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A Qualitative Research on Identifying the Exposure and Risk Perceptions of Healthcare Workers who are Diagnosed with COVID-19

Year 2022, , 712 - 720, 28.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.1073703

Abstract

Objective: In this study, it’s aimed to examine biological and psychosocial risk perceptions, and expectations of life after treatment of the healthcare personnel who were diagnosed as covid-19 positive while working at the pandemic hospital and resumed after their treatments.
Materials and Methods: In line with the purpose of the study, a case study method was adopted in the qualitative research approach. Among the purposive sampling methods, maximum diversity sampling is used for the sample of the study that is 13 healthcare workers working in different units and levels who have worked in the pandemic period. As the data collection tool, semi-structured form was used, and the data obtained through interview questions were transcribed word-by-word and analyzed using the content analysis technique using the Maxqda program.
Results : The most common theme during the pandemic is “worry” which is a subcode of “negative feelings” under the “psychological factors” theme and the second most common dimension is “family” code under the theme of “social factors”.
Conclusion: Even though some of the employees were working at the pandemic hospital, the belief that the risk of coronavirus infection was low to them was the most striking subject in the research process. This situation has been examined from the perspective of unrealistic optimism theory. It is explained by the assumption that information processing errors are made about the risks of the work or the tendency to deny the risk to reduce anxiety. Although the studies carried out in both aspects provide temporary relief for individuals, we think that the increase in this situation may reduce the behavior of taking measures against risks in individuals.

References

  • Bayrakdar F, Altaş AB, Korukluoğlu G, Topal S. Molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of the first MERS case in Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2015;49(3):414-422.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2 Enfeksiyonu) Genel Bilgiler, Epidemioloji ve Tanı. Türkiye, May 2020, https://covid19bilgi. saglik.gov.tr/tr/covid-19-rehberi.html
  • Ergün E, Ergün Ş, Çelebİ İ. Acil sağlık hizmetleri personellerinin COVID-19 hakkında bilgi, korunma düzeyleri ve etkileyen etmenler. J Paramedic Emergency Health Services. 2020; 1(1): 16- 17.
  • Gan WH, Lim JW, Koh D. Preventing Intra-hospital Infection and Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Health-care Workers. Saf Health Work. 2020;11(2):241-243.
  • Carayon P, Schoofs Hundt A, Karsh B, et al Work system design for patient safety: the SEIPS model, BMJ Quality & Safety 2006;15:i50-i58.
  • Aydemir İ. Analysıs Of System-Based Medıcal Errors In Healthcare Instıtutıons. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi.2018; 19 (4),665-681.
  • Yıldırım A, Şimşek H. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık; 2013
  • Creswell JW. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Bütün M, Demir SB, Çev. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, 2014.
  • Arastaman G, Öztürk Fidan İ, Fidan T. Nitel Araştırmada Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik: Kuramsal Bir İnceleme. YYUEFD. 2018; 15(1): 37-75.
  • Weinstein DN, Klein MW. Unrealistic Optimism: Present and Future. Journal of Social And Clinical Psychology, 1996; 15(1);1-8
  • Aypay A. The Theory of Unrealistic Optimism. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2008; 19-34.
  • Çelik H, Baykal NB, Memur H N. Qualitative Data Analysis and Fundamental Principles. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 2020; 8(1); 379-406.
  • Liu M, He P, Liu HG, et al. Clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers infected with new coronavirus pneumonia. Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, 2020;43(3):209-214.
  • Wang J, Zhou M, Liu F. Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. J Hosp Infect. 2020;105(1):100-101.
  • Ran L, Chen X, Wang Y, Wu W, Zhang L, Tan X. Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(16):2218-2221.
  • Y Bai, X Wang, Q Huang, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers: a retrospective analysis and a model study. medRxiv. 2020; 2020.03.29.20047159. Published 2020 Apr 01.
  • Romano MR, Montericcio A, Montalbano C, et al. Facing COVID-19 in Ophthalmology Department. Curr Eye Res. 2020;45(6):653-658.
  • Yu J, Ding N, Chen H, et al. Infection Control against COVID-19 in Departments of Radiology. Acad Radiol. 2020;27(5):614-617.
  • Barrett ES, Horton DB, Roy J, et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in previously undiagnosed health care workers at the onset of the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic. Preprint. medRxiv. 2020;2020.04.20.20072470. Published 2020 Apr 24.
  • Mhango M, Dzobo M, Chitungo I, Dzinamarira T. COVID-19 Risk Factors Among Health Workers: A Rapid Review. Saf Health Work. 2020;11(3):262-265.
  • Schwartz J, King CC, Yen MY. Protecting Healthcare Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Lessons From Taiwan's Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Response. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):858-860.

Covid-19 Tanılı Sağlık Çalışanlarının Maruziyet ve Risk Algılarının Belirlenmesine Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma

Year 2022, , 712 - 720, 28.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.1073703

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, pandemi hastanesinde görevli, covid-19 pozitif tanısı olan ve tedavi sonrası tekrar göreve başlayan sağlık çalışanlarının, biyolojik ve psikososyal risk algılarını ve tedavi sonrası yaşama dair beklentilerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yaklaşımında örnek olay yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemi, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemleri arasında, maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi ile pandemi sırasında görev almış farklı birim ve kademelerde görevli 13 sağlık çalışanıdır. Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış form kullanılmış ve yüz yüze görüşme sorularından elde edilen veriler, kelimesi kelimesine transkripte edilerek Maxqda Programı kullanılarak içerik analizi tekniği ile incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Pandemi sürecinde en sık geçen temanın “psikolojik faktörler” teması altında “olumsuz duygular” alt kodu olan “kaygı”, ikinci en sık geçen boyutun “sosyal faktörler” teması altında “aile” kodu olduğu görülmektedir.
Sonuç: Araştırma sürecinde en dikkat çeken konu; çalışanların bir kısmının pandemi hastanesinde görevli olmalarına rağmen, kendisine koronavirüs bulaşma riski olasılığının düşük olduğuna inanmaları olmuştur. Bu durum, gerçekçi olmayan iyimserlik kuramı perspektifinde ele alınmıştır. Yapılan işin riskleri konusunda bilgi işleme hataları yapıldığı varsayımına veya kaygıyı azaltmak için riski inkar etme yoluna başvurulması şeklinde açıklanmaktadır. Her iki yönde yapılan çalışmalar bireylerde sürece dair geçici rahatlamalar sağlasa da bu durumdaki artışın bireylerde risklere karşı tedbir alınması davranışını azaltabileceğini düşünüyoruz.

References

  • Bayrakdar F, Altaş AB, Korukluoğlu G, Topal S. Molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of the first MERS case in Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2015;49(3):414-422.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2 Enfeksiyonu) Genel Bilgiler, Epidemioloji ve Tanı. Türkiye, May 2020, https://covid19bilgi. saglik.gov.tr/tr/covid-19-rehberi.html
  • Ergün E, Ergün Ş, Çelebİ İ. Acil sağlık hizmetleri personellerinin COVID-19 hakkında bilgi, korunma düzeyleri ve etkileyen etmenler. J Paramedic Emergency Health Services. 2020; 1(1): 16- 17.
  • Gan WH, Lim JW, Koh D. Preventing Intra-hospital Infection and Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Health-care Workers. Saf Health Work. 2020;11(2):241-243.
  • Carayon P, Schoofs Hundt A, Karsh B, et al Work system design for patient safety: the SEIPS model, BMJ Quality & Safety 2006;15:i50-i58.
  • Aydemir İ. Analysıs Of System-Based Medıcal Errors In Healthcare Instıtutıons. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi.2018; 19 (4),665-681.
  • Yıldırım A, Şimşek H. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık; 2013
  • Creswell JW. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Bütün M, Demir SB, Çev. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, 2014.
  • Arastaman G, Öztürk Fidan İ, Fidan T. Nitel Araştırmada Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik: Kuramsal Bir İnceleme. YYUEFD. 2018; 15(1): 37-75.
  • Weinstein DN, Klein MW. Unrealistic Optimism: Present and Future. Journal of Social And Clinical Psychology, 1996; 15(1);1-8
  • Aypay A. The Theory of Unrealistic Optimism. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2008; 19-34.
  • Çelik H, Baykal NB, Memur H N. Qualitative Data Analysis and Fundamental Principles. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 2020; 8(1); 379-406.
  • Liu M, He P, Liu HG, et al. Clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers infected with new coronavirus pneumonia. Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, 2020;43(3):209-214.
  • Wang J, Zhou M, Liu F. Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. J Hosp Infect. 2020;105(1):100-101.
  • Ran L, Chen X, Wang Y, Wu W, Zhang L, Tan X. Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(16):2218-2221.
  • Y Bai, X Wang, Q Huang, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers: a retrospective analysis and a model study. medRxiv. 2020; 2020.03.29.20047159. Published 2020 Apr 01.
  • Romano MR, Montericcio A, Montalbano C, et al. Facing COVID-19 in Ophthalmology Department. Curr Eye Res. 2020;45(6):653-658.
  • Yu J, Ding N, Chen H, et al. Infection Control against COVID-19 in Departments of Radiology. Acad Radiol. 2020;27(5):614-617.
  • Barrett ES, Horton DB, Roy J, et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in previously undiagnosed health care workers at the onset of the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic. Preprint. medRxiv. 2020;2020.04.20.20072470. Published 2020 Apr 24.
  • Mhango M, Dzobo M, Chitungo I, Dzinamarira T. COVID-19 Risk Factors Among Health Workers: A Rapid Review. Saf Health Work. 2020;11(3):262-265.
  • Schwartz J, King CC, Yen MY. Protecting Healthcare Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Lessons From Taiwan's Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Response. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):858-860.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emel Yılmaz 0000-0002-2331-1894

Oğuz Karabay 0000-0003-1514-1685

Remzi Altunışık 0000-0001-7934-1841

Publication Date December 28, 2022
Submission Date February 24, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

AMA Yılmaz E, Karabay O, Altunışık R. A Qualitative Research on Identifying the Exposure and Risk Perceptions of Healthcare Workers who are Diagnosed with COVID-19. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. December 2022;12(4):712-720. doi:10.31832/smj.1073703

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