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Determination Of State Of Women To Have Pap Smear Test And The Associated Factors

Year 2018, , 830 - 839, 30.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.464648

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of the study is to deal with women having pap smears and to determine the factors related to this.


Patients and Methods: The population of the study consisted of 350 women who applied to the gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic of a university hospital in a city located in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey between December 2015 and April 2016. The whole population was included in the study without sample selection. Percentage distribution and chi-square analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results: It was determined that 255 (64.3%) of 350 women had Pap smear tests previously. 125(35.7%) of them had never had this test performed. The rate of having a Pap smear test was found to increase with the increased age, duration of the marriage, patient awareness regarding the Pap smear test, attending gynecological examinations, and considering the patient herself at risk for the cervix cancer.

Conclusions: The healthcare personnel should emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and regular health screenings to the women who attend gynecological examinations. These activities are beneficial to raise the awareness of women about cervical cancer and enable them to have regular health screenings so that early diagnosis of cancer becomes possible.

References

  • REFERENCES1. Su S-Y, Chiou S-T, Huang N, Huang C-M, Chiang J-H, Chien L-Y. Association between Pap smear screening and job stress in Taiwanese nurses. Eur j Oncol Nurs 2016;20:119-24.2. Daryani S, Shojaeezadeh D, Batebi A, Charati JY, Naghibi A. The effect of education based on a health belief model in women's practice with regard to the Pap smear test. J Cancer Policy 2016;8:51-6.3. Reis N, Bebis H, Kose S, Sis A, Engin R, Yavan T. Knowledge, behavior and beliefs related to cervical cancer and screening among Turkish women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012;13(4):1463-70.4. Pirzadeh A, Mazaheri MA. The effect of education on women's practice based on the health belief model about pap smear test. Int J Prev Med 2012;3(8):585-90.5. Fang H, Shuang D, Yi Z, Sheng H, Liu Y. Up-regulated microRNA-155 expression is associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;83:64-9.6. Valdespino VM, Valdespino VE. Cervical cancer screening: state of the art. Curr Opin Obstet and Gynecol 2006;18(1):35-40.7. Jennings-Dozier K, Lawrence D. Sociodemographic predictors of adherence to annual cervical cancer screening in minority women. Cancer Nurs. 2000;23(5):350-6.8. Lee F-H, Wang H-H, Yang Y-M, Huang J-J, Tsai H-M. Influencing Factors of Intention to Receive Pap Tests in Vietnamese Women who Immigrated to Taiwan for Marriage. Asian Nurs Res 2016;10(3):189-194.9. Sözmen K, Unal B, Sakarya S, Dinc G, Yardim N, Keskinkilic B, et al. Determinants of Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake Among Women in Turkey. Asia-Pac Public Health 2016;28(6), 528-538.10. Akyüz A, Güvenç G, Yavan T, Çetintürk A, Kök G. Evaluation of the Pap smear test status of women and of the factors affecting this status. Gulhane Medical J 2006;48(1):25-29.11. Karabulutlu O. Evaluation of the pap smear test status of Turkish women and related factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14(2):981-6.12. Kabacaoglu M, Oral B, Balci E, Gunay O. Breast and Cervical Cancer Related Practices of Female Doctors and Nurses Working at a University Hospital in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014;16(14):5869-73.13. Decker KM, Demers AA, Kliewer EV, Biswanger N, Musto G, Elias B, et al. Pap test use and cervical cancer incidence in First Nations women living in Manitoba. Cancer Prev Res 2015;8(1):49-55.14. Ko KD, Park SM, Lee K. Factors associated with the use of uterine cervical cancer screening services in korean elderly women. Korean J Fam Med 2012;33(3):174-81.15. Simou E, Maniadakis N, Pallis A, Foundoulakis E, Kourlaba G. Factors associated with the use of Pap smear testing in Greece. J Womens Health 2010;19(8):1577-85.16. Huang K-H, Tsai W-C, Kung P-T. The use of Pap smear and its influencing factors among women with disabilities in Taiwan. Res Dev Disabil 2012;33(2):307-14.17. Akyüz A, Güvenç G, Yavan T, Çetintürk A, Kök G. Kadınların Pap smear yaptırma durumları ile bunu etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi 2006;48(1):25-9.18. Gürel SA, Gürel H, Topçuoğlu A. Jinekolojik Muayene İçin Başvuran Kadınlarda Papyayma Yapılma Oranı ve Etkenlerinin İncelenmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst 2009;19(2):62-6.19. Oche M, Kaoje A, Gana G, Ango J. Cancer of the cervix and cervical screening: Current knowledge, attitude and practices of female health workers in Sokoto, Nigeria. Int J Med and Med Sci 2013;5(4):184-90.20. Altay B, Kefeli B. The effect of some variables to the level of anxiety of women who came for gynecologic examination. DEUHYO ED 2012;5:134-41.21. Hirth JM, Tan A, Wilkinson GS, Berenson AB. Compliance with cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus testing guidelines among insured young women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013;209(3):200. e1-. e7.22. Smith RA, Cokkinides V, von Eschenbach AC, Levin B, Cohen C, Runowicz CD, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2002;52(1):8-22.23. Ozan H (2005). Pap Smear: Ne zaman? Nasil? Kimden? Hassa H (ed). Turk Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Dernegi. Uzmanlik Sonrasi Egitim ve Guncel Gelismeler Dergisi 2, 36-40. 24. Wong L, Wong Y, Low W, Khoo E, Shuib R. Knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer and screening among Malaysian women who have never had a Pap smear: a qualitative study. Singapore Med J 2009;50(1):49.25. Demirgöz Bal M. Kadınların pap smear testi yaptırma durumlarının sağlık inanç modeli ölçeği ile değerlendirilmesi. MÜSBED 2014;4(3):133-138

Determination Of State Of Women To Have Pap Smear Test And The Associated Factors

Year 2018, , 830 - 839, 30.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.464648

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of the study is to deal with women having pap smears and to determine the factors related to this.


Patients and Methods: The population of the study consisted of 350 women who applied to the gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic of a university hospital in a city located in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey between December 2015 and April 2016. The whole population was included in the study without sample selection. Percentage distribution and chi-square analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results: It was determined that 255 (64.3%) of 350 women had Pap smear tests previously. 125(35.7%) of them had never had this test performed. The rate of having a Pap smear test was found to increase with the increased age, duration of the marriage, patient awareness regarding the Pap smear test, attending gynecological examinations, and considering the patient herself at risk for the cervix cancer.

Conclusions: The healthcare personnel should emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and regular health screenings to the women who attend gynecological examinations. These activities are beneficial to raise the awareness of women about cervical cancer and enable them to have regular health screenings so that early diagnosis of cancer becomes possible.

References

  • REFERENCES1. Su S-Y, Chiou S-T, Huang N, Huang C-M, Chiang J-H, Chien L-Y. Association between Pap smear screening and job stress in Taiwanese nurses. Eur j Oncol Nurs 2016;20:119-24.2. Daryani S, Shojaeezadeh D, Batebi A, Charati JY, Naghibi A. The effect of education based on a health belief model in women's practice with regard to the Pap smear test. J Cancer Policy 2016;8:51-6.3. Reis N, Bebis H, Kose S, Sis A, Engin R, Yavan T. Knowledge, behavior and beliefs related to cervical cancer and screening among Turkish women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012;13(4):1463-70.4. Pirzadeh A, Mazaheri MA. The effect of education on women's practice based on the health belief model about pap smear test. Int J Prev Med 2012;3(8):585-90.5. Fang H, Shuang D, Yi Z, Sheng H, Liu Y. Up-regulated microRNA-155 expression is associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;83:64-9.6. Valdespino VM, Valdespino VE. Cervical cancer screening: state of the art. Curr Opin Obstet and Gynecol 2006;18(1):35-40.7. Jennings-Dozier K, Lawrence D. Sociodemographic predictors of adherence to annual cervical cancer screening in minority women. Cancer Nurs. 2000;23(5):350-6.8. Lee F-H, Wang H-H, Yang Y-M, Huang J-J, Tsai H-M. Influencing Factors of Intention to Receive Pap Tests in Vietnamese Women who Immigrated to Taiwan for Marriage. Asian Nurs Res 2016;10(3):189-194.9. Sözmen K, Unal B, Sakarya S, Dinc G, Yardim N, Keskinkilic B, et al. Determinants of Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake Among Women in Turkey. Asia-Pac Public Health 2016;28(6), 528-538.10. Akyüz A, Güvenç G, Yavan T, Çetintürk A, Kök G. Evaluation of the Pap smear test status of women and of the factors affecting this status. Gulhane Medical J 2006;48(1):25-29.11. Karabulutlu O. Evaluation of the pap smear test status of Turkish women and related factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14(2):981-6.12. Kabacaoglu M, Oral B, Balci E, Gunay O. Breast and Cervical Cancer Related Practices of Female Doctors and Nurses Working at a University Hospital in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014;16(14):5869-73.13. Decker KM, Demers AA, Kliewer EV, Biswanger N, Musto G, Elias B, et al. Pap test use and cervical cancer incidence in First Nations women living in Manitoba. Cancer Prev Res 2015;8(1):49-55.14. Ko KD, Park SM, Lee K. Factors associated with the use of uterine cervical cancer screening services in korean elderly women. Korean J Fam Med 2012;33(3):174-81.15. Simou E, Maniadakis N, Pallis A, Foundoulakis E, Kourlaba G. Factors associated with the use of Pap smear testing in Greece. J Womens Health 2010;19(8):1577-85.16. Huang K-H, Tsai W-C, Kung P-T. The use of Pap smear and its influencing factors among women with disabilities in Taiwan. Res Dev Disabil 2012;33(2):307-14.17. Akyüz A, Güvenç G, Yavan T, Çetintürk A, Kök G. Kadınların Pap smear yaptırma durumları ile bunu etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi 2006;48(1):25-9.18. Gürel SA, Gürel H, Topçuoğlu A. Jinekolojik Muayene İçin Başvuran Kadınlarda Papyayma Yapılma Oranı ve Etkenlerinin İncelenmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst 2009;19(2):62-6.19. Oche M, Kaoje A, Gana G, Ango J. Cancer of the cervix and cervical screening: Current knowledge, attitude and practices of female health workers in Sokoto, Nigeria. Int J Med and Med Sci 2013;5(4):184-90.20. Altay B, Kefeli B. The effect of some variables to the level of anxiety of women who came for gynecologic examination. DEUHYO ED 2012;5:134-41.21. Hirth JM, Tan A, Wilkinson GS, Berenson AB. Compliance with cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus testing guidelines among insured young women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013;209(3):200. e1-. e7.22. Smith RA, Cokkinides V, von Eschenbach AC, Levin B, Cohen C, Runowicz CD, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2002;52(1):8-22.23. Ozan H (2005). Pap Smear: Ne zaman? Nasil? Kimden? Hassa H (ed). Turk Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Dernegi. Uzmanlik Sonrasi Egitim ve Guncel Gelismeler Dergisi 2, 36-40. 24. Wong L, Wong Y, Low W, Khoo E, Shuib R. Knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer and screening among Malaysian women who have never had a Pap smear: a qualitative study. Singapore Med J 2009;50(1):49.25. Demirgöz Bal M. Kadınların pap smear testi yaptırma durumlarının sağlık inanç modeli ölçeği ile değerlendirilmesi. MÜSBED 2014;4(3):133-138
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Meral Kılıç 0000-0001-9770-7448

Publication Date December 30, 2018
Submission Date September 27, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

AMA Kılıç M. Determination Of State Of Women To Have Pap Smear Test And The Associated Factors. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. December 2018;8(4):830-839. doi:10.31832/smj.464648

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