Fazla kilolu ve obez hastaların obezite tedavilerine yönelik tutumları ve tutumla ilişkili faktörler

Abstract

Giriş: Obezite prevalansı giderek artan bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri, diyet ve egzersiz başarısız olduğunda obezite ilaçları ve ameliyatları tedavi seçenekleridir. Öte yandan hastaların tutumlarından dolayı bu tedavilerin yeterince kullanılmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma hastaların bu tedavilere yönelik tutumlarını araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Metodoloji: Çalışma tanımlayıcı yüz yüze anket şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kilo algısı, önceki kilo verme denemeleri, egzersiz ve diyet tedavileri, obezite ve tedavisine ilişkin algılar ve demografik faktörler ile obezite ilaçları ve cerrahi tedavilerin ilişkileri değerlendirildi. Hem sözel hem de görsel vücut algısı analiz edildi. Yanlış vücut algısı gerçekten daha zayıf (GDZ), gerçekten daha kilolu (GDK) ve gerçekten daha zayıf veya kilolu (GDZvK) olarak 3 grupta incelendi. Bulgular: Anketi 198 katılımcı tamamladı. Katılımcıların sırasıyla %30,8'i ve %23,7'si obezite ilaç tedavisini ve ameliyat olmayı düşünebileceğini belirtti. Kadınların obezite karşıtı ilaçları düşünme olasılığı daha yüksekti (%43,9'a karşılık %21,6, p = 0,001). Kilo vermek için egzersiz yapan hastaların obezite ameliyatı düşünme olasılıkları daha yüksekti (%28,9'a karşı %16,7, p = 0,04). Uygun kilo algısı sadece %16,2 idi. Kilonun yanlış algılanması, tüm grupta obezite karşıtı tedavilerin daha yüksek veya daha düşük oranlarıyla ilişkili değildi. Öte yandan en yüksek vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) grubundaki (VKİ > 35) hastalar arasında, saf-GDZ’li katılımcıların obezite ilaçlarını düşünme olasılığı daha yüksekti (%66,7'ye karşı %18,8, p = 0,01). Tartışma: Medikal ve cerrahi obezite tedavileri, aday veya risk altındaki hastalarda düşük oranda kabul görmektedir. Yaş, cinsiyet, egzersiz geçmişi ve saf-GDZ, daha yüksek tedavi kabülüyle ilişkilendirilmiştir.

Keywords

• kilo algısı
• obezite
• obezite yönetimi
• obezite karşıtı ajanlar
• bariatrik cerrahi

Overweight and Obese Patients’ Attitudes Towards Anti-Obesity Treatments, and Attitude Associated Factors

Abstract

Objective: Obesity is a public health problem with a rising prevalence. When lifestyle modifications, diet, and exercise fail, anti-obesity medications and surgeries are treatment options. However, they seem to be underutilized, due in part to patients’ attitudes towards these modalities. This study aimed to investigate patients’ attitudes toward these treatments. Materials and Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted in a face-to-face fashion. Weight perception, prior weight loss trials, exercise and dietary treatments, perceptions related to obesity and its treatment, and demographic factors, were assessed in relation to anti-obesity medications and surgical treatments. Perception was analyzed both verbally and visually. Misperception was defined as being thinner than reality misperceptions (TTRM), fatter than reality misperceptions (FTRM), or either of them (ETFTRM). Results: 198 participants completed the survey. 30.8% and 23.7% of the participants would consider anti-obesity medications and surgeries, respectively. Females were more likely to consider anti-obesity medications (43.9% vs. 21.6%, p = 0.001). Patients who had exercised to lose weight were more likely to consider anti-obesity surgery (28.9% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.04). Appropriate weight perception was 16.2%. Weight misperception was not associated with higher or lower rates of anti-obesity treatments. However, among the patients in the highest body mass index (BMI) group (BMI > 35), participants with pure- TTRM were more likely to consider anti-obesity medications (66.7% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Medical and surgical obesity treatments are considered at a low rate among candidates or at-risk patients. Age, gender, exercise history, and pure-TTRM were associated with higher treatment considerations.

Keywords

• Weight perception
• Obesity
• Obesity management
• Anti-obesity agents
• Bariatric surgery

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