Research Article
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Exposure of Students to Bullying in A Secondary School and Evaluation of Related Factors

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 74 - 83, 20.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.455425

Abstract

Objective: Bullying that influences health and many
health related behaviors in adolescences can lead to negative changes on their
behaviors even in the later periods of life. The aim of this study is to
evaluate the cases of exposure to bullying, depression, anxiety state,
relations with the family and school success among the students in a middle
school in Adana.




Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out
among middle school students at 6th, 7th and 8th
grade in the city of Adana. The survey form applied to the students included
socio-demographic attributes, Child Depression Scale, STAI Scale, California
Bullying Victimization Scale, Family Assessment Scale and Conners Teacher
Rating Scale.




Results: The number of students at 6th, 7th
and 8th grade was 53 (44,5%), 29 (24,4%) and 37 (31,1%) respectively
. 33 of the students (27,7%) in the study were victims of peer bullying.
Students who were subject to violence at home, at lower year levels and with
non-graduate mothers were more exposed to bullying. The ones exposed to
bullying were detected to have high levels of depression anxiety and
hyperactivity.




Discussion: School bullying is an issue which is
common all over the world and should not be underestimated. This study has
ascertained that children exposed to bullying have high levels of anxiety and
incidence of depression, also these children were found to be more hyperactive.




References

  • 1. Brown DW, Riley L, Butchart A, Kann L. Bullying among youth from eight African countries and associations with adverse health behaviors. Pediatric Health. 2008;2(3):289–299.2. Olweus D. Bullying at schools: What we know andwhat we can do? Cambridge, MA, BlackwellPublishers, 1993, p.19.3. Fleming LC, Jacobsen KH. Bullying among middle-school students in low and middle income countries. Health Promotion International. 2010;25(1):73–84.4. Çetinkaya S, Nur N, Ayvaz A, Özdemir D, Kavakcı Ö.Sosyoekonomik durumu farklı üç ilköğretim okulu öğrencilerindeakran zorbalığının depresyon ve benlik saygısı düzeyiyle ilişkisi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2009; 10:151-1585. Newman D, Horne A, Bartolomucci C (2000) Bully Busters: Ateacher’s manual. Champaign, IL: Research Press.6. Smith PK (1991) The slient nightmare: Bullying and victimizationin school peer groups. Psychologist: Bull Br Psychol Soc 4: 243-248.7. Andreou E. Bully/Victim problems and their association with coping behaviour in conflictual peer interactions among school-age children. Educ Psychol 2001; 21:59-66.8. Schuster B (1996) Aussenseiter in der schule: Pravalenz von viktimisierung and zusammenhand mit sozialem status. Z AirSozialpsychologie 28: 251-264.9. Kochenderfer-Ladd B, Skinner K (2002) Children’s coping strategies: Moderators of the effects of peer victimization? Dev Psychol 38: 267-278.10. Schwartz D, Forver J, Chang L ve ark. (2002) Victimization inSouth Korean children’s peer groups. J Abnorm Child Psychol 30:113-125.11. Marsh HW, Parada RH, Yeung AS ve ark. (2001) Aggressiveschool trouble makers and victims: A longitudinal model examining the pivotal role of self-concept. J Educ Psychol 93: 411-419.12. Prinstein MJ, Boergers J,Vernberg EM (2001) Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social psychological adjustment ofaggressors and victims. J Clin Child Psychol 30: 479-491.13. Cole, J., Cornell, C. M., Dewey G., Sheras, P., (2006). Identification of School Bullies by Survey Methods., Professional School Counseling, 10962409, 9,(4)305-319 Harper Collins14. Austin, S., Joseph, S. (1996). Assessment of bully/victimproblems in 8 to 11 year olds. British Journal OfEducational Psychology, 66, 447-456.15. Schwartz, D. (2000). Subtypes of victims and aggressors inchildren’s peer groups. Journal of Abnormal ChildPsychology, 28, 181-192.16. Pekel-Uludağlı, N. , Uçanok, Z. (2005). Akran Zorbalığı Gruplarında Yalnızlık ve Akademik Başarıları ile Sosyometrik Statüye Göre Zorba-Kurban Davranışı Türleri, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 20 (56) 77–9217. Öy B. Çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1991; 2:132-136.18. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. California: Consulting Psychologist’s Press, Palo Alto, 1970, s: 23-49. 19. Öner N, Le Compte A. Durumluk Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı, İstanbul, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları 1983, s: 1-26.20. Atik G. Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Mağduriyetinde Etkili Olan Öğrenci ve Okul Düzeyi Faktörleri: Ekolojik Bir Bakış Açısı. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Doktora Tezi 2013.21. Bulut, I. (1990). Aile Değerlendirme Ölçeği El Kitabı.Ankara: Özgüzeliş Matbaası.22. Conners CK. A teacherratingscaleforuse in drugstudieswithchildren. Am J Psychiatry.1969;126:884-888. 23. Şener Ş, Dereboy Ç, Dereboy F, et al. Conners Öğretmen Derecelendirme Ölçeği Türkçe Uyarlaması-1. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh SağlığıDergisi. 1995;2:131-141. 24. Dereboy Ç, Şener Ş, Dereboy F, et al. Conners Öğretmen Derecelendirme Ölçeği Türkçe Uyarlaması-2. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh SağlığıDergisi. 1997;4:10-18.25. Pişkin, M. (2005). Okulda Akran Zorbalığı. Ankara Valiliği İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü Özel Eğitim Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışma Hizmetleri Bölümü “Okullarda Şiddet” Paneli. Ankara, 2005.26. Olweus, D. (1999). Sweden. In P. K. Smith, Y. Morita, J. Junger-Tas, D. Olweus, R. Catalano & P. Slee (Eds.), The nature of school bullying: A cross national perspective (pp. 7-27). London and New York: Routledge.27. O’Moore, M. and Hillery (1989). Bullying in Dublin School. Irish Journal ofPschology, 10, 426-441.28. Rigby, K. and Slee, P.T. (1991). Bullying among Australian school children: Reported behavior and attitudes toward victims. Journal of Social Psychology. 131(5), 615-627.29. Slee, P.T. (1993). Bullying: A preliminary investigation of its nature and the effects of social cognition. Early Child Development and Care, 87, 47-57.30. Boulton, M.J. and Underwood, K. (1992). Bully/victim problems among middle school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62, 73-87.31. Whitney, I., Nabuzoka, D. and Smith, P.K. (1992). Bullying in schools: Mainstreams and special needs. Support for Learning, 7, 3-7.32. Charach, A., Pepler, D., and Ziegler, S. (1995). Bullying at schools: A Canadian perspective. Education Canada, 12-18.33. Salmon, G., Jones, A., and Smith, D.M.(1998). Bullying in school: Self-reported anxiety and self-esteem in secondary school children. British Medical Journal, 317, (7163) 924-5.34. Glew, G., Rivara, F. and Feudtner, C. (2000). Bullying: Children hurting children.Pediatrics in Review, 21, 183-190.35. Dake, J.A., Price, J.H. and Telljohann, J.K. (2003). The nature and extent of bullying at school. Journal of Scholl Health, 73(5), 173-181.36. McNamara, B., & McNamara, F. (1997). Keys to dealing with bullies. Hauppauge, NY: Barron’s.37. Smokowski, P.R. and Kopasz, K.H. (2005). Bullying in school: an overview of types, effects, family characteristics and intervention strategies. Children & Schools, 27, 101- 110.38. Alikaşifoğlu, M. (2011). Akran istismarı, Türk Pediatri Arşivi Dergisi 46, 31-34.39. Andreou, E. (2001). Bully/victim problems and their association with coping behaviour in conflictual peer interactions among school-age children. Educational Psychology21 (1), 59-66.40. Crothers, L. M. and Levinson, E. M. (2004). Assessment of bullying: a review of methods and instruments, Journal of Counseling & Development, 496-503.41. Mishna, F., Scarcello, I., Pepler, D. ve Wiener, J. Teachers' Understanding of Bullying, Canadian Journal of Education 28 (4), 718-738.42. Şahin, M., Demirağ, S., Aykaç, F. (2009), “Ana sınıfı öğretmenlerinin akran zorbalığı ile ilgili algıları”, Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 17, s. 1-16.

Bir Orta Okulda Öğrencilerin Zorbalığa Maruziyeti ve İlgili Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 74 - 83, 20.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.455425

Abstract

Amaç: Ergenlerde sağlık ve birçok
sağlıkla ilgili davranışları etkileyen zorbalık, yaşamın sonraki dönemlerinde
bile davranışlarda olumsuz değişikliğe neden olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı,
Adana'daki ortaokul öğrencilerinde zorbalık, depresyon, kaygı durumu, aileyle
ilişkiler ve okul başarısı ile ilgili olguların değerlendirilmesidir.



Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Adana
ilinde 6., 7. ve 8. sınıflarda ortaokul öğrencileri arasında yürütülmüştür.
Öğrencilere uygulanan anket formu, sosyodemografik özellikler, Çocuk Depresyon
Ölçeği, Durumluk Kaygı Ölçeği, Kaliforniya Zorbalık Mağduriyet Ölçeği, Aile
Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Öğretmenlik Derecelendirme Ölçeği'dir.



Bulgular: 6., 7. ve 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin
sayısı sırasıyla 53 (% 44,5), 29 (% 24,4) ve 37 (% 31,1) idi. Araştırmada 33
öğrenci (% 27,7) akran zorbalığı kurbanıydı. Evde şiddete maruz kalan, daha
düşük sınıfta okuyan ve anneleri  okul
bitirmemiş olan öğrenciler, zorbalığa daha çok maruz kalmıştı. Zorbalığa maruz
kalanlarda yüksek düzeyde depresyon, kaygı ve hiperaktivite saptanmıştır.



Tartışma: Okul zorbalığı, tüm dünyada yaygın
olan ve göz ardı edilmemesi gereken bir konudur. Bu çalışma, zorbalığa maruz
kalan çocukların yüksek düzeyde kaygı ve depresyon sıklığı taşıdığını ve bu
çocukların daha hiperaktif olduklarını tespit etmiştir.

References

  • 1. Brown DW, Riley L, Butchart A, Kann L. Bullying among youth from eight African countries and associations with adverse health behaviors. Pediatric Health. 2008;2(3):289–299.2. Olweus D. Bullying at schools: What we know andwhat we can do? Cambridge, MA, BlackwellPublishers, 1993, p.19.3. Fleming LC, Jacobsen KH. Bullying among middle-school students in low and middle income countries. Health Promotion International. 2010;25(1):73–84.4. Çetinkaya S, Nur N, Ayvaz A, Özdemir D, Kavakcı Ö.Sosyoekonomik durumu farklı üç ilköğretim okulu öğrencilerindeakran zorbalığının depresyon ve benlik saygısı düzeyiyle ilişkisi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2009; 10:151-1585. Newman D, Horne A, Bartolomucci C (2000) Bully Busters: Ateacher’s manual. Champaign, IL: Research Press.6. Smith PK (1991) The slient nightmare: Bullying and victimizationin school peer groups. Psychologist: Bull Br Psychol Soc 4: 243-248.7. Andreou E. Bully/Victim problems and their association with coping behaviour in conflictual peer interactions among school-age children. Educ Psychol 2001; 21:59-66.8. Schuster B (1996) Aussenseiter in der schule: Pravalenz von viktimisierung and zusammenhand mit sozialem status. Z AirSozialpsychologie 28: 251-264.9. Kochenderfer-Ladd B, Skinner K (2002) Children’s coping strategies: Moderators of the effects of peer victimization? Dev Psychol 38: 267-278.10. Schwartz D, Forver J, Chang L ve ark. (2002) Victimization inSouth Korean children’s peer groups. J Abnorm Child Psychol 30:113-125.11. Marsh HW, Parada RH, Yeung AS ve ark. (2001) Aggressiveschool trouble makers and victims: A longitudinal model examining the pivotal role of self-concept. J Educ Psychol 93: 411-419.12. Prinstein MJ, Boergers J,Vernberg EM (2001) Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social psychological adjustment ofaggressors and victims. J Clin Child Psychol 30: 479-491.13. Cole, J., Cornell, C. M., Dewey G., Sheras, P., (2006). Identification of School Bullies by Survey Methods., Professional School Counseling, 10962409, 9,(4)305-319 Harper Collins14. Austin, S., Joseph, S. (1996). Assessment of bully/victimproblems in 8 to 11 year olds. British Journal OfEducational Psychology, 66, 447-456.15. Schwartz, D. (2000). Subtypes of victims and aggressors inchildren’s peer groups. Journal of Abnormal ChildPsychology, 28, 181-192.16. Pekel-Uludağlı, N. , Uçanok, Z. (2005). Akran Zorbalığı Gruplarında Yalnızlık ve Akademik Başarıları ile Sosyometrik Statüye Göre Zorba-Kurban Davranışı Türleri, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 20 (56) 77–9217. Öy B. Çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1991; 2:132-136.18. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. California: Consulting Psychologist’s Press, Palo Alto, 1970, s: 23-49. 19. Öner N, Le Compte A. Durumluk Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı, İstanbul, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları 1983, s: 1-26.20. Atik G. Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Mağduriyetinde Etkili Olan Öğrenci ve Okul Düzeyi Faktörleri: Ekolojik Bir Bakış Açısı. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Doktora Tezi 2013.21. Bulut, I. (1990). Aile Değerlendirme Ölçeği El Kitabı.Ankara: Özgüzeliş Matbaası.22. Conners CK. A teacherratingscaleforuse in drugstudieswithchildren. Am J Psychiatry.1969;126:884-888. 23. Şener Ş, Dereboy Ç, Dereboy F, et al. Conners Öğretmen Derecelendirme Ölçeği Türkçe Uyarlaması-1. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh SağlığıDergisi. 1995;2:131-141. 24. Dereboy Ç, Şener Ş, Dereboy F, et al. Conners Öğretmen Derecelendirme Ölçeği Türkçe Uyarlaması-2. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh SağlığıDergisi. 1997;4:10-18.25. Pişkin, M. (2005). Okulda Akran Zorbalığı. Ankara Valiliği İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü Özel Eğitim Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışma Hizmetleri Bölümü “Okullarda Şiddet” Paneli. Ankara, 2005.26. Olweus, D. (1999). Sweden. In P. K. Smith, Y. Morita, J. Junger-Tas, D. Olweus, R. Catalano & P. Slee (Eds.), The nature of school bullying: A cross national perspective (pp. 7-27). London and New York: Routledge.27. O’Moore, M. and Hillery (1989). Bullying in Dublin School. Irish Journal ofPschology, 10, 426-441.28. Rigby, K. and Slee, P.T. (1991). Bullying among Australian school children: Reported behavior and attitudes toward victims. Journal of Social Psychology. 131(5), 615-627.29. Slee, P.T. (1993). Bullying: A preliminary investigation of its nature and the effects of social cognition. Early Child Development and Care, 87, 47-57.30. Boulton, M.J. and Underwood, K. (1992). Bully/victim problems among middle school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62, 73-87.31. Whitney, I., Nabuzoka, D. and Smith, P.K. (1992). Bullying in schools: Mainstreams and special needs. Support for Learning, 7, 3-7.32. Charach, A., Pepler, D., and Ziegler, S. (1995). Bullying at schools: A Canadian perspective. Education Canada, 12-18.33. Salmon, G., Jones, A., and Smith, D.M.(1998). Bullying in school: Self-reported anxiety and self-esteem in secondary school children. British Medical Journal, 317, (7163) 924-5.34. Glew, G., Rivara, F. and Feudtner, C. (2000). Bullying: Children hurting children.Pediatrics in Review, 21, 183-190.35. Dake, J.A., Price, J.H. and Telljohann, J.K. (2003). The nature and extent of bullying at school. Journal of Scholl Health, 73(5), 173-181.36. McNamara, B., & McNamara, F. (1997). Keys to dealing with bullies. Hauppauge, NY: Barron’s.37. Smokowski, P.R. and Kopasz, K.H. (2005). Bullying in school: an overview of types, effects, family characteristics and intervention strategies. Children & Schools, 27, 101- 110.38. Alikaşifoğlu, M. (2011). Akran istismarı, Türk Pediatri Arşivi Dergisi 46, 31-34.39. Andreou, E. (2001). Bully/victim problems and their association with coping behaviour in conflictual peer interactions among school-age children. Educational Psychology21 (1), 59-66.40. Crothers, L. M. and Levinson, E. M. (2004). Assessment of bullying: a review of methods and instruments, Journal of Counseling & Development, 496-503.41. Mishna, F., Scarcello, I., Pepler, D. ve Wiener, J. Teachers' Understanding of Bullying, Canadian Journal of Education 28 (4), 718-738.42. Şahin, M., Demirağ, S., Aykaç, F. (2009), “Ana sınıfı öğretmenlerinin akran zorbalığı ile ilgili algıları”, Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 17, s. 1-16.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ersin Nazlıcan

Gonca Gül Çelik This is me

Muhsin Akbaba

Ramazan Azim Okyay

Burak Kurt

Ayşegül Yolga Tahiroğlu

Publication Date March 20, 2019
Submission Date August 28, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Nazlıcan E, Çelik GG, Akbaba M, Okyay RA, Kurt B, Yolga Tahiroğlu A. Exposure of Students to Bullying in A Secondary School and Evaluation of Related Factors. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. March 2019;9(1):74-83. doi:10.31832/smj.455425

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