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The Efficacy of Prismatic Bifocal Spectacle Lenses in Controlling Myopia Progression in Children

Year 2024, , 321 - 326, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.1512209

Abstract

Objective: The progression of myopia can lead to vision impairment and increase the risk of sight-threatening complications. Various treatment methods have been described to control the progression of myopia, including the use of specialized spectacle lenses. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of prismatic bifocal spectacle lenses in controlling the progression of myopia in pediatric patients.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-two eyes of 26 patients who used prismatic bifocal spectacle lenses were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who showed an increase in myopia greater than 0.50 D during the last year of follow-up with single-vision spectacle lenses and whose eyes had a cycloplegic objective refraction measurement of ≥-2.00 D were included in the study. Demographic data of the patients such as age and gender were recorded. The increase in objective spherical equivalent and axial length after one year of using single-vision spectacle lenses were compared with the increase observed after one year of using prismatic bifocal spectacle lenses. The effects of potential variables such as age, sex, baseline myopia degree, and increase in axial length on myopia treatment were investigated.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 11.65 ± 2.70 years. Sixteen patients were male, and 10 patients were female. The increase in mean spherical equivalent after using single-vision spectacle lenses was 1.25 ± 0.76 D, whereas it was 0.24 ± 0.14 D after using prismatic bifocal spectacle lenses and this difference was statistically significant. The increase in mean axial length with single-vision spectacle lenses was 0.66 ± 0.31 mm, whereas with bifocal spectacle lenses it was 0.014 ± 0.015 mm. The difference was also statistically significant. Prismatic bifocal spectacle lenses were found to be more effective in myopia treatment in eyes with high baseline myopia and a higher increase in axial length.
Conclusion: Prismatic bifocal spectacle lenses have been found to be an effective in myopia control, particularly in children with rapid myopia progression. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to fully assess the long-term effects of this treatment method.

References

  • Foo LL, Lanca C, Wong CW, et al. Cost of Myopia Correction: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.718724
  • Tariq F, Mobeen R, Wang X, et al. Advances in myopia prevention strategies for school-aged children: A comprehensive review. Front Public Health. 2023;11. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1226438
  • Zhu Q, Liu Y, Tighe S, et al. Retardation of myopia progression by multifocal soft contact lenses. Int J Med Sci. 2019;16(2). doi:10.7150/ijms.30118
  • Singh H, Singh H, Latief U, et al. Myopia, its prevalence, current therapeutic strategy and recent developments: A Review. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022;70(8). doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_2415_21
  • Naidoo KS, Fricke TR, Frick KD, et al. Potential Lost Productivity Resulting from the Global Burden of Myopia: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Modeling. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(3). doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.10.029
  • Cheng D, Schmid KL, Woo GC. The effect of positive-lens addition and base-in prism on accommodation accuracy and near horizontal phoria in Chinese myopic children. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 2008;28(3). doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00560.x
  • Erdinest N, London N, Lavy I, et al. Peripheral Defocus and Myopia Management: A Mini-Review. Korean Journal of Ophthalmology. 2023;37(1). doi:10.3341/kjo.2022.0125
  • Cheng D, Woo GC, Schmid KL. Bifocal lens control of myopic progression in children. Clin Exp Optom. 2011;94(1). doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00510.x
  • Tay SA, Farzavandi S, Tan D. Interventions to Reduce Myopia Progression in Children. Strabismus. 2017;25(1). doi:10.1080/09273972.2016.1276940
  • Cheng D, Woo GC, Drobe B, Schmid KL. Effect of bifocal and prismatic bifocal spectacles on myopia progression in children: Three-year results of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132(3). doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.7623
  • Walline J, Smith M. Controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents. Adolesc Health Med Ther. Published online 2015. doi:10.2147/ahmt.s55834
  • Russo A, Boldini A, Romano D, et al. Myopia: Mechanisms and Strategies to Slow Down Its Progression. J Ophthalmol. 2022;2022. doi:10.1155/2022/1004977
  • Kubota R, Joshi NR, Fitzgerald TJ, et al. Biometric and refractive changes following the monocular application of peripheral myopic defocus using a novel augmented-reality optical system in adults. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15456-4
  • 14. Rose LVT, Schulz AM, Graham SL. Use baseline axial length measurements in myopic patients to predict the control of myopia with and without atropine 0.01%. PLoS One. 2021;16(7 July). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254061
  • Huang J, Wen D, Wang Q, et al. Efficacy comparison of 16 interventions for myopia control in children: A network meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(4). doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.11.010
  • Leung JTM, Brown B. Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses. Optometry and Vision Science. 1999;76(6). doi:10.1097/00006324-199906000-00013
  • Hasebe S, Nakatsuka C, Hamasaki I, Ohtsuki H. Downward deviation of progressive addition lenses in a myopia control trial. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 2005;25(4). doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00301.x
  • Jonas JB, Ang M, Cho P, et al. IMI prevention of myopia and its progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62(5). doi:10.1167/iovs.62.5.6
  • Sankaridurg P, Donovan L, Varnas S, et al. Spectacle lenses designed to reduce progression of myopia: 12-month results. Optometry and Vision Science. 2010;87(9). doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181ea19c7
  • Gwiazda J, Bauer J, Thorn F. Accommodation, phorias, and AC/A ratios in school-age children. In; 2023. doi:10.1364/vsia.1996.sac.2
  • Jiang B chuan, Tea YC, O’Donnell D. Changes in accommodative and vergence responses when viewing through near addition lenses. Optometry. 2007;78(3). doi:10.1016/j.optm.2006.08.017

Prizmatik Bifokal Gözlük Camlarının Çocuklarda Miyopi Kontrolündeki Etkinliği

Year 2024, , 321 - 326, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.1512209

Abstract

Amaç: Miyopi ilerlemesi ciddi görme bozukluğuna ve göz sağlığını tehdit eden komplikasyonlara neden olabilir. Özel dizayn gözlük camları da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli tedaviler miyopi ilerlemesini kontrol altına almak için kullanılmıştır. Bu retrospektif çalışma, prizmatik bifokal gözlük camlarının çocuklarda miyopi kontrolündeki etkinliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Prizmatik bifokal gözlük camları kullanan 26 hastanın 52 gözü retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bir yıl tek odaklı gözlük camı kullanımı sonrası miyopi artışı ≥ 0.50 D olan ve sikloplejik objektif refraksiyon ölçümü ≥-2.00 D olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların yaş ve cinsiyet gibi demografik verileri kaydedildi. Bir yıl tek odaklı gözlük camı kullanımı sonrası objektif sferik ekivalan ve aksiyal uzunluk artış değerleri, bir yıl prizmatik bifokal gözlük camı kullanımı sonrasındaki artış değerleriyle karşılaştırıldı. Yaş, cinsiyet, başlangıç miyopi derecesi ve aksiyal uzunluk artışı gibi potansiyel değişkenlerin miyopi tedavisindeki etkileri incelendi.
Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 11.65 ± 2.70 yıldı. Hastaların 16'sı erkek ve 10'u kadındı. Tek odaklı gözlük camı kullanımı sonrası ortalama sferik ekivalan artışı 1.25 ± 0.76 D iken, prizmatik bifokal gözlük camı kullanımı sonrası 0.24 ± 0.14 D idi ve iki değer arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. Tek odaklı gözlük camı ile aksiyal uzunlukta artış 0.66 ± 0.31 mm iken, bifokal gözlük camı ile bu artış 0.014 ± 0.015 mm olarak bulundu ve iki değer arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı idi. Başlangıç yüksek miyopi derecesine sahip ve aksiyal uzunluk artışının fazla olduğu gözlerde prizmatik bifokal gözlük camlarının miyopi kontrolünde daha etkin olduğu bulundu.
Sonuç: Prizmatik bifokal gözlük camlarının, çocuklarda özellikle hızlı ilerleme gösteren gözlerde miyopi kontrolünde etkili bir tedavi yöntemi olduğu bulundu. Ancak, bu tedavi yaklaşımının uzun dönem etkilerini tam olarak gösterebilmek için daha büyük örneklemler ve daha uzun takip süreli çalışmalar gereklidir.

References

  • Foo LL, Lanca C, Wong CW, et al. Cost of Myopia Correction: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.718724
  • Tariq F, Mobeen R, Wang X, et al. Advances in myopia prevention strategies for school-aged children: A comprehensive review. Front Public Health. 2023;11. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1226438
  • Zhu Q, Liu Y, Tighe S, et al. Retardation of myopia progression by multifocal soft contact lenses. Int J Med Sci. 2019;16(2). doi:10.7150/ijms.30118
  • Singh H, Singh H, Latief U, et al. Myopia, its prevalence, current therapeutic strategy and recent developments: A Review. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022;70(8). doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_2415_21
  • Naidoo KS, Fricke TR, Frick KD, et al. Potential Lost Productivity Resulting from the Global Burden of Myopia: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Modeling. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(3). doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.10.029
  • Cheng D, Schmid KL, Woo GC. The effect of positive-lens addition and base-in prism on accommodation accuracy and near horizontal phoria in Chinese myopic children. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 2008;28(3). doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00560.x
  • Erdinest N, London N, Lavy I, et al. Peripheral Defocus and Myopia Management: A Mini-Review. Korean Journal of Ophthalmology. 2023;37(1). doi:10.3341/kjo.2022.0125
  • Cheng D, Woo GC, Schmid KL. Bifocal lens control of myopic progression in children. Clin Exp Optom. 2011;94(1). doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00510.x
  • Tay SA, Farzavandi S, Tan D. Interventions to Reduce Myopia Progression in Children. Strabismus. 2017;25(1). doi:10.1080/09273972.2016.1276940
  • Cheng D, Woo GC, Drobe B, Schmid KL. Effect of bifocal and prismatic bifocal spectacles on myopia progression in children: Three-year results of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132(3). doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.7623
  • Walline J, Smith M. Controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents. Adolesc Health Med Ther. Published online 2015. doi:10.2147/ahmt.s55834
  • Russo A, Boldini A, Romano D, et al. Myopia: Mechanisms and Strategies to Slow Down Its Progression. J Ophthalmol. 2022;2022. doi:10.1155/2022/1004977
  • Kubota R, Joshi NR, Fitzgerald TJ, et al. Biometric and refractive changes following the monocular application of peripheral myopic defocus using a novel augmented-reality optical system in adults. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15456-4
  • 14. Rose LVT, Schulz AM, Graham SL. Use baseline axial length measurements in myopic patients to predict the control of myopia with and without atropine 0.01%. PLoS One. 2021;16(7 July). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254061
  • Huang J, Wen D, Wang Q, et al. Efficacy comparison of 16 interventions for myopia control in children: A network meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(4). doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.11.010
  • Leung JTM, Brown B. Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses. Optometry and Vision Science. 1999;76(6). doi:10.1097/00006324-199906000-00013
  • Hasebe S, Nakatsuka C, Hamasaki I, Ohtsuki H. Downward deviation of progressive addition lenses in a myopia control trial. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 2005;25(4). doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00301.x
  • Jonas JB, Ang M, Cho P, et al. IMI prevention of myopia and its progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62(5). doi:10.1167/iovs.62.5.6
  • Sankaridurg P, Donovan L, Varnas S, et al. Spectacle lenses designed to reduce progression of myopia: 12-month results. Optometry and Vision Science. 2010;87(9). doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181ea19c7
  • Gwiazda J, Bauer J, Thorn F. Accommodation, phorias, and AC/A ratios in school-age children. In; 2023. doi:10.1364/vsia.1996.sac.2
  • Jiang B chuan, Tea YC, O’Donnell D. Changes in accommodative and vergence responses when viewing through near addition lenses. Optometry. 2007;78(3). doi:10.1016/j.optm.2006.08.017
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Surgery (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ali Altan Ertan Boz 0000-0001-7740-5821

Early Pub Date October 2, 2024
Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date July 8, 2024
Acceptance Date September 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

AMA Boz AAE. The Efficacy of Prismatic Bifocal Spectacle Lenses in Controlling Myopia Progression in Children. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. September 2024;14(3):321-326. doi:10.31832/smj.1512209

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