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Çifte Ayrımcılık: Türkiye'deki Suriyeli ve Ukraynalı Göçmen Girişimcilerin İş İlanlarına Yönelik Tutumlar

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 315 - 342, 28.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1506325

Abstract

Bu çalışma vignette (kısa hikaye) deney yöntemi kullanarak göçmen girişimcilere karşı ayrımcı tutumları incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, etnik kökene dayalı önyargıların, göçmen girişimcilerin işe ilanlarına başvuru niyetlerini nasıl etkilediğini, özellikle Suriyeli ve Ukraynalı girişimcileri Türk girişimcilerle karşılaştırarak değerlendirmektir. Araştırmanın hedefleri arasında; Göçmen girişimcilere karşı ayrımcı uygulamaların, göçmen işçilere karşı yaşananlardan farklı olup olmadığını belirlemek; Türkiye’de göçmen girişimcilere karşı ayrımcılığın varlığını ve doğasını keşfetmek, bu ayrımcılığın tercih temelli ve/veya istatistiksel temelli olmasını incelemek; Orta Doğu (Suriye) ve Avrupa (Ukrayna) kökenli girişimciler arasında potansiyel çifte ayrımcılığı araştırmak; İş ilanlarında girişimcinin etnik kökenine ilişkin ipuçlarının yer almasının başvurucunun başvuru niyetini doğrudan etkileyip etkilemediğini analiz etmek. Elde edilen bulgular, göçmen girişimcilerin önemli bir ayrımcılığa maruz kaldığını, Suriyeli girişimcilerin Ukraynalılara kıyasla daha fazla önyargı ile karşılaştığını, bunun nedeninin jeopolitik ve kültürel faktörlere dayandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, göçmen çalışanların karşılaştıkları ayrımcılığı araştıran önceki çalışmalardan farklılaşarak, göçmen girişimcilerin iş ilanlarına karşı potansiyel başvurucuların tutumlarını inceleyerek ayrımcılık araştırmalarına yeni bir perspektif sunmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, göçmen girişimcileri desteklemek ve Türk ekonomisine katılımlarını artırmak için kapsayıcı politika ve uygulamaların gerektiği, daha adil ve katılımcı bir girişimcilik ortamına ihtiyaç olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

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Double Discrimination: Attitudes toward Syrian and Ukrainian Immigrant Entrepreneurs' Job Postings in Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 315 - 342, 28.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1506325

Abstract

This study uses a vignette experiment to examine the discriminatory attitudes towards immigrant entrepreneurs. The aim is to assess how biases based on ethnicity affect the job application intentions directed towards immigrant entrepreneurs, specifically comparing those from Syria and Ukraine with their Turkish counterparts. The research addresses several objectives: to determine whether discriminatory practices against immigrant entrepreneurs differ from those faced by immigrant workers; to explore the presence and nature of discrimination against immigrant entrepreneurs in Türkiye, including taste-based and statistical forms of discrimination; to investigate potential double discrimination between entrepreneurs of Middle Eastern (Syria) and European (Ukraine) origins; and to analyze whether ethnic cues in job advertisements influence job application intentions. Findings reveal that immigrant entrepreneurs experience significant discrimination, with Syrian entrepreneurs facing more bias compared to Ukrainians, influenced by geopolitical and cultural factors. This study offers a new perspective by examining how potential applicants respond to job advertisements from immigrant entrepreneurs, differing from previous research on discrimination faced by immigrant workers. The results highlight the need for inclusive policies and practices to support immigrant entrepreneurs and enhance their participation in the Turkish economy, contributing to a more equitable and diverse entrepreneurial landscape.

Ethical Statement

The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by Aksaray University - Human Research Ethics Committee No. 2023/06-29, approval date: 23 October 2023.

References

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  • Auer, D., & Ruedin, D. (2019). Who feels disadvantaged? Reporting discrimination in surveys. In I. Steiner, & P. Wanner (Eds.), Migrants and expats: The Swiss migration and mobility nexus (pp. 221-242). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05671-1_9
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  • Baert, S., & Pauw, A. D. (2014). Is ethnic discrimination due to distaste or statistics?. Economics Letters, 125(2), 270-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2014.09.020
  • Baert, S., Cockx, B., Gheyle, N., & Vandamme, C. (2015). Is there less discrimination in occupations where recruitment is difficult?. ILR Review, 68(3), 467-500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793915570873
  • Barth, H., & Zalkat, G. (2020). Immigrant entrepreneurship in Sweden: The liability of newness. Sustainability, 12(16), 6478. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166478
  • Bartolucci, C. (2014). Understanding the native–immigrant wage gap using matched employer-employee data. ILR Review, 67(4), 1166-1202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793914546300
  • Becker, G. S. (1957). The economics of discrimination. University of Chicago Press.
  • Binggeli, S., Dietz, J., & Krings, F. (2013). Immigrants: A forgotten minority. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 6(1), 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/iops.12019
  • Birkelund, G. E., Johannessen, L. E., Rasmussen, E. B., & Rogstad, J. (2020). Experience, stereotypes and discrimination. Employers’ reflections on their hiring behavior. European Societies, 22(4), 503-524. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1775273
  • Brieger, S. A., & Gielnik, M. M. (2020). Understanding the gender gap in immigrant entrepreneurship: A multi-country study of immigrants’ embeddedness in economic, social, and institutional contexts. Small Business Economics, 56, 1007-1031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00314-x
  • Bryson, A., & Chevalier, A. (2014). What happens when employers are free to discriminate? Evidence from the English barclays premier fantasy football league. IZA Discussion Paper No. 8177. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2441473
  • Brzozowski, J., & Cucculelli, M. (2020). Transnational ties and performance of immigrant firms: Evidence from central Italy. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 26(8), 1787-1806. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-10-2019-0582
  • Busetta, G., Campolo, M. G., & Panarello, D. (2020). The discrimination decomposition index: A new instrument to separate statistical and taste-based discrimination using first- and second-generation immigrants. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(12), 1577-1597. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijse-02-2020-0055
  • Cadenas, G. A., Cantú, E. A., Sosa, R., Carroll, S., Lynn, N., Suro, B., & Ruth, A. (2023). An educational program affirming immigrant entrepreneurship, critical consciousness, and cultural strengths. The Career Development Quarterly, 71(4), 284-299. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12335
  • Chidau, T., & Khosa, R. (2022). The interoperability of mobile phone technology as a way to improve immigrant entrepreneurship in South Africa. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 11(10), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i10.2086
  • Cooray, A., Marfouk, A., & Nazir, M. (2018). Public opinion and immigration: Who favours employment discrimination against immigrants?. International Migration, 56(6), 5-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12457
  • De Leon, R. P., & Rosette, A. S. (2022). “Invisible” discrimination: Divergent outcomes for the nonprototypicality of black women. Academy of Management Journal, 65(3), 784-812. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2020.1623
  • Derous, E., Pepermans, R., & Ryan, A. M. (2016). Ethnic discrimination during résumé screening: Interactive effects of applicants’ ethnic salience with job context. Human Relations, 70(7), 860-882. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726716676537
  • Dietz, J. (2010). Introduction to the special issue on employment discrimination against immigrants. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(2), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941011019320
  • Duan, C., Kotey, B., & Sandhu, K. (2021). The effects of cross-border e-commerce platforms on transnational digital entrepreneurship. Journal of Global Information Management, 30(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.4018/jgim.20220301.oa2
  • Eifler, S., & Petzold, K. (2019). Validity aspects of vignette experiments: Expected “what‐if” differences between reports of behavioral intentions and actual behavior. In P. Lavrakas, M. Traugott, C. Kennedy, A. Holbrook, E. de Leeuw, & B. West (Eds.), Experimental methods in survey research: Techniques that combine random sampling with random assignment (pp. 393-416). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119083771.ch20
  • Elgin, C., & Elveren, A. Y. (2024). Wage-productivity gap and discrimination against Syrian refugees: Evidence from Turkey. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1017/elr.2024.15
  • Enoksen, E. (2016). Perceived discrimination against immigrants in the workplace. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, 35(2), 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-07-2015-0058
  • Eraydin, A., Taşan-Kok, T., & Vranken, J. (2010). Diversity matters: Immigrant entrepreneurship and contribution of different forms of social integration in economic performance of cities. European Planning Studies, 18(4), 521-543. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654311003593556
  • Eren, M. V, Tutar, E., Tutar, F. K., & Erkan, Ç. (2012). The role of entrepreneurship in local economic growth: Example of Gaziantep. In S. Sarı, A. H. Gencer, B. Aşık, & A. Turdalieva (Eds.), International conference on Eurasian economies 2012 (pp. 369-373). Turan University Press. https://doi.org/10.36880/c03.00487
  • Fatoki, O. (2018). Work-life conflict of native and immigrant entrepreneurs in South Africa. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 10(4(J), 174-184. https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i4(j).2419
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
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There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Human Resources Management, Entrepreneurship
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Edib Ali Pehlivanlı 0000-0002-1196-998X

Publication Date October 28, 2024
Submission Date July 1, 2024
Acceptance Date August 8, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Pehlivanlı, E. A. (2024). Double Discrimination: Attitudes toward Syrian and Ukrainian Immigrant Entrepreneurs’ Job Postings in Türkiye. Sosyal Mucit Academic Review, 5(3), 315-342. https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1506325