SARS-CoV-2 Tanılı Gebelerde Epidemiyolojik ve Prognostik Faktörler
Year 2022,
Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 703 - 711, 28.12.2022
Ali Gümüş
,
Süleyman Serkan Karaşin
,
Merve Sefa Sayar
,
Sibel Yorulmaz Göktaş
,
Ali Asan
,
Mustafa Özgür Akça
,
Çınar Öztürk
Abstract
Arka plan: 2019 sonunda ortaya çıktığından beri tüm dünyaya yayılan ve pandemiye neden olan solunum yolu virüsü SARS-CoV-2; gebelerde de normal popülasyonda olduğu gibi yüksek morbidite ve mortalite ile seyretti.
Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amaç; şiddetli solunum yolu enfeksiyonu ile seyreden SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün gebelerdeki risk faktörlerini, prognostik faktörlerini ve mortalite faktörlerini belirlemektir.
Gereç Yöntem: 2021 yılı içerisinde Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum kliniğinde yatarak tedavi alan, 18 yaş üstü, SARS-CoV-2 PCR testi ile pozitif saptanan gebe hastaları içermektedir. Hastaların yatışındaki klinik özellikleri, vital bulguları, semptomları, laboratuvar bulguları not edildi. Mortaliteye etki eden faktörlerin istatistiksel analizi yapıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil ettiğimiz 200 gebenin 74’ü hastalık esnasında doğum yaparken14’ünde anne ölümü gerçekleşti. Anne ölümüyle sonuçlananlarda ortalama saturasyon değeri %88 idi ve diğer gruba göre düşüktü. Ayrıca anne ölümü gelişen grubun, C-Reaktif Protein (CRP) ortalaması 68 mg/L olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksekti. Anne ölümüyle sonuçlanan ve yaşayanların univariate testlerle karşılaştırılmasında, 37.8℃ ve üzerinde ateşin olmasının mortaliteyi arttırdığı, öksürük ve nefes darlığı olanlarda ölüm oranının anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu, karaciğer fonksiyon testleri (KCFT) yüksek olanlarda ölüm oranının anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu ve Hindistan (Delta) varyantında da ölüm oranının anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu bulundu. 37.8℃ ve üzerinde ateş ile başvuran gebelerde mortalitenin 4.9 kat, Delta varyantı ile enfekte olanların mortalitesinin 3.5 kat arttığı görüldü. Saturasyonun ise her 1 birimlik yüksekliğinde mortalitenin 1.33 kat azaldığı sonucuna ulaşıldı.
Tartışma: Covid-19 enfekte gebelerde klinik izlem parametreleri ve laboratuvar bulgularının derinleşmesi hastalığın prognozu ve maternal mortalite olasılığı ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu sonuçların kullanılabilirliği açısından da çok sayıda literatür çalışmasının derlenmesi ve metaanalizine ihtiyaç vardır.
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1 yıldır emek vererek hazırladığım bu makalemi, değerli zamanınızı ayırıp değerlendirdiğiniz için çok teşekkürlerimle..
Saygılarımla
References
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Year 2022,
Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 703 - 711, 28.12.2022
Ali Gümüş
,
Süleyman Serkan Karaşin
,
Merve Sefa Sayar
,
Sibel Yorulmaz Göktaş
,
Ali Asan
,
Mustafa Özgür Akça
,
Çınar Öztürk
References
- 1. who.int [homepage on the internet]. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation report – 46. Geneva: WHO [Accessed 9 Apr 2020.] Available from URL: https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200306-sitrep-46- covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=96b04adf_2]
- 2. Di Mascio D, Khalil A, Saccone G, et al. Out_come of coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020;2:100107.
- 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data on COVID-19 during pregnancy: birth and infant outcomes. Available at: https://www. cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-up dates/special-populations/birth-data-on-covid_19.html. Accessed December 2020.
- 4. Huntley BJF, Huntley ES, Di Mascio D, Chen T, Berghella V, Chauhan SP. Rates of maternal and perinatal mortality and vertical transmission in pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co_V-2) infection: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2020;136:303–12.
- 5. Goodnight WH, Soper DE. Pneumonia in pregnancy. Crit Care Med. 2005 Oct;33(10 Suppl):S390-7. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000182483.24836.66. PMID: 16215363.
- 6. Mor G, Aldo P, Alvero AB. The unique immunological and microbial aspects of pregnancy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Aug;17(8):469-482. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.64. Epub 2017 Jun 19. PMID: 28627518.
- 7. Levy A, Yagil Y, Bursztyn M, Barkalifa R, Scharf S, Yagil C. ACE2 expression and activity are enhanced during pregnancy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 Dec;295(6):R1953-61. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.90592.2008. Epub 2008 Oct 22. PMID: 18945956.
- 8. Villar J, Ariff S, Gunier RB, et al. Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Among Pregnant Women With and Without COVID-19 Infection: The INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(8):817–826. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1050
- 9. Gurol-Urganci I, Jardine JE, Carroll F, Draycott T, Dunn G, Fremeaux A, Harris T, Hawdon J, Morris E, Muller P, Waite L, Webster K, van der Meulen J, Khalil A. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of birth in England: national cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Nov;225(5):522.e1-522.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.05.016. Epub 2021 May 20. PMID: 34023315; PMCID: PMC8135190.
- 10. S. Ellington, P. Strid, V. T. Tong et al., “Characteristics of women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status—United States, January 22–June 7, 2020,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 69, no. 25, pp. 769–775, 2020.
- 11. Elshafeey F, Magdi R, Hindi N, Elshebiny M, Farrag N, Mahdy S, et al. A systematic scoping review of COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13182.
- 12. Jafari M, Pormohammad A, Sheikh Neshin SA, Ghorbani S, Bose D, Alimohammadi S, Basirjafari S, Mohammadi M, Rasmussen-Ivey C, Razizadeh MH, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Zarei M. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 and comparison with control patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol. 2021 Sep;31(5):1-16. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2208. Epub 2021 Jan 2. PMID: 33387448; PMCID: PMC7883245.
- 13. Yu N, Li W, Kang Q, Xiong Z, Wang S, Lin X, Liu Y, Xiao J, Liu H, Deng D, Chen S, Zeng W, Feng L, Wu J. Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 May;20(5):559-564. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30176-6. Epub 2020 Mar 24. PMID: 32220284; PMCID: PMC7158904.
- 14. WAPM (World Association of Perinatal Medicine) Working Group on COVID-19. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Feb;57(2):232-241. doi: 10.1002/uog.23107. Epub 2021 Jan 21. Erratum in: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Sep;58(3):496. PMID: 32926494.
- 15. Pettirosso E, Giles M, Cole S, Rees M. COVID-19 and pregnancy: A review of clinical characteristics, obstetric outcomes and vertical transmission. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2020 Oct;60(5):640-659. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13204. Epub 2020 Aug 10. PMID: 32779193; PMCID: PMC7436616.
- 16. Fisher SA, Goldstein JA, Mithal LB, Isaia AL, Shanes ED, Otero S, Miller ES. Laboratory analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2021 Nov;3(6):100458. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100458. Epub 2021 Aug 14. PMID: 34403821; PMCID: PMC8364143.
- 17. Chi J, Gong W, Gao Q. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 and the risk of vertical transmission: a systematic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2021 Feb;303(2):337-345. doi: 10.1007/s00404-020-05889-5. Epub 2020 Dec 1. PMID: 33258995; PMCID: PMC7706177.
- 18. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ; HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1033-1034. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0. Epub 2020 Mar 16. PMID: 32192578; PMCID: PMC7270045.
- 19. Fisman DN, Tuite AR. Evaluation of the relative virulence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. CMAJ. 2021 Oct 25;193(42):E1619-E1625. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.211248. Epub 2021 Oct 4. PMID: 34610919; PMCID: PMC8562985.