Research Article
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Determination of Health Literacy Levels and Related Factors of Teachers Working in Malatya

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 28 - 36, 16.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.636313

Abstract

Objective

Health
literacy (HL) is a cognitive and social skill that covers the processes of
accessing, understanding and applying information about health.
The teachers' HL levels are very important both for
themselves and the society because ofthe social environment in which they work
and live.In this descriptive and cross-sectional study,it was aimed to
determine the HL level and related factors of teachers working in Malatya

Materials and Methods

This study was applied to teachers working in
Malatya Provincial Directorate of National Education.The total number of
teachers were 11.851.
In the study,which aims to
reach 1000 people, the responses of 875 participants were evaluated.The
questionnaire consisted of 4 sections.In the first part; There were socio-demographic
questions consisting of 16 questions.
Second (47questions), third
(12questions) and fourth (11questions) as a data collection tool, Saglik-Sen Turkey
Health Literacy Survey were used.

Results

The mean age of the study
group was 37.69±7.95 and 52.57% were female.
The mean score of general HL
index was found to be 33.36±8.44, and 49.60% of the group was in the inadequate
or problematic HL category.HL levels were found to be different according to
education, economic status and general health status (p<0.05).

Conclusion















It
is seen that approximately half of the teachers who are at the top of the
society in terms of education level are inadequate or problematic HL level.

It
is necessary to increase the efforts to determine the HL levels of teachers and
to make the necessary interventions as a result of these findings.

References

  • 1. Kickbusch I, Pelikan JM, Apfel F, Tsouros AD, editors. Health literacy: the solid facts. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2013. 73 p.
  • 2. Pleasant A, Kuruvilla S. A tale of two health literacies: public health and clinical approaches to health literacy. Health Promotion International 2008;23(2):152–9.
  • 3. Sørensen K, Van den Broucke S, Fullam J, Doyle G, Pelikan J, Slonska Z, et al. Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC public health 2012;12(1):80.
  • 4. Bilir N. Sağlık okur-yazarlığı/Health literacy. Turkish Journal of Public Health 2014;12(1):61–68.
  • 5. Williams MV, Baker DW, Parker RM, Nurss JR. Relationship of functional health literacy to patients’ knowledge of their chronic disease: A study of patients with hypertension and diabetes. Archives of Internal Medicine 1998;158(2):166.
  • 6. Ad Hoc Committee on Health Literacy for the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. Health Literacy: Report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. JAMA 1999;281(6):552–7.
  • 7. Bohlman LN, Panzer AM, Kindig DA. Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press 2004 [Erişim: 10.09.2019]. Web: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10883
  • 8. Nutbeam D. Helth promotion glossary. Health Promotion International 1998;13(4):349–64.
  • 9. Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International 2000;15(3):259–67.
  • 10. Deniz S, Öztaş D, Akbaba M. Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde çalışan sağlık personelinin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi 2018;8(2):214–28.
  • 11. Özdoğan SB. Radyoterapi Alan Hasta ve Yakınlarının Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Gereksinimlerine Yönelik Öğretim Materyali Geliştirilmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. [Ankara]: Başkent Üniversitesi; 2014.
  • 12. Sezer A. Sağlık Okuryazarlığının Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları İle İlişkisi [Doktora Tezi]. [İstanbul]: Marmara Üniversitesi; 2012 [Erşim: 15.9.2019]. Web: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/TezGoster?key=7d53ed97e31a8bd307a257b743fb32ff70180749b5da3044684d473b2ec4f7d489c5103d590b5dfe
  • 13. Tanrıöver MD, Yıldırım HH, Demiray Ready N, Çakır B, Akalın E. Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Araştırması. 1st ed. Ankara: Sağlık-Sen; 2014. 96 p.
  • 14. Uğurlu Z, Akgün HS. Sağlık kurumlarına başvuran hastaların sağlık okuryazarlığının ve kullanılan eğitim materyallerinin sağlık okuryazarlığına uygunluğunun değerlendirilmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2019;12(1):96–106.
  • 15. Batterham RW, Hawkins M, Collins PA, Buchbinder R, Osborne RH. Health literacy: applying current concepts to improve health services and reduce health inequalities. Public Health 2016;132:3–12.
  • 16. Sørensen K, Pelikan JM, Röthlin F, Ganahl K, Slonska Z, Doyle G, et al. Health literacy in Europe: comparative results of the European health literacy survey (HLS-EU). Eur J Public Health 2015;25(6):1053–8.
  • 17. Kobayashi LC, Wardle J, Wolf MS, von Wagner C. Aging and Functional Health Literacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2016;71(3):445–57.
  • 18. Dennis S, Williams A, Taggart J, Newall A, Denney-Wilson E, Zwar N, et al. Which providers can bridge the health literacy gap in lifestyle risk factor modification education: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMC Fam Pract 2012;13(1):44.
  • 19. Yilmazel G, Cetinkaya F. Health literacy among schoolteachers in Çorum, Turkey. East Mediterr Health J 2015;21(8):598–605. 20. Almaleh R, Helmy Y, Farhat E, Hasan H, Abdelhafez A. Assessment of health literacy among outpatient clinics attendees at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Egypt: a cross-sectional study. Public Health 2017;151:137–45.
  • 21. Ozdemir H, Alper Z, Uncu Y, Bilgel N. Health literacy among adults: a study from Turkey. Health Education Research 2010;25(3):464–77.
  • 22. Wagner C v., Knight K, Steptoe A, Wardle J. Functional health literacy and health-promoting behaviour in a national sample of British adults. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2007;61(12):1086–90.
  • 23. Duong TV, Chang PW, Yang S-H, Chen M-C, Chao W-T, Chen T, et al. A New Comprehensive Short-form Health Literacy Survey Tool for Patients in General. Asian Nursing Research 2017;11(1):30–5.
  • 24. Kutner M, Greenburg E, Jin Y, Paulsen C. The Health Literacy of America’s Adults: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. NCES 2006-483. National Center for Education Statistics. 2006 [Erişim: 10.08.2019]; Web: http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED493284
  • 25. HLS-EU CONSORTIUM (2012). Comparative Report on Health Literacy In Eight EU Member States. The European Health Literacy Survey HLS-EU. 2012.
  • 26. Tokuda Y, Doba N, Butler JP, Paasche-Orlow MK. Health literacy and physical and psychological wellbeing in Japanese adults. Patient Education and Counseling 2009;75(3):411–7.
  • 27. Liu Y-B, Liu L, Li Y-F, Chen Y-L. Relationship between Health Literacy, Health-Related Behaviors and Health Status: A Survey of Elderly Chinese. IJERPH 2015;12(8):9714–25.
  • 28. Inoue M, Takahashi M, Kai I. Impact of communicative and critical health literacy on understanding of diabetes care and self-efficacy in diabetes management: a cross-sectional study of primary care in Japan. BMC Fam Pract 2013;14(1):40.
  • 29. Berens E-M, Vogt D, Messer M, Hurrelmann K, Schaeffer D. Health literacy among different age groups in Germany: results of a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2016;16(1):1151.
  • 30. Doyle G, Cafferkey K, Fullam J. The European health literacy survey: Results from Ireland. Dublin: University College; 2012 [Erişim:05.08.2019]. Web: http://vc-health.kums.ac.ir/kums_content/media/image/2013/09/33757_orig.pdf
  • 31. Wolf MS, Gazmararian JA, Baker DW. Health Literacy and Functional Health Status Among Older Adults. Arch Intern Med 2005;165(17):1946–52.
  • 32. Shah LC, West P, Bremmeyr K, Savoy-Moore RT. Health Literacy Instrument in Family Medicine: The ‘Newest Vital Sign’ Ease of Use and Correlates. J Am Board Fam Med 2010;23(2):195–203.
  • 33. Jayasinghe UW, Harris MF, Parker SM, Litt J, van Driel M, Mazza D, et al. The impact of health literacy and life style risk factors on health-related quality of life of Australian patients. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2016;14(1):68.
  • 34. Özaydın Ü, Can MF, Yılmaz S. Bireylerde Bazı Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Tutum ve Davranışları: Hatay İli Örneği. Smyrna Tıp Dergisi 2018;(1):34–41.

Malatya İlinde Çalışan Öğretmenlerin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeylerinin ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 28 - 36, 16.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.636313

Abstract

Amaç



Sağlık okuryazarlığı (SOY)
sağlığa ilişkin bilgilere erişim, bu bilgilerin anlaşılması ve uygulanması süreçlerini
kapsayan bilişsel ve sosyal bir beceridir.
Öğretmenlerin SOY
düzeyleri, çalıştıkları ve içinde bulundukları sosyal ortam nedeni ile hem
kendileri hem toplum açısından oldukça önemlidir. Kesitsel nitelikteki bu
araştırmada M
alatya ilinde çalışan öğretmenlerin SOY düzeyinin ve ilişkili
faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.



Gereç ve Yöntemler



Bu çalışma, Malatya İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne
bağlı okullarda çalışan öğretmenlere uygulandı.
Malatya’da Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı okullarda çalışan toplam
öğretmen sayısı 11
.851’di. Toplam 1000 kişiye ulaşılması hedeflenen araştırmada 875
katılımcının cevapları değerlendirildi. Anket formu 4 bölümden oluşmaktaydı.
Birinci bölümünde; 16 sorudan oluşan sosyo - demografik sorular bulunmaktaydı.
İkinci (47 soru), üçüncü (12 soru) ve dördüncü (11 soru) bölümlerinde veri
toplama aracı olarak Sağlık-Sen Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Araştırması için
Türkçe'ye çevrilen Avrupa Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Araştırması Anketi (HLS-EU-Q)
kullanıldı.



Bulgular



Çalışma grubunun yaş ortalaması 37,69±7,95 yıl, %52,57’si
kadındı.  Genel SOY indeksi puan
ortalaması 33,36±8,44 olarak tespit edilen grubun %49,60’ı yetersiz veya
sorunlu SOY kategorisinde yer almaktaydı. Eğitim, ekonomik durum ve genel
sağlık durumuna göre SOY düzeylerinin farklı olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,05).



Sonuç



Toplumun
yüksek eğitim seviyesine sahip bireylerinden olan öğretmenlerin, yaklaşık
yarısının yetersiz veya sorunlu SOY düzeyinde olduğu görülmektedir.
Öğretmenlerin SOY düzeylerinin tespiti çalışmalarının artırılması ve bu
tespitler neticesinde gerekli müdahalelerin yapılması gerekmektedir. 

References

  • 1. Kickbusch I, Pelikan JM, Apfel F, Tsouros AD, editors. Health literacy: the solid facts. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2013. 73 p.
  • 2. Pleasant A, Kuruvilla S. A tale of two health literacies: public health and clinical approaches to health literacy. Health Promotion International 2008;23(2):152–9.
  • 3. Sørensen K, Van den Broucke S, Fullam J, Doyle G, Pelikan J, Slonska Z, et al. Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC public health 2012;12(1):80.
  • 4. Bilir N. Sağlık okur-yazarlığı/Health literacy. Turkish Journal of Public Health 2014;12(1):61–68.
  • 5. Williams MV, Baker DW, Parker RM, Nurss JR. Relationship of functional health literacy to patients’ knowledge of their chronic disease: A study of patients with hypertension and diabetes. Archives of Internal Medicine 1998;158(2):166.
  • 6. Ad Hoc Committee on Health Literacy for the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. Health Literacy: Report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. JAMA 1999;281(6):552–7.
  • 7. Bohlman LN, Panzer AM, Kindig DA. Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press 2004 [Erişim: 10.09.2019]. Web: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10883
  • 8. Nutbeam D. Helth promotion glossary. Health Promotion International 1998;13(4):349–64.
  • 9. Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International 2000;15(3):259–67.
  • 10. Deniz S, Öztaş D, Akbaba M. Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde çalışan sağlık personelinin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi 2018;8(2):214–28.
  • 11. Özdoğan SB. Radyoterapi Alan Hasta ve Yakınlarının Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Gereksinimlerine Yönelik Öğretim Materyali Geliştirilmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. [Ankara]: Başkent Üniversitesi; 2014.
  • 12. Sezer A. Sağlık Okuryazarlığının Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları İle İlişkisi [Doktora Tezi]. [İstanbul]: Marmara Üniversitesi; 2012 [Erşim: 15.9.2019]. Web: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/TezGoster?key=7d53ed97e31a8bd307a257b743fb32ff70180749b5da3044684d473b2ec4f7d489c5103d590b5dfe
  • 13. Tanrıöver MD, Yıldırım HH, Demiray Ready N, Çakır B, Akalın E. Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Araştırması. 1st ed. Ankara: Sağlık-Sen; 2014. 96 p.
  • 14. Uğurlu Z, Akgün HS. Sağlık kurumlarına başvuran hastaların sağlık okuryazarlığının ve kullanılan eğitim materyallerinin sağlık okuryazarlığına uygunluğunun değerlendirilmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2019;12(1):96–106.
  • 15. Batterham RW, Hawkins M, Collins PA, Buchbinder R, Osborne RH. Health literacy: applying current concepts to improve health services and reduce health inequalities. Public Health 2016;132:3–12.
  • 16. Sørensen K, Pelikan JM, Röthlin F, Ganahl K, Slonska Z, Doyle G, et al. Health literacy in Europe: comparative results of the European health literacy survey (HLS-EU). Eur J Public Health 2015;25(6):1053–8.
  • 17. Kobayashi LC, Wardle J, Wolf MS, von Wagner C. Aging and Functional Health Literacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2016;71(3):445–57.
  • 18. Dennis S, Williams A, Taggart J, Newall A, Denney-Wilson E, Zwar N, et al. Which providers can bridge the health literacy gap in lifestyle risk factor modification education: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMC Fam Pract 2012;13(1):44.
  • 19. Yilmazel G, Cetinkaya F. Health literacy among schoolteachers in Çorum, Turkey. East Mediterr Health J 2015;21(8):598–605. 20. Almaleh R, Helmy Y, Farhat E, Hasan H, Abdelhafez A. Assessment of health literacy among outpatient clinics attendees at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Egypt: a cross-sectional study. Public Health 2017;151:137–45.
  • 21. Ozdemir H, Alper Z, Uncu Y, Bilgel N. Health literacy among adults: a study from Turkey. Health Education Research 2010;25(3):464–77.
  • 22. Wagner C v., Knight K, Steptoe A, Wardle J. Functional health literacy and health-promoting behaviour in a national sample of British adults. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2007;61(12):1086–90.
  • 23. Duong TV, Chang PW, Yang S-H, Chen M-C, Chao W-T, Chen T, et al. A New Comprehensive Short-form Health Literacy Survey Tool for Patients in General. Asian Nursing Research 2017;11(1):30–5.
  • 24. Kutner M, Greenburg E, Jin Y, Paulsen C. The Health Literacy of America’s Adults: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. NCES 2006-483. National Center for Education Statistics. 2006 [Erişim: 10.08.2019]; Web: http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED493284
  • 25. HLS-EU CONSORTIUM (2012). Comparative Report on Health Literacy In Eight EU Member States. The European Health Literacy Survey HLS-EU. 2012.
  • 26. Tokuda Y, Doba N, Butler JP, Paasche-Orlow MK. Health literacy and physical and psychological wellbeing in Japanese adults. Patient Education and Counseling 2009;75(3):411–7.
  • 27. Liu Y-B, Liu L, Li Y-F, Chen Y-L. Relationship between Health Literacy, Health-Related Behaviors and Health Status: A Survey of Elderly Chinese. IJERPH 2015;12(8):9714–25.
  • 28. Inoue M, Takahashi M, Kai I. Impact of communicative and critical health literacy on understanding of diabetes care and self-efficacy in diabetes management: a cross-sectional study of primary care in Japan. BMC Fam Pract 2013;14(1):40.
  • 29. Berens E-M, Vogt D, Messer M, Hurrelmann K, Schaeffer D. Health literacy among different age groups in Germany: results of a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2016;16(1):1151.
  • 30. Doyle G, Cafferkey K, Fullam J. The European health literacy survey: Results from Ireland. Dublin: University College; 2012 [Erişim:05.08.2019]. Web: http://vc-health.kums.ac.ir/kums_content/media/image/2013/09/33757_orig.pdf
  • 31. Wolf MS, Gazmararian JA, Baker DW. Health Literacy and Functional Health Status Among Older Adults. Arch Intern Med 2005;165(17):1946–52.
  • 32. Shah LC, West P, Bremmeyr K, Savoy-Moore RT. Health Literacy Instrument in Family Medicine: The ‘Newest Vital Sign’ Ease of Use and Correlates. J Am Board Fam Med 2010;23(2):195–203.
  • 33. Jayasinghe UW, Harris MF, Parker SM, Litt J, van Driel M, Mazza D, et al. The impact of health literacy and life style risk factors on health-related quality of life of Australian patients. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2016;14(1):68.
  • 34. Özaydın Ü, Can MF, Yılmaz S. Bireylerde Bazı Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Tutum ve Davranışları: Hatay İli Örneği. Smyrna Tıp Dergisi 2018;(1):34–41.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Serdar Deniz 0000-0002-6941-4813

Recep Bentli

Merve Tuğçe Kalkanlı This is me

Betül Fırıncı This is me

Fatih Yalınız This is me

Ekrem Demir This is me

Ayşe Ferdane Oğuzöncül

Muhsin Akbaba

Publication Date March 16, 2020
Submission Date October 22, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Deniz S, Bentli R, Kalkanlı MT, Fırıncı B, Yalınız F, Demir E, Oğuzöncül AF, Akbaba M. Malatya İlinde Çalışan Öğretmenlerin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeylerinin ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. March 2020;10(1):28-36. doi:10.31832/smj.636313

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