Effects of plant sterols/stanols on atherosclerotic process and cardiovascular diseases

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 218 - 229, 28.06.2019

Hande Çekici Hilal Yıldıran

https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.527116

Abstract

It
is known that the morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases in
our country and have reached serious numbers in the world. Nowadays, the
morbidity of cardiovascular diseases has increased with changing lifestyle and
dietary habits. Dietary plant sterols/stanols may alter and improve these
adverse environmental conditions through various mechanisms. The mechanism of
action is the regulation of cholesterol and lipid regulatory targets in
enterohepatic cycle. There are important effects in the intestinal lumen such
as competing with exogenous (dietary) and endogenous cholesterol, reducing the
absorption of intestinal cholesterol and altering the expression of genes
involved in cholesterol synthesis. Its effectiveness in the hepatic cycle
significantly reduces total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
and triglyceride serum concentrations, which are risk factors for
cardiovascular diseases. In addition, it affects the atherosclerotic process by
decreasing plasma fibrinogen levels and thrombotic effects that play an
important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. 

Keywords

Cardiovascular diseases; phytosterols; atherosclerosis

Bitkisel Sterollerin/Stanollerin Aterosklerotik Süreç ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Tüm
dünyada ve ülkemizde kardiyovasküler hastalıklardan kaynaklanan morbiditenin ve
mortalitenin ciddi rakamlara ulaştığı bilinmektedir. Günümüzde, yaşam tarzı ve
beslenme alışkanlıkları değişimi ile kardiyovasküler hastalıkların morbiditesi
artmıştır. Diyet ile alınan bitkisel steroller/stanoller, bu olumsuz
çevresel koşulları çeşitli mekanizmalar aracılığıyla değiştirebilir ve
iyileştirebilir. Etki mekanizması ise enterohepatik döngü içindeki kolesterol
ve lipid düzenleyici hedeflerin regülasyonudur. Bağırsak lümeninde eksojen
(diyet) ve endojen kaynaklı kolesterol ile rekabet etmek, bağırsak kolesterolü
emilimini azaltmak ve kolesterol sentezinde görevli genlerin ekspresyonunu
değiştirmek gibi önemli etkileri vardır. Hepatik döngü içerisindeki etkinliği
ile kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için risk faktörü olan total kolesterol, düşük
yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol ve trigliserit serum konsantrasyonlarını
önemli ölçüde düşürmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, aterosklerozun patogenezinde
önemli rol oynayan plazma fibrinojen düzeylerini ve trombotik etkiye neden olan
trombosit düzeylerini azaltarak aterosklerotik sürece etki etmektedir.

Keywords

Kalp ve damar hastalıkları; fitosteroller; ateroskleroz

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