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Effects of plant sterols/stanols on atherosclerotic process and cardiovascular diseases

Year 2019, , 218 - 229, 28.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.527116

Abstract

It
is known that the morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases in
our country and have reached serious numbers in the world. Nowadays, the
morbidity of cardiovascular diseases has increased with changing lifestyle and
dietary habits. Dietary plant sterols/stanols may alter and improve these
adverse environmental conditions through various mechanisms. The mechanism of
action is the regulation of cholesterol and lipid regulatory targets in
enterohepatic cycle. There are important effects in the intestinal lumen such
as competing with exogenous (dietary) and endogenous cholesterol, reducing the
absorption of intestinal cholesterol and altering the expression of genes
involved in cholesterol synthesis. Its effectiveness in the hepatic cycle
significantly reduces total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
and triglyceride serum concentrations, which are risk factors for
cardiovascular diseases. In addition, it affects the atherosclerotic process by
decreasing plasma fibrinogen levels and thrombotic effects that play an
important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. 

References

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Bitkisel Sterollerin/Stanollerin Aterosklerotik Süreç ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2019, , 218 - 229, 28.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.527116

Abstract

Tüm
dünyada ve ülkemizde kardiyovasküler hastalıklardan kaynaklanan morbiditenin ve
mortalitenin ciddi rakamlara ulaştığı bilinmektedir.
Günümüzde, yaşam tarzı ve
beslenme alışkanlıkları değişimi ile kardiyovasküler hastalıkların morbiditesi
artmıştır.
Diyet ile alınan bitkisel steroller/stanoller, bu olumsuz
çevresel koşulları çeşitli mekanizmalar aracılığıyla değiştirebilir ve
iyileştirebilir. Etki mekanizması ise enterohepatik döngü içindeki kolesterol
ve lipid düzenleyici hedeflerin regülasyonudur. Bağırsak lümeninde eksojen
(diyet) ve endojen kaynaklı kolesterol ile rekabet etmek, bağırsak kolesterolü
emilimini azaltmak ve kolesterol sentezinde görevli genlerin ekspresyonunu
değiştirmek gibi önemli etkileri vardır. Hepatik döngü içerisindeki etkinliği
ile kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için risk faktörü olan total kolesterol, düşük
yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol ve trigliserit serum konsantrasyonlarını
önemli ölçüde düşürmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, aterosklerozun patogenezinde
önemli rol oynayan plazma fibrinojen düzeylerini ve trombotik etkiye neden olan
trombosit düzeylerini azaltarak aterosklerotik sürece etki etmektedir.

References

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  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği. Koroner kalp hastalığı korunma ve tedavi kılavuzu. Erişim adresi: http://www.tkd.org.tr/kilavuz/k11.htm. Erişim tarihi: 02.07.2018.
  • Onat A. TEKHARF çalışması. 1. baskı. İstanbul: Figur grafik ve matbaacılık Tic. Ltd. Şti; 2009. s: 24.
  • Zengin H. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. J Exp Clin Med 2012; 29: 101-106.
  • Ordovas JM. Genetic influences on blood lipids and cardiovascular disease risk: tools for primary prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89(5): 1509-1517.
  • National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002;106 (25): 3143-3421.
  • Köhler J, Teupser D, Elsässer A, Weingärtner O. Plant sterol enriched functional food and atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174(11):1281-1289.
  • Quillez J, Garcia-Lorda P, Salas-Salvado J. Potential uses and benefits of phytosterols in diet: present situation and future directions. Clin Nutr 2003;22: 343-351.
  • Moreau RA, Nyström L, Whitaker BD, Winkler-Moser JK, Baer DJ, Gebauer SK et al. Phytosterols and their derivatives: Structural diversity, distribution, metabolism, analysis, and health-promoting uses. Prog Lipid Res 2018;70: 35-61.
  • Erdem H, Tosun YK, Hazer O, Akkbik M. Determination of main plant sterols in turkish bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by GC-MS. Turkish J Agric Food Sci Technol 2017; 5(7): 710-719.
  • Weingärtner O, BöhmM, Laufs U. Controversial role of plant sterol esters in the management of hypercholesterolaemia. Eur Heart J 2009; 30(4): 404-409.
  • Gylling H, Plat J, Turley S, Ginsberg HN, Ellegård L, Jessup W et al. Plant sterols and plant stanols in the management of dyslipidaemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2014; 232(2):346-360.
  • Chan YM, Varady KA, Lin Y, Trautwein E, Mensink RP, Plat J et al. Plasma concentrations of plant sterols: physiology and relationship with coronary heart disease. Nutr Rev 2006; 64 (9): 385-402.
  • Valsta LM, Lemstrom A, Ovaskainen ML, Lampi AM, Toivo J, Korhonen T et al. Estimation of plant sterol and cholesterol intake in Finland: quality of new values and their effect on intake. Br J Nutr 2004;92: 671-678.
  • Normen AL, Brants HA, Voorrips LE, Andersson HA, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA. Plant sterol intakes and colorectal cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74: 141-148.
  • Jimenez-Escrig A, Santos-Hidalgo AB, Saura-Calixto F. Common sources and estimated intake of plant sterols in the Spanish diet. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54: 3462-3471.
  • Hirai K, Shimazu C, Takezoe R, Ozeki Y. Cholesterol, phytosterol and polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in 1982 and 1957 Japanese diets. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1986; 32: 363-372.
  • Cerqueira MT, Fry MM, Connor WE. The food and nutrient intakes of the Tarahumara Indians of Mexico. Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32: 905-915.
  • Karampola M, Papandreou D, Makedou K. The role of Mediterranean diet in health and disease: an updated mini review. Nutrition & Food Science 2011; 41(1): 63-72.
  • Aksoy M. Ansiklopedik Beslenme, Diyet ve Gıda Sözlüğü. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Hatipoğlu Yayınevi; 2007. s:323.
  • Hicks KB, Moreau RA. Phytosterols and phytostanols: functional food cholesterol busters. Food Technol 2001;55: 63-67.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hande Çekici This is me 0000-0001-9377-888X

Hilal Yıldıran 0000-0001-7956-5087

Publication Date June 28, 2019
Submission Date February 14, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

AMA Çekici H, Yıldıran H. Bitkisel Sterollerin/Stanollerin Aterosklerotik Süreç ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar Üzerine Etkisi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. June 2019;9(2):218-229. doi:10.31832/smj.527116

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