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Bir üniversite hastanesine gebelikte ilaç kullanımı için başvuran gebelerin değerlendirilmesi: Bir Olgu Serisi

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 459 - 466, 15.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.762086

Abstract

AMAÇ: Gebelikte ilaç kullanımı hem anne hem de fetüs için olumsuz etkiler oluşturabilir. İlaç kullanımına bağlı teratojenite risk değerlendirmesi bu etkileri azaltmak için önemlidir. Bu çalışmada amacımız kliniğimize başvuran gebelerde en sık kullanılan ilaçları ve bunlara ait güncel bilgileri değerlendirmektir.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEMLER: Bu çalışmada 1 Ocak 2011- 31 Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında Tıbbi Farmakoloji Anabilim dalına ilaç kullanım öyküsüyle başvuran gebeler retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm gebelerin bir kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanın tarafından gebeliği tıbbi olarak kanıtlanmıştır. Gebelikte kullanılan ilaçlar ‘Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical’ (ATC) sınıflandırılması kodlarına göre sınıflandırılmış, risk kategorisi olarak Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi ( FDA ) kategorileri kullanılmıştır.
BULGULAR: Çalışmada 109 gebe değerlendirilmiştir. Gebelerin ortalama yaşı 32 olup, %37,61’i 30-34 yaş aralığındadır. Gebelik sırasında en sık kullanılan ilaçlar kemoterapötikler (%13,02), antiinflamatuvar ve romatizmal ilaçlar (%12,67), solunum sistemi ilaçları (%8,80), seks hormonları ve modülatörleri (%8,45) ve gastrointestinal sistem ilaçlarıdır (%7,04). FDA kategorilerine göre ise kullanılan ilaçların %49,3’ü ‘C’ kategorisinde, %22,5’i ‘B’ kategorisinde, %14,4’ü ‘X’ kategorisinde, %10,2’si ‘D’ kategorisinde ve %3,5’i ‘A’ kategorisinde yer almaktadır. Ayrıca gebelerin %64’ü birden fazla ilaç kullanmış ve ortalama ilaç kullanım sayısı 2,60’dır.
SONUÇ: Gebeler teratojenite riski olan ilaçlara yüksek ortanda maruz kalabilmektedir ve gerek ilaç reçete eden hekimlerin, gerekse ilacı kullanan doğurganlık çağındaki kadınların, kullanım öncesi mutlaka gebelik durumunu sorgulaması gerekmektedir. Gebelik durumunda ise ilaç seçiminin mümkün olan en az risk taşıyan gruptan yapılması önem arz etmektedir. Daha uygun bir risk değerlendirmesi için de mevcut sınıflandırma yeterli gözükmemektedir.

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References

  • 1. Andrade SE, Gurwitz JH, Davis RL, Chan KA, Finkelstein JA, Fortman K, et al. Prescription drug use in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;191:398–407. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.04.025.
  • 2. Bakker MK, Jentink J, Vroom F, Van Den Berg PB, De Walle HEK, De Jong-Van Den Berg LTW. Drug Prescription Patterns Before, During and After Pregnancy for Chronic, Occasional and Pregnancy-Related Drugs in the Netherlands. BJOG 2006;113(5):559-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00927.x
  • 3. Mitchell AA, Gilboa SM, Werler MM, Kelley KE, Louik C, Hernández-Díaz S; National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Medication use during pregnancy, with particular focus on prescription drugs: 1976-2008. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(1):51.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.029.
  • 4. Lupattelli A, Spigset O, Twigg MJ, Zagorodnikova K, Mårdby AC, Moretti ME, et al. Medication use in pregnancy: a cross-sectional, multinational web-based study. BMJ Open. 2014;17:4(2):e004365. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004365.
  • 5. Kaplan YC, Can H, Demir Ö, Karadaş B, Yılmaz İ, Temiz TK. İlaçların gebelikte kullanımlarına dair risk iletişiminde yeni dönem: FDA gebelik risk kategorileri değişiyor. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi 2014;18(4):195-8. doi:10.15511/tahd.14.04195.
  • 6. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30710, Erişim Tarihi: 22/06/2020.
  • 7. Sachdeva P, Patel BG, Patel BK. Drug use in pregnancy; a point to ponder!. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009;71(1):1-7. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.51941.
  • 8. Bookstaver PB, Bland CM, Griffin B, Stover KR, Eiland LS, McLaughlin M. A review of antibiotic use in pregnancy. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35(11):1052–62. doi:10.1002/phar.1649.
  • 9. Briggs GG, Freeman RK. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk.11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2017.
  • 10. Crider KS, Cleves MA, Reefhuis J, Berry RJ, Hobbs CA, Hu DJ. Antibacterial medication use during pregnancy and risk of birth defects: National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;11 978– 85. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.188.
  • 11. Guinto VT, De Guia B, Festin MR, Dowswell T. Different antibiotic regimens for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 9: CD007855. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007855.pub2.
  • 12. Antonucci R, ZaffanelloM, Puxeddu E, Porcella A, Cuzzolin L, Pilloni MD, et al. Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Pregnancy: Impact on the Fetus and Newbor. Current Drug Metabolism (2012) 13: 474-90. doi:10.2174/138920012800166607.
  • 13. Nezvalová-Henriksen K, Spigset O, Nordeng H. Effects of ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and piroxicam on the course of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study. BJOG. 2013;120(8):948-59. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12192.
  • 14. Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. Progesterone Supplementation During the Luteal Phase and in Early Pregnancy in the Treatment of Infertility: An Educational Bulletin Fertil Steril. 2008;90(5 Suppl):S150-3. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.064.
  • 15. Carmichael SL, Shaw GM, Laurent C, Croughan MS, Olney RS, Lammer EJ. Maternal Progestin Intake and Risk of Hypospadias. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(10):957-62. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.159.10.957.
  • 16. Erebara A, Bozzo P, Einarson A, Koren G. Treating the common cold during pregnancy. Can Fam Physician. 2008;54(5):687-9.
  • 17. Etwel F, Faught LH, Rieder MJ, Koren G. The Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome After First Trimester Exposure to H1 Antihistamines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drug Saf. 2017;40(2):121-32. doi: 10.1007/s40264-016-0479-9.
  • 18. Park-Wyllie L, Mazzotta P, Pastuszak A, Moretti ME, Beique L, Hunnisett L, et al. Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: Prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Teratology. 2000;62:385-92. Doi: 10.1002/1096-9926(200012)62:6<385::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-Z.
  • 19. Hyiid A, Molgaard-Nielesen D. Corticosteroid use during pregnancy and the risk of orofacial clefts. CMAJ. 2011;183:796-804. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.101063.
  • 20. Namazy J, M Schatz. The Treatment of Allergic Respiratory Disease During Pregnancy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2016;26(1):1-7. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0001.
  • 21. Lin S, Munsie JP, Herdt-Losavio ML, Druschel CM, Campbell K, Browneet ML, et al. Maternal asthma medication use and the risk of selected birth defects. Pediatrics. 2012;129(2):e317-e324. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-2660.
  • 22. Källén B , Olausson PO. Use of Anti-Asthmatic Drugs During Pregnancy. 3.Congenital Malformations in the Infants. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(4):383-8. doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0259-z.
  • 23. Evans J, Heron J, Francomb H, Oke S, Golding J. Cohort study of depressed mood during pregnancy and after childbirth. BMJ. 2001;323(7307):257-60. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7307.257.
  • 24. Pedersen LH, Henriksen TB, Vestergaard M, Olsen J, Bech BH. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and congenital malformations: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2009;339:b3569. doi:10.1136/bmj.b3569.
  • 25. Greene MF. Teratogenicity of SSRIs--serious concern or much ado about little. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(26):2732-3. doi:10.1056/NEJMe078079.
  • 26. Huybrechts KF, Palmsten K, Avorn J, Cohen LS, Holmes LB, Franklin JM, et al. Antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of cardiac defects. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(25):2397-407. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1312828.
  • 27. Prady SL, Hanlon I, Fraser LK, Mikocka-Walus A. A systematic review of maternal antidepressant use in pregnancy and short- and long-term offspring's outcomes. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018;21(2):127-40. doi:10.1007/s00737-017-0780-3
Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 459 - 466, 15.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.762086

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • 1. Andrade SE, Gurwitz JH, Davis RL, Chan KA, Finkelstein JA, Fortman K, et al. Prescription drug use in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;191:398–407. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.04.025.
  • 2. Bakker MK, Jentink J, Vroom F, Van Den Berg PB, De Walle HEK, De Jong-Van Den Berg LTW. Drug Prescription Patterns Before, During and After Pregnancy for Chronic, Occasional and Pregnancy-Related Drugs in the Netherlands. BJOG 2006;113(5):559-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00927.x
  • 3. Mitchell AA, Gilboa SM, Werler MM, Kelley KE, Louik C, Hernández-Díaz S; National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Medication use during pregnancy, with particular focus on prescription drugs: 1976-2008. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(1):51.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.029.
  • 4. Lupattelli A, Spigset O, Twigg MJ, Zagorodnikova K, Mårdby AC, Moretti ME, et al. Medication use in pregnancy: a cross-sectional, multinational web-based study. BMJ Open. 2014;17:4(2):e004365. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004365.
  • 5. Kaplan YC, Can H, Demir Ö, Karadaş B, Yılmaz İ, Temiz TK. İlaçların gebelikte kullanımlarına dair risk iletişiminde yeni dönem: FDA gebelik risk kategorileri değişiyor. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi 2014;18(4):195-8. doi:10.15511/tahd.14.04195.
  • 6. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30710, Erişim Tarihi: 22/06/2020.
  • 7. Sachdeva P, Patel BG, Patel BK. Drug use in pregnancy; a point to ponder!. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009;71(1):1-7. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.51941.
  • 8. Bookstaver PB, Bland CM, Griffin B, Stover KR, Eiland LS, McLaughlin M. A review of antibiotic use in pregnancy. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35(11):1052–62. doi:10.1002/phar.1649.
  • 9. Briggs GG, Freeman RK. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk.11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2017.
  • 10. Crider KS, Cleves MA, Reefhuis J, Berry RJ, Hobbs CA, Hu DJ. Antibacterial medication use during pregnancy and risk of birth defects: National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;11 978– 85. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.188.
  • 11. Guinto VT, De Guia B, Festin MR, Dowswell T. Different antibiotic regimens for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 9: CD007855. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007855.pub2.
  • 12. Antonucci R, ZaffanelloM, Puxeddu E, Porcella A, Cuzzolin L, Pilloni MD, et al. Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Pregnancy: Impact on the Fetus and Newbor. Current Drug Metabolism (2012) 13: 474-90. doi:10.2174/138920012800166607.
  • 13. Nezvalová-Henriksen K, Spigset O, Nordeng H. Effects of ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and piroxicam on the course of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study. BJOG. 2013;120(8):948-59. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12192.
  • 14. Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. Progesterone Supplementation During the Luteal Phase and in Early Pregnancy in the Treatment of Infertility: An Educational Bulletin Fertil Steril. 2008;90(5 Suppl):S150-3. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.064.
  • 15. Carmichael SL, Shaw GM, Laurent C, Croughan MS, Olney RS, Lammer EJ. Maternal Progestin Intake and Risk of Hypospadias. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(10):957-62. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.159.10.957.
  • 16. Erebara A, Bozzo P, Einarson A, Koren G. Treating the common cold during pregnancy. Can Fam Physician. 2008;54(5):687-9.
  • 17. Etwel F, Faught LH, Rieder MJ, Koren G. The Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome After First Trimester Exposure to H1 Antihistamines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drug Saf. 2017;40(2):121-32. doi: 10.1007/s40264-016-0479-9.
  • 18. Park-Wyllie L, Mazzotta P, Pastuszak A, Moretti ME, Beique L, Hunnisett L, et al. Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: Prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Teratology. 2000;62:385-92. Doi: 10.1002/1096-9926(200012)62:6<385::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-Z.
  • 19. Hyiid A, Molgaard-Nielesen D. Corticosteroid use during pregnancy and the risk of orofacial clefts. CMAJ. 2011;183:796-804. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.101063.
  • 20. Namazy J, M Schatz. The Treatment of Allergic Respiratory Disease During Pregnancy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2016;26(1):1-7. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0001.
  • 21. Lin S, Munsie JP, Herdt-Losavio ML, Druschel CM, Campbell K, Browneet ML, et al. Maternal asthma medication use and the risk of selected birth defects. Pediatrics. 2012;129(2):e317-e324. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-2660.
  • 22. Källén B , Olausson PO. Use of Anti-Asthmatic Drugs During Pregnancy. 3.Congenital Malformations in the Infants. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(4):383-8. doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0259-z.
  • 23. Evans J, Heron J, Francomb H, Oke S, Golding J. Cohort study of depressed mood during pregnancy and after childbirth. BMJ. 2001;323(7307):257-60. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7307.257.
  • 24. Pedersen LH, Henriksen TB, Vestergaard M, Olsen J, Bech BH. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and congenital malformations: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2009;339:b3569. doi:10.1136/bmj.b3569.
  • 25. Greene MF. Teratogenicity of SSRIs--serious concern or much ado about little. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(26):2732-3. doi:10.1056/NEJMe078079.
  • 26. Huybrechts KF, Palmsten K, Avorn J, Cohen LS, Holmes LB, Franklin JM, et al. Antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of cardiac defects. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(25):2397-407. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1312828.
  • 27. Prady SL, Hanlon I, Fraser LK, Mikocka-Walus A. A systematic review of maternal antidepressant use in pregnancy and short- and long-term offspring's outcomes. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018;21(2):127-40. doi:10.1007/s00737-017-0780-3
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kemal Gökhan Ulusoy 0000-0003-1786-2945

Project Number -
Publication Date September 15, 2020
Submission Date July 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Ulusoy KG. Bir üniversite hastanesine gebelikte ilaç kullanımı için başvuran gebelerin değerlendirilmesi: Bir Olgu Serisi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. September 2020;10(3):459-466. doi:10.31832/smj.762086

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