Willingness to Pay for COVID-19 Vaccine

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 747 - 755, 28.12.2022

Pınar Yalçın Balçık Yunus Emre Karataş

https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.1085235

Abstract

World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the priority of developing vaccines to control the pandemic in addition to effective treatments. It is considered important to know the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccines and the willingness to pay for the vaccine in order to determine effective health policies. This study aims to reveal the factors affecting the willingness and individuals' willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine. In the study, research examining the willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine was systematically reviewed. Studies conducted in different countries show that participants have a high rate of vaccination intention and their willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine varies between 6.81-291 USD. Higher monthly income and higher perceived risk of being infected with COVID-19 were associated with willingness to pay. It is thought that the contribution of individuals to the cost of COVID-19 vaccine to the extent of their income can reduce the burden on public health expenditures. However, vaccines need to be subsidized to achieve sufficiently high vaccine coverage.

Keywords

Willingness to Pay, COVID-19, Vaccine

COVID-19 Aşısı İçin Ödeme İstekliliği

Abstract

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ), etkili tedavilere ek olarak pandemiyi kontrol edebilmek için aşıların geliştirilmesi önceliğini vurgulamaktadır. Etkili sağlık politikalarının belirlenmesi için COVID-19 aşılarının kabul edilebilirliğinin ve aşı için ödeme istekliliğinin bilinmesinin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma, bireylerin COVID-19 aşısı için ödeme istekliliğini ve ödeme istekliliğini etkileyen etmenleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, COVID-19 aşısı için ödeme istekliliğini inceleyen araştırmalar sistematik olarak derlenmiştir. Farklı ülkelerde yapılan çalışmalar katılımcıların yüksek oranda aşılama niyetinin olduğunu ve COVID-19 aşısı için ödeme istekliliğinin 6,81-291 USD arasında değiştiğini göstermektedir. Aylık gelirin daha yüksek olması ve COVID-19 ile enfekte olma riskinin daha yüksek algılanması ödeme istekliliği ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bireylerin COVID-19 aşı maliyetine gelirleri ölçüsünde katkı sağlamasının kamu sağlık harcaması üzerindeki yükü azaltabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, yeterince yüksek bir aşı kapsamı elde etmek için aşıların sübvanse edilmesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Ödeme İstekliliği, COVID-19, Aşı

References

• World Health Organization, WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard, Erişim Tarihi:13/05/2021, Erişim Adresi: https://covid19.who.int/
• World Health Organization, Coronavirus Disease, Erişim Tarihi:13/05/2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/coronavirus-disease-answers?query=world+statistics+on+covid19&referrerPageUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Femergencies%2Fdiseases%2Fnovel-coronavirus-2019%2Fcoronavirus-disease-answers
• Bedford J, Enria D, Giesecke J, Heymann DL, Ihekweazu C, Kobinger G, et al. COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic. The Lancet 2020; 395 (10229): 1015-1018.
• Demiray EKD, Çeviker SA. COVID-19: Aşı ve Toplumsal Korunma. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research 2020; 1 (Özel Sayı):37-44.
• World Health Organization, COVID-19 vaccines, Erişim Tarihi:11/01/2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines
• Lin Y, Hu Z, Zhao Q, Alias H, Danaee M, Wong LP. Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: A nationwide online survey in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14(12):1-22.
• Ilesanmi O, Afolabi A, Uchendu O. The prospective COVID-19 vaccine: willingness to pay and perception of community members in Ibadan. Nigeria. PeerJ 2021; https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11153
• Breidert C. Estimation of willingness-to-pay: Theory, measurement, application. 1. Baskı. Wiesbaden: Springer Science & Business Media; 2006. s:37-42.
• Çelik Y. Sağlık Ekonomisi. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi; 2013. s:294.
• Çalışkan Z. Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Önceliklerin Belirlenmesinde Ekonomik Değerlendirme Yöntemi Olarak Maliyet-Etkililik Analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2009; 14(2): 311-332.
• Drouin O, Sharifi M, Gerber M, Horan C, Orav EJ, Marshall R, Taveras EM. Parents’ Willingness to Pay for Pediatric Weight Management Programs. Acad. Pediatr. 2019; 19(7): 764-772.
• Ko CM, Koh CK, Kwon S. Willingness to pay for family education and counselling services provided by critical care advanced practice nurses. Int. J. Nurs. Pract. 2019; 25(6): 1-9.
• Oga ASS, Attia-konan AR, Vehi F, Kouame J, Koffi K. Diabetic and cardiovascular patients' willingness to pay for upcoming national health insurance scheme in Cote d'Ivoire. Health Econ. Rev. 2019; 9(1):1-8.
• Stefanidou M, Evangelou G, Kontodimopoulos N, Koumaki D, Krueger-Krasagakis SE, Yosipovitch G, Krasagakis K. Willingness to pay and quality of life in patients with pruritic skin disorders. Arch. Dermatol 2019; 311(3): 221-230.
• Bock JO, Heider D, Matschinger H, Brenner H, Saum KU, Haefeli WE, König HH. Willingness to pay for health insurance among the elderly population in Germany. Eur J Health Econ 2016; 17(2):149-158.
• Bala MV, Wood LL, Zarkin GA, Norton EC, Gafni A, O’Brien B. Valuing Outcomes in Health Care. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 1998; 51(8): 667-676.
• Li S, Chen H, Huang X, Long R. Who Has Higher Willingness to Pay for Occupational Safety and Health?—Views from Groups with Different Public Identities and Differences in Attention. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018; 15(8):1-21.
• Sarasty O, Carpio CE, Hudson D, Guerrero-Ochoa PA, Borja I. The demand for a COVID-19 vaccine in Ecuador. Vaccine 2020; 38(51): 8090-8098.
• Cropper ML, Haile M, Lampietti J, Poulos C, Whittington D. The demand for a malaria vaccine: evidence from Ethiopia. J. Dev. Econ. 2004; 75(1): 303-318.
• World Bank. Erişim Tarihi: 01/06/2021, Erişim Adresi: https://data.worldbank.org/
• Wong LP, Alias H, Wong PF, Lee HY, AbuBakar S. The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay. Hum. Vaccines Immunother. 2020; 16(9): 2204-2214.
• Harapan H, Wagner AL, Yufika A, Winardi W, Anwar S, Gan AK, et al. Willingness-to-pay for a COVID-19 vaccine and its associated determinants in Indonesia. Hum. Vaccines Immunother. 2020; 16(12): 3074-3080.
• Cerda AA, García LY. Willingness to Pay for a COVID-19 Vaccine. Appl. Health Econ. Health Policy 2021; 19(3): 343-351.
• García LY, Cerda AA. Contingent assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine 2020; 38(34): 5424-5429.
• Catma S, Reindl D. Parents’ willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves and their children in the United States. Hum. Vaccines Immunother 2021;17(9): 2919-2925.
• Kabir R, Mahmud I, Chowdhury MTH, Vinnakota D, Jahan SS, Siddika N, et al. COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Willingness to Pay in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines 2021; 9:1-14.
• Han K, Francis MR, Zhang R, Wang Q, Xia A, Lu L, et al. Confidence, Acceptance and Willingness to Pay for the COVID-19 Vaccine among Migrants in Shanghai, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines 2021; 9:1-11.
• Qin W, Wang E, Ni Z. Chinese consumers' willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay for it. PloS ONE 2021;16(5): 1-9.
• Muqattash R, Niankara I, Traoret RI. Survey data for COVID-19 vaccine preference analysis in the United Arab Emirates. Data Br. 2020; 33(106446): 1-9.
• Vo NX, Huyen Nguyen TT, Van Nguyen P, Tran QV, Vo TQ. Using Contingent Valuation Method to Estimate Adults' Willingness to Pay for a Future Coronavirus 2019 Vaccination. Value Health Reg. Issues. 2021; 24: 240-246.
• Goruntla N, Chintamani SH, Bhanu P, Samyuktha S, Veerabhadrappa KV, Bhupalam P, et al. Predictors of acceptance and willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine in the general public of India: A health belief model approach. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2021; 14(4): 165-175.
• Wang J, Lyu Y, Zhang H, Jing R, Lai X, Feng H, et al. Willingness to pay and financing preferences for COVID-19 vaccination in China. Vaccine 2021; 39(14): 1968-1976.
• Zhang Y, Luo X, Ma ZF. Willingness of the general population to accept and pay for COVID-19 vaccination during the early stages of COVID-19 pandemic: a nationally representative survey in mainland China. Hum. Vaccines Immunother 2021; 17(6): 1622-1627.
• Berghea F, Berghea CE, Abobului M, Vlad VM. Willingness to Pay for a for a Potential Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Among Adult Persons. Research Square 2020. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-32595/v1