ve Zanaat: Pierre Bourdieu Derlemesi (2nd ed., pp. 77–129). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Cassirer, E. (1953). Substance and Function and Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (W. C. Swabey & M. C. Swabey, trans.). Dover Publications. Durkheim, É. (1979). The Rules of Sociological Method And selected texts on sociology and its method (W. D. Halls, trans.). The Macmillan Press.
  • Durkheim, É. (2005). Suicide: A study in sociology (A. Spaulding & G. Simpson, trans.). Routledge.
  • Emirbayer, M. (1997). Manifesto for a Relational Sociology. American Journal of Sociology, 103(2), 281–317. https://doi.org/10.1086/231209
  • Girling, J. (2004). Social Movements and Symbolic Power: Radicalism, Reform and the Trial of Democracy in France (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Jourdain, A. & Naulin, S. (2016). Pierre Bourdieu’nün Kuramı ve Sosyolojik Kullanımları (1st ed.; Öykü Elitez, trans.). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Marx, K. (1904). A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (N. I. Stone, trans.). Charles H. Kerr & Company.
  • Mounier, P. (2001). Pierre Bourdieu, une introduction (1st ed.). Pocket.
  • Robbins, D. (2003). Durkheim Through the Eyes of Bourdieu. Durkheimian Studies, 9(1), 23–39.
  • Sartre, J. P. (2003). Being and Nothingness (H. E. Barnes, trans.). Routledge.
  • Sartre, J. P. (2007). Existentialism Is a Humanism (C. Macomber, trans.). Yale University Press.
  • Swartz, D. (1997). Culture and Power: The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Ünsaldı, L. & Ural, H. (2015). Bütüncül Bir Çalışma ve Zihin Pratiği Olarak Bourdieu’den “Parçalı” Bourdieu’lere: Pierre Bourdieu Sosyolojisinin Fransa’daki Yeri ve Uluslararası Dolaşımı Üzerine. Modus Operandi: İlişkisel Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (1), 193–226.
  • Webb, J., Schirato, T. & Danaher, G. (2002). Understanding Bourdieu (1st ed.). Crows Nest, Allen & Unwin.

Sosyal Bilimlerde İlişkisel Epistemoloji: Pierre Bourdieu’nün Epistemolojik Mirası

Yıl 2024, , 1 - 18, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.25306/skad.1358819

Öz

Öznelci ve nesnelci yaklaşımlar arasındaki ayrım, temel bir ikilik olarak sosyolojik teorideki varlığını uzun yıllar sürdürmüştür. Pierre Bourdieu’nün epistemolojik sosyolojisi, birbirine karşıt bu yaklaşımlara meydan okuyarak, sosyal bilimlere uzun süredir musallat olmuş bu yapay ikilikleri aşmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu makalede Bourdieu’nün sosyal bilimleri deyim yerindeyse iki ayrı kutba bölen, nesnelcilik-öznelcilik çatışmasını nihayete erdiren üçüncü bir epistemolojik yol açtığını öne sürüyoruz. Bu doğrultuda, Fransız tarihsel epistemoloji geleneğinin Bourdieu’nün sosyolojik üretimi üzerindeki etkilerini tespit etmeye çalışıyor ve Bourdieu’nün sosyolojik teorisine yön veren temel epistemolojik unsurları anlamanın, Bourdieu’nün sosyal bilimlere aktarmaya çalıştığı bu geleneği tanımayı şart koştuğunu iddia ediyoruz. Bourdieu’den hareketle, bilimsel olarak temellendirilmiş sosyolojik çalışmaların izlemesi gereken temel epistemolojik ilkeleri açıklığa kavuşturduktan sonra, Fransız sosyoloğun öznelcilik ve nesnelcilik eleştirisinin ana hatlarına odaklanıyoruz. Son olarak, yine Bourdieu üzerinden, tözcü düşünceyi bertaraf etmek için ilişkisel bir epistemolojiyi benimsemenin önemine ve potansiyeline dikkat çekiyoruz.

Kaynakça

  • Bachelard, G. (1966). Le rationalisme appliqué (3rd ed.). Paris: Presses Universitaire de France.
  • Becker, H. S. (1998). Tricks of the Trade How to Think about Your Research While You’re Doing It. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Bonnewitz, P. (2002). Premières leçons sur la sociologie de Pierre Bourdieu (2nd ed.). Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1968). Structuralism and Theory of Sociological Knowledge. Social Research, 35(4, Focus—Conservative Approaches in the Human Sciences (Winter)), 681–706.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1970). La maison kabyle ou le monde renversé. In J. Pouillon & P. Maranda (Eds.), Echanges et communication: Mélanges offerts à Claude Lévi-Strauss, Tome II (1st ed., pp. 739–758). Paris: Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111698281-002
  • Bourdieu, P. (1972). Les stratégies matrimoniales dans le système de reproduction. Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 4–5(27), 1105–1127. https://doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1972.422586
  • Bourdieu, P. (1973). The Three Forms of Theoretical Knowledge. Social Science Information, 12(1), 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847301200103
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judagement of Taste (R. Nice, trans.). Harvard University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1987). What Makes a Social Class? On The Theoretical and Practical Existence Of Groups. Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 32, 1–17.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1988). Vive la Crise!: For Heterodoxy in Social Science. Theory and Society, 17(5), 773–787.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social Space and Symbolic Power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.2307/202060
  • Bourdieu, P. (1990). In Other Words: Essays Towards a Reflexive Sociology (1st ed.; M. Adamson, trans.). Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1992). The Logic of Practice (1st ed.; R. Nice, trans.). Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1993). Sociology in Question (R. Nice, trans.). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.2307/3317467
  • Bourdieu, P. (1996). The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power (L. C. Clough, trans.). Polity Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1998). Pratical Reason: On the Theory of Action. Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2000). Esquisse d’une théorie de la pratique. Précédé de «Trois études d’ethnologie kabyle». Éditions du Seuil.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2002). Les conditions sociales de la circulation internationale des idées. Actes de La Recherche En Sciences Sociales, 145(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.sapir.2009.01.0027
  • Bourdieu, P. (2008). Sketch for a Self-Analysis (R. Nice, trans.). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2014). On the state: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1989-1992 (D. Fernbach, trans.). Polity Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2017). Anthropologie économique: Cours au Collège de France (1992-1993). Raisons d’agir / Éditions du Seuil.
  • Bourdieu, P., Boltanski, L., Castel, R., Chamboredon, J. C. & Schnapper, D. (1990). Photography: A Middle-brow Art (1st ed.; S. Whiteside, trans.). Polity Press.
  • Bourdieu, P., Chamboredon, J. C. & Passeron, J.-C. (1991). The Craft of Sociology: Epistemological Preliminaries (R. Nice, trans.). Walter de Gruyter.
  • Bourdieu, P. & Chartier, R. (2015). The Sociologist and the Historian (D. Fernbach, trans.). Polity Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. & Krais, B. (1991). “Meanwhile, I have come to know all the diseases of sociological understanding”: An interview with Pierre Bourdieu. In The Craft of Sociology. Walter de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110856460.247
  • Bourdieu, P. & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1992). An Invitation of Reflexive Sociology. Polity Press.
  • Braz, A. (2017). Bourdieu. Ellipses Édition.
  • Calhoun, C. (2010). Bourdieu Sosyolojisinin Anahatları. In G. Çeğin, E. Göker, A. Arlı & Ü. Tatlıcan (Eds.), Ocak ve Zanaat: Pierre Bourdieu Derlemesi (2nd ed., pp. 77–129). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Cassirer, E. (1953). Substance and Function and Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (W. C. Swabey & M. C. Swabey, trans.). Dover Publications. Durkheim, É. (1979). The Rules of Sociological Method And selected texts on sociology and its method (W. D. Halls, trans.). The Macmillan Press.
  • Durkheim, É. (2005). Suicide: A study in sociology (A. Spaulding & G. Simpson, trans.). Routledge.
  • Emirbayer, M. (1997). Manifesto for a Relational Sociology. American Journal of Sociology, 103(2), 281–317. https://doi.org/10.1086/231209
  • Girling, J. (2004). Social Movements and Symbolic Power: Radicalism, Reform and the Trial of Democracy in France (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Jourdain, A. & Naulin, S. (2016). Pierre Bourdieu’nün Kuramı ve Sosyolojik Kullanımları (1st ed.; Öykü Elitez, trans.). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Marx, K. (1904). A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (N. I. Stone, trans.). Charles H. Kerr & Company.
  • Mounier, P. (2001). Pierre Bourdieu, une introduction (1st ed.). Pocket.
  • Robbins, D. (2003). Durkheim Through the Eyes of Bourdieu. Durkheimian Studies, 9(1), 23–39.
  • Sartre, J. P. (2003). Being and Nothingness (H. E. Barnes, trans.). Routledge.
  • Sartre, J. P. (2007). Existentialism Is a Humanism (C. Macomber, trans.). Yale University Press.
  • Swartz, D. (1997). Culture and Power: The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Ünsaldı, L. & Ural, H. (2015). Bütüncül Bir Çalışma ve Zihin Pratiği Olarak Bourdieu’den “Parçalı” Bourdieu’lere: Pierre Bourdieu Sosyolojisinin Fransa’daki Yeri ve Uluslararası Dolaşımı Üzerine. Modus Operandi: İlişkisel Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (1), 193–226.
  • Webb, J., Schirato, T. & Danaher, G. (2002). Understanding Bourdieu (1st ed.). Crows Nest, Allen & Unwin.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bilgi ve Bilim Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gürhan Özpolat 0000-0002-1404-2063

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Haziran 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Özpolat, G. (2024). Relational Epistemology in the Social Sciences: Pierre Bourdieu’s Epistemological Legacy. Sosyal Ve Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi (SKAD), 10(20), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.25306/skad.1358819

31040

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