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İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Ebeveynlerinin Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesi ile İlişkili Algı-Kaygı Düzeyleri ve Çocuk Beslemesine İlişkin Uygulamaları

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 857 - 864, 27.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.912534

Abstract

Amaç: Dünyada ebeveynlerin çocuk besleme uygulamaları, çocukluk çağı obezitesinin gelişiminde etkili bir faktör olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışma ilkokul öğrencilerinin ebeveynlerin çocukluk çağı obezitesiyle ilişkili algı, kaygı ve çocuk beslemesine ilişkili uygulamalarının öğrencilerin beden kitle indekslerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tipte olan çalışma İzmir İli Gaziemir ve Karşıyaka İlçeleri’nde yer alan iki ilkokulda Nisan-Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini iki ilkokulda öğrenim gören 1480, örneklemini çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden toplam 550 ebeveyn oluşturmuştur. Veriler BKİ Değerlendirme Formu, Beslenme Özellikleri Değerlendirme Formu ve Çocuk Beslenme Anketi (ÇBA) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Kruskal Wallis varyans analizi ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya başlamadan önce DEÜ Girişimsel Olmayan Çalışmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan etik kurul onayı, İzmir İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’nden kurum izinleri ve ayrıca öğrencilerin ailelerinden yazılı onam alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %6.3’ünün BKİ’si düşük, %70.6’sı sağlıklı ağırlıktadır. Öğrencilerin BKİ’lerine göre Çocuk Beslenme Anketi sorumluluk, (KWχ²=2.759, p=.430) ve izlem (KWχ² =3.711, p=.294) alt boyutları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yokken, ebeveynlerin tartı algısı (KWχ²=11.431, p=.010), çocuğun algılanan tartısı (KWχ²=34.825, p=.000 ebeveynlerin çocukların tartıları hakkındaki kaygıları (KWχ²=10.361, p=.016), kısıtlama (KWχ²=14.709, p=.002) ve yemeğe zorlama (KWχ²=19.085, p=.000) alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık vardır. Yapılan ileri analizde bu farklılıkların obez olan gruptan kaynaklandığı saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda ebeveynlerin çocukluk çağı obezitesine yönelik algı ve kaygı düzeylerinin obez olan çocukların ebeveynlerinde daha yüksek olduğu ve kısıtlama ve yemeğe zorlama gibi beslenme uygulamalarının daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Ebeveynlerin çocukların tartılarına yönelik kaygıları ve beslenme uygulamalarının çocuğun fazla tartılı olması ile sonuçlanabilmesi nedeniyle okullarda çocuk beslenmesine yönelik programların geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

References

  • 1. WHO. Working Group. Use and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1986;64: 924-941.
  • 2. WHO/FAD. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. WHO, Geneva, 2003.
  • 3. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye’de Okul Çağı Çocuklarında (6-10 Yaş Grubu) Büyümenin İzlenmesi (Toçbi) Projesi Araştırma Raporu. Ankara, 2011
  • 4. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Çocukluk Çağı ( 7-8 Yaş ) Şişmanlık Araştırması (Cosı-Tur). 2014; Ankara
  • 5. Sağlık bakanlığı Türkiye Çocukluk Çağı (İlkokul 2. Sınıf Öğrencilerde) Şişmanlık Araştırması Cosı-Tur 2016. 2017; Ankara
  • 6. Erdim, L., Ergün, A., Kuğuoğlu, S. Okulçağı çocuklarında Çocuk Beslenme Anketinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2017; 7, 100-106.
  • 7. Birch LL, Fisher JO, Grimm-Thomas K, Markey CN, Sawyer R, Johnson SL. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Qustionnaire: A measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite 2001; 36: 201-10
  • 8. Rolls BJ, Engell D, Birch LL. Serving portion size influences 5-year-old but not 3-year-old children’s food intakes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000; 100: 232-4.
  • 9. WHO. The Challenge of Obesity in the WHO European Region and the Strategies for Response. (Ed. Branca,F, Nikogosian H, Lobstein T) WHO, 2007.
  • 10. Neyzi, O., Günöz, H., Furman, A., Bundak, R., Gökçay, G., & Darendeliler, F. Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi referans değerleri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2008; 51(1), 1-14.
  • 11. Corsini, N., Danthiir, V., Kettler, L., & Wilson, C. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Child Feeding Questionnaire in Australian preschool children. Appetite, 2008; 51(3), 474-481.
  • 12. . Geng, G., Zhu, Z., Suzuki, K., Tanaka, T., Ando, D., Sato, M., et al. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) in Japanese elementary school children. Appetite, 2009; 52, 8–14.
  • 13. . Nowicka, P., Sorjonen, K., Pietrobelli, A., Flodmark, C. E., & Faith, M. S. Parental feeding practices and associations with child weight status. Swedish validation of the Child Feeding Questionnaire finds parents of 4-year-olds less restrictive. Appetite, 2014; 81, 232-241.
  • 14. Cachelin F. M., Thompson D., “Predictors of maternal child‐feeding practices in an ethnically diverse sample and the relationship to child obesity”, Obesity. 2013; 21, 1676-1683
  • 15. Schmidt, R., Richter, R., Brauhardt, A., Hiemisch, A., Kiess, W., & Hilbert, A. Parental feeding practices in families with children aged 2–13 years: Psychometric properties and child age-specific norms of the German version of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Appetite, 2017; 109, 154-164.
  • 16. Wan Abdul Manan, W. M., Norazawati, A. K., & Lee, Y. Y. Overweight and obesity among Malay primary school children in Kota Bharu, Kelantan: parental beliefs, attitudes and child feeding practices. Malaysian journal of nutrition, 2012;18(1).
  • 17. Glassman, M. E., Figueroa, M., & Irigoyen, M. Latino parents' perceptions of their ability to prevent obesity in their children. Family & community health, 2011;34(1), 4-16
  • 18. Keller, K. L., Pietrobelli, A., Johnson, S. L., & Faith, M. S. Maternal restriction of children's eating and encouragements to eat as the ‘non-shared environment’: a pilot study using the child feeding questionnaire. International journal of obesity, 2006;30(11), 1670-1675.
  • 19. Carnell, S., & Wardle, J. (2007). Associations between Multiple Measures of Parental Feeding and Children’s Adiposity in United Kingdom Preschoolers. Obesity, 15(1), 137–144.
  • 20. Keller, K. L., Olsen, A., Kuilema, L., Meyermann, K., & van Belle, C. Predictors of parental perceptions and concerns about child weight. Appetite, 2013;62, 96-102.
  • 21. Adams, A. K., Quinn, R. A., & Prince, R. J. Low recognition of childhood overweight and disease risk among Native‐American caregivers. Obesity research, 2005; 13(1), 146-152.
  • 22. Doolen, J., Alpert, P. T., & Miller, S. K. Parental disconnect between perceived and actual weight status of children: a metasynthesis of the current research. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 2009; 21(3), 160-166.
  • 23. Golan, M., & Crow, S. Targeting parents exclusively in the treatment of childhood obesity: long‐term results. Obesity research, 2004;12(2), 357-361.
  • 24. .Gray, W. N., Janicke, D. M., Wistedt, K. M., & Dumont-Driscoll, M. C. Factors associated with parental use of restrictive feeding practices to control their children's food intake. Appetite, 2010; 55(2), 332-337.
  • 25. May, A. L., Donohue, M., Scanlon, K. S., Sherry, B., Dalenius, K., Faulkner, P., & Birch, L. L. Child-feeding strategies are associated with maternal concern about children becoming overweight, but not children’s weight status. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2007; 107(7), 1167-1174.

Parents of Primary School Students' Perception-Anxiety Levels Related to Childhood Obesity and Their Practices Regarding Child Feeding

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 857 - 864, 27.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.912534

Abstract

Objective: Parents' child feeding practices are regarded as an influential factor in the development of childhood obesity in the world. This study was conducted to examine the effects of parents' perception, anxiety, and child feeding practices associated with childhood obesity on primary school students' body mass index.
Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2019 in two primary schools in the Gaziemir and Karşıyaka districts of İzmir. The population of the study consisted of 1480 students at two primary schools, and the sample of the study comprised 550 parents who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected using BMI Evaluation Form, Feeding Characteristics Evaluation Form and Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis variance analysis and correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Before the study, ethics committee approval and institutional permission were obtained. Also, written consents from the students' families were taken.
Results: 6.3% of the students have a low BKI, and 70.6% have a healthy weight. According to the BMI of the students, there is no statistically significant difference in terms of perceived responsibility (KWχ²=2.759, p=.430) and monitoring (KWχ² =3.711, p=.294) sub-dimensions of the Child Feeding Questionnaire, while there is a significant difference in the perceived parent weight (KWχ²=11.431, p=.010), perceived child weight (KWχ²=34.825, p=.000), concern about child weight (KWχ²=10.361, p=.016), restriction (KWχ²=14.709, p=.002) and pressure to eat (KWχ²=19.085, p=.000) sub-dimensions. Further analysis revealed that these differences were caused by the obese group.
Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that the perception and anxiety levels of parents towards childhood obesity were higher in the parents of obese children, and feeding practices such as restriction and pressure to eat were more common within this group. It is recommended to develop child feeding programs in schools because parents' concerns about children's weight and feeding practices may result in the child being overweight.

References

  • 1. WHO. Working Group. Use and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1986;64: 924-941.
  • 2. WHO/FAD. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. WHO, Geneva, 2003.
  • 3. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye’de Okul Çağı Çocuklarında (6-10 Yaş Grubu) Büyümenin İzlenmesi (Toçbi) Projesi Araştırma Raporu. Ankara, 2011
  • 4. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Çocukluk Çağı ( 7-8 Yaş ) Şişmanlık Araştırması (Cosı-Tur). 2014; Ankara
  • 5. Sağlık bakanlığı Türkiye Çocukluk Çağı (İlkokul 2. Sınıf Öğrencilerde) Şişmanlık Araştırması Cosı-Tur 2016. 2017; Ankara
  • 6. Erdim, L., Ergün, A., Kuğuoğlu, S. Okulçağı çocuklarında Çocuk Beslenme Anketinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2017; 7, 100-106.
  • 7. Birch LL, Fisher JO, Grimm-Thomas K, Markey CN, Sawyer R, Johnson SL. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Qustionnaire: A measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite 2001; 36: 201-10
  • 8. Rolls BJ, Engell D, Birch LL. Serving portion size influences 5-year-old but not 3-year-old children’s food intakes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000; 100: 232-4.
  • 9. WHO. The Challenge of Obesity in the WHO European Region and the Strategies for Response. (Ed. Branca,F, Nikogosian H, Lobstein T) WHO, 2007.
  • 10. Neyzi, O., Günöz, H., Furman, A., Bundak, R., Gökçay, G., & Darendeliler, F. Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi referans değerleri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2008; 51(1), 1-14.
  • 11. Corsini, N., Danthiir, V., Kettler, L., & Wilson, C. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Child Feeding Questionnaire in Australian preschool children. Appetite, 2008; 51(3), 474-481.
  • 12. . Geng, G., Zhu, Z., Suzuki, K., Tanaka, T., Ando, D., Sato, M., et al. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) in Japanese elementary school children. Appetite, 2009; 52, 8–14.
  • 13. . Nowicka, P., Sorjonen, K., Pietrobelli, A., Flodmark, C. E., & Faith, M. S. Parental feeding practices and associations with child weight status. Swedish validation of the Child Feeding Questionnaire finds parents of 4-year-olds less restrictive. Appetite, 2014; 81, 232-241.
  • 14. Cachelin F. M., Thompson D., “Predictors of maternal child‐feeding practices in an ethnically diverse sample and the relationship to child obesity”, Obesity. 2013; 21, 1676-1683
  • 15. Schmidt, R., Richter, R., Brauhardt, A., Hiemisch, A., Kiess, W., & Hilbert, A. Parental feeding practices in families with children aged 2–13 years: Psychometric properties and child age-specific norms of the German version of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Appetite, 2017; 109, 154-164.
  • 16. Wan Abdul Manan, W. M., Norazawati, A. K., & Lee, Y. Y. Overweight and obesity among Malay primary school children in Kota Bharu, Kelantan: parental beliefs, attitudes and child feeding practices. Malaysian journal of nutrition, 2012;18(1).
  • 17. Glassman, M. E., Figueroa, M., & Irigoyen, M. Latino parents' perceptions of their ability to prevent obesity in their children. Family & community health, 2011;34(1), 4-16
  • 18. Keller, K. L., Pietrobelli, A., Johnson, S. L., & Faith, M. S. Maternal restriction of children's eating and encouragements to eat as the ‘non-shared environment’: a pilot study using the child feeding questionnaire. International journal of obesity, 2006;30(11), 1670-1675.
  • 19. Carnell, S., & Wardle, J. (2007). Associations between Multiple Measures of Parental Feeding and Children’s Adiposity in United Kingdom Preschoolers. Obesity, 15(1), 137–144.
  • 20. Keller, K. L., Olsen, A., Kuilema, L., Meyermann, K., & van Belle, C. Predictors of parental perceptions and concerns about child weight. Appetite, 2013;62, 96-102.
  • 21. Adams, A. K., Quinn, R. A., & Prince, R. J. Low recognition of childhood overweight and disease risk among Native‐American caregivers. Obesity research, 2005; 13(1), 146-152.
  • 22. Doolen, J., Alpert, P. T., & Miller, S. K. Parental disconnect between perceived and actual weight status of children: a metasynthesis of the current research. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 2009; 21(3), 160-166.
  • 23. Golan, M., & Crow, S. Targeting parents exclusively in the treatment of childhood obesity: long‐term results. Obesity research, 2004;12(2), 357-361.
  • 24. .Gray, W. N., Janicke, D. M., Wistedt, K. M., & Dumont-Driscoll, M. C. Factors associated with parental use of restrictive feeding practices to control their children's food intake. Appetite, 2010; 55(2), 332-337.
  • 25. May, A. L., Donohue, M., Scanlon, K. S., Sherry, B., Dalenius, K., Faulkner, P., & Birch, L. L. Child-feeding strategies are associated with maternal concern about children becoming overweight, but not children’s weight status. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2007; 107(7), 1167-1174.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Deniz Aslı Dokuzcan 0000-0002-0466-7668

Nihal Gördes Aydoğdu 0000-0003-1828-3128

Kübra Pınar Gürkan 0000-0002-0279-8189

Publication Date December 27, 2021
Submission Date April 13, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Dokuzcan DA, Gördes Aydoğdu N, Gürkan KP. İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Ebeveynlerinin Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesi ile İlişkili Algı-Kaygı Düzeyleri ve Çocuk Beslemesine İlişkin Uygulamaları. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. December 2021;11(4):857-864. doi:10.31832/smj.912534

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