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İnsan Anellovirüsleri

Year 2018, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 462 - 469, 30.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.448521

Abstract

Çeşitli
biyolojik insan numuneleri üzerinde yüksek verimli sekanslamanın yaygın
kullanımı sonucunda bilinen viral tiplerin dağılımı değişmiş ve birçok yeni
virüs ortaya çıkmıştır.İnsanları enfekte ettiği bilinen bu virüs
ailesi, Alphatorquevirüs genusundan Torque teno virüs, Betatorquevirüs
genusundan Torque teno mini virüs ve Gammatorquevirüs genusundan Torque teno
midi virüsü içermektedir. Dünya nüfusunda Anellovirüs prevalansı oldukça
yüksektir. Bu virüslerin insanlar için patojeniteleri hala net olarak açıklanamamıştır.
Yapılan çalışmalarda Anellovirüslerin başta hepatit olmak üzere solunumsal,
hematopoetik, bağışıklık sistemi ve kanser gibi birkaç hastalık ile ilişkili
olduğu görülmüş olmakla birlikte kesin veriler bulunmamaktadır. Temel viroloji
ve immünoloji alanında yapılacak daha kapsamlı ve verimli çalışmalar ile
Anellovirüsler hakkında bilgilerimiz artacaktır ve çözüm bekleyen sorularımız
cevap bulacaktır.

References

  • 1 Wylie KM, Weinstock GM, Storch GA. Emerging view of the human virome. Transl Res 2012;160:283-290.2 Desai MM, Pal RB, Banker DD. Molecular epidemiology and clinical implications of TT virus (TTV) infection in Indian subjects. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005;39:422–429.3 Tokita H, Murai S, Kamitsukasa H, Yagura M, Harada H, Takahashi M, et al. High TT virus load as an independent factor associated with the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease. J Med Virol 2002;67:501–509.4 Christensen JK, Eugen-Olsen J, SLrensen M, Ullum H, Gjedde SB, Pedersen BK, et al. Prevalence and prognostic significance of infection with TT virus in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis. 2000;181:1796–1799.5 Rosario K, Duffy S, Breitbart M. A field guide to eukaryotic circular singlestranded DNA viruses insights gained from metagenomics. Arch Virol 2012;157:1851-1871.6 De Vlaminck I, Khush KK, Strehl C, Kohli B, Luikart H, Neff NF, et al. Temporal response of the human virome to immunosuppression and antiviral therapy. Cell 2013;155:1178-1187.7 Focosi D, Antonelli G, Pistello M, Maggi F. Torquetenovirus: the human virome from bench to bedside. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2016;22:589-5938 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. King AMQ. Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses: ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. London: Academic Press; 2012. 9 Nishizawa T, Okamoto H, Konishi K, Yoshizawa H, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. A novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with elevated transaminase levels in posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. Biochem. Biophys Res Commun 1997; 241:92–9710 Takahashi K, Iwasa Y, Hijikata M, Mishiro S. Identification of a new human DNA virus (TTV-like mini virus, TLMV) intermediately related to TT virus and chicken anemiavirus. Arch Virol 2000;145;979–993.11 Ninomiya M, Nishizawa T, Takahashi M, Lorenzo FR, Shimosegawa T, Okamoto H. Identification and genomic characterization of a novel human torque teno virus of 3.2 kb. J Gen Virol 2007;88:1939e44.12 Biagini P. Classification of TTV and related viruses (anelloviruses). Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009;331:21e33.13 Spandole S, Cimponeriu D, Berca LM, Miha˘escu G. Human anelloviruses: an update of molecular, epidemiological and clinical aspects. Arch Virol 2015;160:893–908.14 Biagini P, Gallian P, Cantaloube JF, Attoui H, Micco P and Lamballerie X. Distribution and Genetic Analysis of TTV and TTMV Major Phylogenetic Groups in French Blood Donors. Journal of Medical Virology 78:298–304 (2006).15 Okonechnikov K, Golosova O, Fursov M. Unipro UGENE: a unified bioinformatics toolkit. Bioinformatics 2012;28:1166–1167.16 Takahashi K, Ohta Y, Mishiro S. Partial 2.4-kb sequences of TT virus (TTV) genome from eight Japanese isolates: diagnostic and phylogenetic implications. Hepatol Res 1998;12:111–120.17 Kakkola L, Hedman K, Vanrobaeys H, Hedman L, Söderlund-Venermo M. Cloning and sequencing of TT virus genotype 6 and expression of antigenic open reading frame 2 proteins. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:979–990.18 Peters MA, Jackson DC, Crabb BS, Browning GF. Chicken anemia virus VP2 is a novel dual specificity protein phosphatase. J Biol Chem. 2002;277;39566–39573.19 Viazov S, Ross RS, Niel C, de Oliveria JM, Varenholz C, Da Villa G, et al. Sequence variability in the putative coding region of TT virus: evidence for two rather than several major types. J Gen Virol 1998;79:3085–3089.20 Okamoto H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Ukita M, Fukuda M, Tsuda F, et al. Marked genomic heterogeneity and frequent mixed infection of TT virus demonstrated by PCR with primers from coding and noncoding regions. Virology 1999;259:428–436.21 Muljono DH, Nishizawa T, Tsuda F, Takahashi M, Okamoto H. Molecular epidemiology of TT virus (TTV) and characterization of two novel TTV genotypes in Indonesia. Arch Virol 2001;146:1249–1266.22 Erensoy S, Sayıner AA, Türkoglu,DS, Canatan US, Akarca R. Sertöz T, et al. TT Virus Infection and Genotype Distribution in Blood Donors and a Group of Patients from Turkey. Infection 2002;30:299–302.23 Kakkola L, Bondén H, Hedman L, Kivi N, Moisala S, Julin J, et al. Expression of all six human Torque teno virus (TTV) proteins in bacteria and in insect cells, and analysis of their IgG responses. Virology 2008;382:182–189.24 Shackelton LA, Parrish CR, Holmes EC. Evolutionary basis of codon usage and nucleotide composition bias in vertebrate DNA viruses. J Mol Evol 2006;62:551–563.25 Jelcic I, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Hunziker A, Zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. Isolation of multiple TT virus genotypes from spleen biopsy tissue from a Hodgkin’s disease patient: genome reorganization and diversity in the hypervariable region. J Virol 2004;78:7498–7507.26 Khudyakov YE, Cong ME, Nichols B, Reed D, Dou XG, Viazov SO, et al. Sequence heterogeneity of TT virus and closely related viruses. J Virol 2000;74:2990–3000.27 Borkosky SS, Whitley C, Kopp-Schneider A, zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. Epstein-Barr virus stimulates torque teno virus replication: a possible relationship to multiple sclerosis. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e32160.28 Maggi F, Bendinelli M. Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system. Rev Med Virol 2010;20:392e407.29 Tuncbilek S, Coskun D, Cetinkaya F, Hizel N, Tahtakılıc P. “Istanbul’da kan donorlerinde TT virusu (TTV) prevalansinin arastirilmasi”. Flora 1999;4:273–277.30 Altindis M, Aktepe OC, Cetinkaya Z, Ozdemir M. TT virus and hepatitis G in different risk groups in Afyon. Microbiyol Bul. 2004;38:61–67.31 Kalyon S, Bayram Y, Kutoğlu K, Kalyon ST, Yenice N. Kronik Hepatit B veya C’li Hastalarda TTV (Tork Teno Virüs) İnsidansı. Okmeydanı Tıp Dergisi 2012;28(1):8-13.32 Özener İÇ, Türe F, Koç M, Avşar E. SAPD Hastalarinda TT Virüs (TTV) Enfeksiyonu ve Prevelansı. Türk Nefroloji Diyaliz, ve Transplantasyon Dergisi 2001;10(2):93-97.33 Al-Qahtani AA, Alabsi ES, AbuOdeh R, Thalib L, Zowalaty ME, Nasrallah GK. Prevalence of anelloviruses (TTV, TTMDV, and TTMV) in healthy blood donors and in patients infected with HBV or HCV in Qatar. Al-Qahtani et al. J Virol 2016;13:208.34 Kew MC. Hepatitis viruses (other than hepatitis B and C viruses) as causes of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. J Viral Hepat 2013;20:149–157.35 Jarttia T, Jarttib L, Ruuskanena O and So¨ derlund-Venermoc M. New respiratory viral infections. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2012;18:271–278.36 Haramoto E, Katayama H, Oguma K, Ohgaki S. Application of cation-coated filter method to detection of noroviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and torque teno viruses in the Tamagawa River in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005;71:2403–2411.37 Al-Moslih MI, Perkins H, Hu YW. Genetic relationship of Torque Teno virus (TTV) between humans and camels in United Arab Emirates (UAE). J Med Virol 2007;79:188–191.38 Roperto S, Paciello O, Paolini F, Pagnini U, Palma E, Di Palo R, Russo V, Roperto F, Venuti A (2009) Short communication: detection of human Torque teno virus in the milk of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). J Dairy Sci 92:5928–5932.39 Spandole S, Tudor A, Berca LM, Adascalului M, Niculae OM, Cimponeriu D, et al. Torque teno viruses DNA found in meat products4. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013;24(1):94–95.40 Griffiths P. Time to consider the concept of a commensal virus? Rev Med Virol 1999;9:73–74.41 Sampietro M, Tavazzi D, Martinez di Montemuros F, Cerino M, Zatelli S, Lunghi G, et al. TT virus infection in adult beta-thalassemia major patients. Haematologica 2001;86:39–4342 Maggi F, Pifferi M, Fornai C, Andreoli E, Tempestini E, Vatteroni M, et al. TT virus in the nasal secretions of children with acute respiratory diseases: relations to viremia and disease severity. J Virol 2003;77:2418–2425.43 Bendinelli M, Pistello M, Maggi F, Fornai C, Freer G, Vatteroni ML. Molecular properties, biology, and clinical implications of TT virus, a recently identified widespread infectious agent of humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001;14:98-113.

Human Anelloviruses

Year 2018, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 462 - 469, 30.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.448521

Abstract

The widespread use of high-throughput sequencing on a
variety of biological human samples has altered the distribution of known viral
types, many new viruses have emerged. Torque teno viruses, closely related to
each other within the members of the Anelloviridae family, are recently
discovered viruses. It contains Torque teno virus from Alphatorquevirus genus,
Torque teno midi virus from Betatorquevirus genus, Torque teno midi virus from
Gammatorquevirus genus which are known to infect humans. The prevalence of
Anellovirus in the world is very high. The pathogenicity of these viruses to
humans is still unclear. Studies have shown that Anelloviruses are associated
with several diseases, especially hepatitis, such as respiratory, hematopoietic,
immune system, cancer but we still don’t have the exact data. As a result of
more comprehensive and efficient work in the field of basic virology and
immunology, we will increase our knowledge of Anelloviruses, answer our
questions that are pending.

References

  • 1 Wylie KM, Weinstock GM, Storch GA. Emerging view of the human virome. Transl Res 2012;160:283-290.2 Desai MM, Pal RB, Banker DD. Molecular epidemiology and clinical implications of TT virus (TTV) infection in Indian subjects. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005;39:422–429.3 Tokita H, Murai S, Kamitsukasa H, Yagura M, Harada H, Takahashi M, et al. High TT virus load as an independent factor associated with the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease. J Med Virol 2002;67:501–509.4 Christensen JK, Eugen-Olsen J, SLrensen M, Ullum H, Gjedde SB, Pedersen BK, et al. Prevalence and prognostic significance of infection with TT virus in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis. 2000;181:1796–1799.5 Rosario K, Duffy S, Breitbart M. A field guide to eukaryotic circular singlestranded DNA viruses insights gained from metagenomics. Arch Virol 2012;157:1851-1871.6 De Vlaminck I, Khush KK, Strehl C, Kohli B, Luikart H, Neff NF, et al. Temporal response of the human virome to immunosuppression and antiviral therapy. Cell 2013;155:1178-1187.7 Focosi D, Antonelli G, Pistello M, Maggi F. Torquetenovirus: the human virome from bench to bedside. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2016;22:589-5938 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. King AMQ. Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses: ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. London: Academic Press; 2012. 9 Nishizawa T, Okamoto H, Konishi K, Yoshizawa H, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. A novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with elevated transaminase levels in posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. Biochem. Biophys Res Commun 1997; 241:92–9710 Takahashi K, Iwasa Y, Hijikata M, Mishiro S. Identification of a new human DNA virus (TTV-like mini virus, TLMV) intermediately related to TT virus and chicken anemiavirus. Arch Virol 2000;145;979–993.11 Ninomiya M, Nishizawa T, Takahashi M, Lorenzo FR, Shimosegawa T, Okamoto H. Identification and genomic characterization of a novel human torque teno virus of 3.2 kb. J Gen Virol 2007;88:1939e44.12 Biagini P. Classification of TTV and related viruses (anelloviruses). Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009;331:21e33.13 Spandole S, Cimponeriu D, Berca LM, Miha˘escu G. Human anelloviruses: an update of molecular, epidemiological and clinical aspects. Arch Virol 2015;160:893–908.14 Biagini P, Gallian P, Cantaloube JF, Attoui H, Micco P and Lamballerie X. Distribution and Genetic Analysis of TTV and TTMV Major Phylogenetic Groups in French Blood Donors. Journal of Medical Virology 78:298–304 (2006).15 Okonechnikov K, Golosova O, Fursov M. Unipro UGENE: a unified bioinformatics toolkit. Bioinformatics 2012;28:1166–1167.16 Takahashi K, Ohta Y, Mishiro S. Partial 2.4-kb sequences of TT virus (TTV) genome from eight Japanese isolates: diagnostic and phylogenetic implications. Hepatol Res 1998;12:111–120.17 Kakkola L, Hedman K, Vanrobaeys H, Hedman L, Söderlund-Venermo M. Cloning and sequencing of TT virus genotype 6 and expression of antigenic open reading frame 2 proteins. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:979–990.18 Peters MA, Jackson DC, Crabb BS, Browning GF. Chicken anemia virus VP2 is a novel dual specificity protein phosphatase. J Biol Chem. 2002;277;39566–39573.19 Viazov S, Ross RS, Niel C, de Oliveria JM, Varenholz C, Da Villa G, et al. Sequence variability in the putative coding region of TT virus: evidence for two rather than several major types. J Gen Virol 1998;79:3085–3089.20 Okamoto H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Ukita M, Fukuda M, Tsuda F, et al. Marked genomic heterogeneity and frequent mixed infection of TT virus demonstrated by PCR with primers from coding and noncoding regions. Virology 1999;259:428–436.21 Muljono DH, Nishizawa T, Tsuda F, Takahashi M, Okamoto H. Molecular epidemiology of TT virus (TTV) and characterization of two novel TTV genotypes in Indonesia. Arch Virol 2001;146:1249–1266.22 Erensoy S, Sayıner AA, Türkoglu,DS, Canatan US, Akarca R. Sertöz T, et al. TT Virus Infection and Genotype Distribution in Blood Donors and a Group of Patients from Turkey. Infection 2002;30:299–302.23 Kakkola L, Bondén H, Hedman L, Kivi N, Moisala S, Julin J, et al. Expression of all six human Torque teno virus (TTV) proteins in bacteria and in insect cells, and analysis of their IgG responses. Virology 2008;382:182–189.24 Shackelton LA, Parrish CR, Holmes EC. Evolutionary basis of codon usage and nucleotide composition bias in vertebrate DNA viruses. J Mol Evol 2006;62:551–563.25 Jelcic I, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Hunziker A, Zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. Isolation of multiple TT virus genotypes from spleen biopsy tissue from a Hodgkin’s disease patient: genome reorganization and diversity in the hypervariable region. J Virol 2004;78:7498–7507.26 Khudyakov YE, Cong ME, Nichols B, Reed D, Dou XG, Viazov SO, et al. Sequence heterogeneity of TT virus and closely related viruses. J Virol 2000;74:2990–3000.27 Borkosky SS, Whitley C, Kopp-Schneider A, zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. Epstein-Barr virus stimulates torque teno virus replication: a possible relationship to multiple sclerosis. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e32160.28 Maggi F, Bendinelli M. Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system. Rev Med Virol 2010;20:392e407.29 Tuncbilek S, Coskun D, Cetinkaya F, Hizel N, Tahtakılıc P. “Istanbul’da kan donorlerinde TT virusu (TTV) prevalansinin arastirilmasi”. Flora 1999;4:273–277.30 Altindis M, Aktepe OC, Cetinkaya Z, Ozdemir M. TT virus and hepatitis G in different risk groups in Afyon. Microbiyol Bul. 2004;38:61–67.31 Kalyon S, Bayram Y, Kutoğlu K, Kalyon ST, Yenice N. Kronik Hepatit B veya C’li Hastalarda TTV (Tork Teno Virüs) İnsidansı. Okmeydanı Tıp Dergisi 2012;28(1):8-13.32 Özener İÇ, Türe F, Koç M, Avşar E. SAPD Hastalarinda TT Virüs (TTV) Enfeksiyonu ve Prevelansı. Türk Nefroloji Diyaliz, ve Transplantasyon Dergisi 2001;10(2):93-97.33 Al-Qahtani AA, Alabsi ES, AbuOdeh R, Thalib L, Zowalaty ME, Nasrallah GK. Prevalence of anelloviruses (TTV, TTMDV, and TTMV) in healthy blood donors and in patients infected with HBV or HCV in Qatar. Al-Qahtani et al. J Virol 2016;13:208.34 Kew MC. Hepatitis viruses (other than hepatitis B and C viruses) as causes of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. J Viral Hepat 2013;20:149–157.35 Jarttia T, Jarttib L, Ruuskanena O and So¨ derlund-Venermoc M. New respiratory viral infections. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2012;18:271–278.36 Haramoto E, Katayama H, Oguma K, Ohgaki S. Application of cation-coated filter method to detection of noroviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and torque teno viruses in the Tamagawa River in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005;71:2403–2411.37 Al-Moslih MI, Perkins H, Hu YW. Genetic relationship of Torque Teno virus (TTV) between humans and camels in United Arab Emirates (UAE). J Med Virol 2007;79:188–191.38 Roperto S, Paciello O, Paolini F, Pagnini U, Palma E, Di Palo R, Russo V, Roperto F, Venuti A (2009) Short communication: detection of human Torque teno virus in the milk of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). J Dairy Sci 92:5928–5932.39 Spandole S, Tudor A, Berca LM, Adascalului M, Niculae OM, Cimponeriu D, et al. Torque teno viruses DNA found in meat products4. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013;24(1):94–95.40 Griffiths P. Time to consider the concept of a commensal virus? Rev Med Virol 1999;9:73–74.41 Sampietro M, Tavazzi D, Martinez di Montemuros F, Cerino M, Zatelli S, Lunghi G, et al. TT virus infection in adult beta-thalassemia major patients. Haematologica 2001;86:39–4342 Maggi F, Pifferi M, Fornai C, Andreoli E, Tempestini E, Vatteroni M, et al. TT virus in the nasal secretions of children with acute respiratory diseases: relations to viremia and disease severity. J Virol 2003;77:2418–2425.43 Bendinelli M, Pistello M, Maggi F, Fornai C, Freer G, Vatteroni ML. Molecular properties, biology, and clinical implications of TT virus, a recently identified widespread infectious agent of humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001;14:98-113.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Semra Öz 0000-0002-2046-8706

Merve Pilavcı Adıgül

Mustafa Altındiş

Publication Date September 30, 2018
Submission Date July 27, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Öz S, Pilavcı Adıgül M, Altındiş M. İnsan Anellovirüsleri. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. September 2018;8(3):462-469. doi:10.31832/smj.448521

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