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Glioblastoma Multiforma Tedavisinde Kanser Kök Hücrelerinin Temozolomide Karşı Oluşturdukları Direnç

Year 2018, , 379 - 387, 29.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.413505

Abstract

Glioblastoma
multiform (GBM), primer beyin tümörleri arasında en sık görülen agresif bir
malign kanser türüdür. Tümörün cerrahi rezeksiyonu, radyoterapi ve kemoterapi
sonucu hastanın sağkalım süresi maximum 24 aya kadar uzatılabilmiştir. Bu
hastalığın tedavisinde karşılaşılan en büyük zorluk tümörün kendi doğasındaki
karmaşıklık ve ilaç direncine karşı oluşan sayısız mekanizmaya dayanmaktadır. Hastanın
rutin takibinde yapılan Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRI) tümörün alindığı
bölgede tekrarlaması rezeksiyon sonrasında kalan az saydaki kanser hücrelerin
öldürülememiş olabileceğini düşündürmüştür. Tedaviye direnç gösteren hücrelerin
GBM ‘de bulunan heterojenik hücre populasyonu içindeki kanser hücrelerinden
farklı özelliğe sahip olan hücreler olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Bu hücrelerin kök
hücrelere benzer olarak simetrik ve asimetrik çoğalma kabiliyetine sahip
oldukları ve kök hücre beliteçleri taşıdıkları gösterilmiştir. Glioblastoma
kemoterapisinde kullanılan Temozolomid (TMZ) DNA da oluşturduğu hasar sonucu hücreleri
G2/M hücre fazında durdurularak apoptosize sürüklemektedirler. DNA hasarlarının
tamiri O6-metilguanin metiltransferaz (MGMT) enzimi tarafından yapılmaktadır.  Bazı GBM hastalarında bu enzimin expresyonun
yüksek oluşu tedaviye karşı oluşan direnç ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. TMZ
sitotoksitesine karşı oluşan diğer bir mekanizmada GBM de bulunan kanser kök
hücrelerin (KKH) gösterdikleri direnç olabilir.



Bu çalışmadaki hedefimiz
GBM kök hücrelerinin ilaca karşı oluşturdukları direncin rolünü araştırarak GBM
tedavisini daha etkili hale getirmektir. Bu çalışmada GBM hücre hatlarından izole
edilen KKH’nin karakterizasyonu CD133 ve Sox 1 protein ekspresyonları ile yapıldıktan
sonra kök hücrelerin TMZ ile ölüm oranları farklılaşmış kanser hücreleriyle
karşılaştırıldı. Bu çalışma KKH’nin temozolomid sitotoksitesine farklılaşmış
kanser hücrelerinden daha dirençli olduklarını gösterdi. Bu araştırmada alınan
sonuçlar Glioblastoma multiform’un tedavisinin daha etkili olarak yapılabilmesi,
hastanın sağkalım süresinin uzaltılması ve tümörün tamamen yok edilmesi için kanser
kök hücrelerinin uygulanan tedaviye oluşturdukları direncin yok edilmesinin
hedef alınması gerektiğini göstermektedir. 

References

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  • 2) Kleihues P, Cavenee WK, editors. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the nervous system. International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2000.
  • 3) Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJ, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Allgeier A, Fisher B, Belanger K, Hau P. Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. The lancet oncology. 2009 May 1;10(5):459-66.
  • 4) Hochberg FH, Pruitt A. Assumptions in the radiotherapy of glioblastoma. Neurology. 1980 Sep 1;30(9):907.
  • 5) Lee SW, Fraass BA, Marsh LH, Herbort K, Gebarski SS, Martel MK, Radany EH, Lichter AS, Sandler HM. Patterns of failure following high-dose 3-D conformal radiotherapy for high-grade astrocytomas: a quantitative dosimetric study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology• Biology• Physics. 1999 Jan 1;43(1):79-88.
  • 6) Denny BJ, Wheelhouse RT, Stevens MF, Tsang LL, Slack JA. NMR and molecular modeling investigation of the mechanism of activation of the antitumor drug temozolomide and its interaction with DNA. Biochemistry. 1994 Aug 1;33(31):9045-51.
  • 7) Silber JR, Bobola MS, Blank A, Chamberlain MC. O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in glioma therapy: Promise and problems. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Reviews on Cancer. 2012 Aug 1;1826(1):71-82.
  • 8) Stupp, R., Mason, W. P., Van Den Bent, M. J., Weller, M., Fisher, B., Taphoorn, M. J., ... & Curschmann, J. (2005). Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(10), 987-996.
  • 9) Hegi ME, Diserens AC, Gorlia T, Hamou MF, de Tribolet N, Weller M, Kros JM, Hainfellner JA, Mason W, Mariani L, Bromberg JE. MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):997-1003.
  • 10) Taioli E, Ragin C, Wang XH, Chen J, Langevin SM, Brown AR, Gollin SM, Garte S, Sobol RW. Recurrence in oral and pharyngeal cancer is associated with quantitative MGMT promoter methylation. BMC cancer. 2009 Dec;9(1):354.
  • 11) Alonso MM, Gomez-Manzano C, Bekele BN, Yung WA, Fueyo J. Adenovirus-based strategies overcome temozolomide resistance by silencing the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter. Cancer research. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):11499-504.
  • 12) Natsume A, Ishii D, Wakabayashi T, Tsuno T, Hatano H, Mizuno M, Yoshida J. IFN-β down-regulates the expression of DNA repair gene MGMT and sensitizes resistant glioma cells to temozolomide. Cancer research. 2005 Sep 1;65(17):7573-9.
  • 13) Hermisson M, Klumpp A, Wick W, Wischhusen J, Nagel G, Roos W, Kaina B, Weller M. O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase and p53 status predict temozolomide sensitivity in human malignant glioma cells. Journal of neurochemistry. 2006 Feb 1;96(3):766-76.
  • 14) Van Nifterik KA, Van Den Berg J, Van Der Meide WF, Ameziane N, Wedekind LE, Steenbergen RD, Leenstra S, Lafleur MV, Slotman BJ, Stalpers LJ, Sminia P. Absence of the MGMT protein as well as methylation of the MGMT promoter predict the sensitivity for temozolomide. British journal of cancer. 2010 Jun;103(1):29.
  • 15) Piccirillo SG, Colman S, Potter NE, van Delft FW, Lillis S, Carnicer MJ, Kearney L, Watts C, Greaves M. Genetic and functional diversity of propagating cells in glioblastoma. Stem Cell Reports. 2015 Jan 13;4(1):7-15.
  • 16) Sottoriva A, Spiteri I, Shibata D, Curtis C, Tavaré S. Single-molecule genomic data delineate patient-specific tumor profiles and cancer stem cell organization. Cancer research. 2013 Jan 1;73(1):41-9.
  • 17) Galli R, Binda E, Orfanelli U, Cipelletti B, Gritti A, De Vitis S, Fiocco R, Foroni C, Dimeco F, Vescovi A. Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma. Cancer research. 2004 Oct 1;64(19):7011-21.
  • 18) Singh SK, Hawkins C, Clarke ID, Squire JA, Bayani J, Hide T, Henkelman RM, Cusimano MD, Dirks PB. Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. nature. 2004 Nov;432(7015):396.
  • 19) Son MJ, Woolard K, Nam DH, Lee J, Fine HA. SSEA-1 is an enrichment marker for tumor-initiating cells in human glioblastoma. Cell stem cell. 2009 May 8;4(5):440-52.
  • 20) Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon RE, Hao Y, Shi Q, Hjelmeland AB, Dewhirst MW, Bigner DD, Rich JN. Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Nature. 2006 Dec;444(7120):756.
  • 21) Jensen SS, Meyer M, Petterson SA, Halle B, Rosager AM, Aaberg-Jessen C, Thomassen M, Burton M, Kruse TA, Kristensen BW. Establishment and characterization of a tumor stem cell-based glioblastoma invasion model. PloS one. 2016 Jul 25;11(7):e0159746.
  • 22) Stupp R, Mason WP, Van Den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ, Belanger K, Brandes AA, Marosi C, Bogdahn U, Curschmann J. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):987-96.
  • 23) Hochberg FH, Pruitt A. Assumptions in the radiotherapy of glioblastoma. Neurology. 1980 Sep 1;30(9):907-..
  • 24) Lee SW, Fraass BA, Marsh LH, Herbort K, Gebarski SS, Martel MK, Radany EH, Lichter AS, Sandler HM. Patterns of failure following high-dose 3-D conformal radiotherapy for high-grade astrocytomas: a quantitative dosimetric study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology• Biology• Physics. 1999 Jan 1;43(1):79-88.
  • 25) Bu P, Chen KY, Lipkin SM, Shen X. Asymmetric division: a marker for cancer stem cells?. Oncotarget. 2013 Jul;4(7):950.
  • 26) Stupp R, Mason WP, Van Den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ, Belanger K, Brandes AA, Marosi C, Bogdahn U, Curschmann J. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):987-96.
  • 27) Jacinto FV, Esteller M. MGMT hypermethylation: a prognostic foe, a predictive friend. DNA repair. 2007 Aug 1;6(8):1155-60.
  • 28) Binabaj MM, Bahrami A, ShahidSales S, Joodi M, Joudi Mashhad M, Hassanian SM, Anvari K, Avan A. The prognostic value of MGMT promoter methylation in glioblastoma: A meta‐analysis of clinical trials. Journal of cellular physiology. 2018 Jan 1;233(1):378-86.
Year 2018, , 379 - 387, 29.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.413505

Abstract

References

  • 1) DeVita Jr J. PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF ONCOLOGY 6th EDITION. InCancer Forum 2001 Nov Vol. 25, No. 3.
  • 2) Kleihues P, Cavenee WK, editors. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the nervous system. International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2000.
  • 3) Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJ, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Allgeier A, Fisher B, Belanger K, Hau P. Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. The lancet oncology. 2009 May 1;10(5):459-66.
  • 4) Hochberg FH, Pruitt A. Assumptions in the radiotherapy of glioblastoma. Neurology. 1980 Sep 1;30(9):907.
  • 5) Lee SW, Fraass BA, Marsh LH, Herbort K, Gebarski SS, Martel MK, Radany EH, Lichter AS, Sandler HM. Patterns of failure following high-dose 3-D conformal radiotherapy for high-grade astrocytomas: a quantitative dosimetric study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology• Biology• Physics. 1999 Jan 1;43(1):79-88.
  • 6) Denny BJ, Wheelhouse RT, Stevens MF, Tsang LL, Slack JA. NMR and molecular modeling investigation of the mechanism of activation of the antitumor drug temozolomide and its interaction with DNA. Biochemistry. 1994 Aug 1;33(31):9045-51.
  • 7) Silber JR, Bobola MS, Blank A, Chamberlain MC. O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in glioma therapy: Promise and problems. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Reviews on Cancer. 2012 Aug 1;1826(1):71-82.
  • 8) Stupp, R., Mason, W. P., Van Den Bent, M. J., Weller, M., Fisher, B., Taphoorn, M. J., ... & Curschmann, J. (2005). Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(10), 987-996.
  • 9) Hegi ME, Diserens AC, Gorlia T, Hamou MF, de Tribolet N, Weller M, Kros JM, Hainfellner JA, Mason W, Mariani L, Bromberg JE. MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):997-1003.
  • 10) Taioli E, Ragin C, Wang XH, Chen J, Langevin SM, Brown AR, Gollin SM, Garte S, Sobol RW. Recurrence in oral and pharyngeal cancer is associated with quantitative MGMT promoter methylation. BMC cancer. 2009 Dec;9(1):354.
  • 11) Alonso MM, Gomez-Manzano C, Bekele BN, Yung WA, Fueyo J. Adenovirus-based strategies overcome temozolomide resistance by silencing the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter. Cancer research. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):11499-504.
  • 12) Natsume A, Ishii D, Wakabayashi T, Tsuno T, Hatano H, Mizuno M, Yoshida J. IFN-β down-regulates the expression of DNA repair gene MGMT and sensitizes resistant glioma cells to temozolomide. Cancer research. 2005 Sep 1;65(17):7573-9.
  • 13) Hermisson M, Klumpp A, Wick W, Wischhusen J, Nagel G, Roos W, Kaina B, Weller M. O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase and p53 status predict temozolomide sensitivity in human malignant glioma cells. Journal of neurochemistry. 2006 Feb 1;96(3):766-76.
  • 14) Van Nifterik KA, Van Den Berg J, Van Der Meide WF, Ameziane N, Wedekind LE, Steenbergen RD, Leenstra S, Lafleur MV, Slotman BJ, Stalpers LJ, Sminia P. Absence of the MGMT protein as well as methylation of the MGMT promoter predict the sensitivity for temozolomide. British journal of cancer. 2010 Jun;103(1):29.
  • 15) Piccirillo SG, Colman S, Potter NE, van Delft FW, Lillis S, Carnicer MJ, Kearney L, Watts C, Greaves M. Genetic and functional diversity of propagating cells in glioblastoma. Stem Cell Reports. 2015 Jan 13;4(1):7-15.
  • 16) Sottoriva A, Spiteri I, Shibata D, Curtis C, Tavaré S. Single-molecule genomic data delineate patient-specific tumor profiles and cancer stem cell organization. Cancer research. 2013 Jan 1;73(1):41-9.
  • 17) Galli R, Binda E, Orfanelli U, Cipelletti B, Gritti A, De Vitis S, Fiocco R, Foroni C, Dimeco F, Vescovi A. Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma. Cancer research. 2004 Oct 1;64(19):7011-21.
  • 18) Singh SK, Hawkins C, Clarke ID, Squire JA, Bayani J, Hide T, Henkelman RM, Cusimano MD, Dirks PB. Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. nature. 2004 Nov;432(7015):396.
  • 19) Son MJ, Woolard K, Nam DH, Lee J, Fine HA. SSEA-1 is an enrichment marker for tumor-initiating cells in human glioblastoma. Cell stem cell. 2009 May 8;4(5):440-52.
  • 20) Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon RE, Hao Y, Shi Q, Hjelmeland AB, Dewhirst MW, Bigner DD, Rich JN. Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Nature. 2006 Dec;444(7120):756.
  • 21) Jensen SS, Meyer M, Petterson SA, Halle B, Rosager AM, Aaberg-Jessen C, Thomassen M, Burton M, Kruse TA, Kristensen BW. Establishment and characterization of a tumor stem cell-based glioblastoma invasion model. PloS one. 2016 Jul 25;11(7):e0159746.
  • 22) Stupp R, Mason WP, Van Den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ, Belanger K, Brandes AA, Marosi C, Bogdahn U, Curschmann J. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):987-96.
  • 23) Hochberg FH, Pruitt A. Assumptions in the radiotherapy of glioblastoma. Neurology. 1980 Sep 1;30(9):907-..
  • 24) Lee SW, Fraass BA, Marsh LH, Herbort K, Gebarski SS, Martel MK, Radany EH, Lichter AS, Sandler HM. Patterns of failure following high-dose 3-D conformal radiotherapy for high-grade astrocytomas: a quantitative dosimetric study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology• Biology• Physics. 1999 Jan 1;43(1):79-88.
  • 25) Bu P, Chen KY, Lipkin SM, Shen X. Asymmetric division: a marker for cancer stem cells?. Oncotarget. 2013 Jul;4(7):950.
  • 26) Stupp R, Mason WP, Van Den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ, Belanger K, Brandes AA, Marosi C, Bogdahn U, Curschmann J. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):987-96.
  • 27) Jacinto FV, Esteller M. MGMT hypermethylation: a prognostic foe, a predictive friend. DNA repair. 2007 Aug 1;6(8):1155-60.
  • 28) Binabaj MM, Bahrami A, ShahidSales S, Joodi M, Joudi Mashhad M, Hassanian SM, Anvari K, Avan A. The prognostic value of MGMT promoter methylation in glioblastoma: A meta‐analysis of clinical trials. Journal of cellular physiology. 2018 Jan 1;233(1):378-86.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Meryem Alagoz

Publication Date June 29, 2018
Submission Date April 7, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

AMA Alagoz M. Glioblastoma Multiforma Tedavisinde Kanser Kök Hücrelerinin Temozolomide Karşı Oluşturdukları Direnç. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. June 2018;8(2):379-387. doi:10.31832/smj.413505

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