Research Article
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Impact of Rabies Exposure Cases on Emergency Department Visits in Kırşehir

Year 2026, Volume: 4 Issue: 1 , 28 - 34 , 30.04.2026
https://izlik.org/JA87DD83UD

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics, exposure types, and post-
exposure prophylaxis (PEP) management of patients presenting to the emergency department in Kırşehir due to rabies-risk contact. It also sought to identify factors influencing vaccination completion and to provide data that may guide public health interventions and policy planning.
Method: This retrospective, descriptive study was conducted at Kırşehir Training and Research Hospital
Emergency Department and included all patients who presented with suspected rabies exposure between
March 1, 2022, and March 1, 2023. Patients with incomplete records or those who only received follow-up
vaccine doses initiated elsewhere were excluded. Data was collected from hospital information systems and
PEP registration logs. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, with p <
0.05 considered significant.
Results: A total of 488 patients were included in the study. Male patients accounted for 55.5% of the cases.
The majority of exposures were caused by cats (66.8%) and dogs (32.2%), with stray and unvaccinated
animals responsible for most incidents (87.1%). The most frequently affected body parts were the right and left hands. Four vaccine doses were administered to 98.2% of patients, and immunoglobulin was given to 31.4%. Observation was performed in 12.7% of patients. A significant relationship was found between gender and type of attack, as well as between gender and animal species (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: This study highlights that rabies-risk exposures in Kırşehir are predominantly associated with
stray, unvaccinated cats, and that the right hand is the most injured region. Although PEP adherence was high, the lack of observation and limited infectious disease consultations highlight areas requiring improvement. Enhancing interdepartmental coordination, strengthening stray animal vaccination programs, and improving community education are essential for optimizing rabies prevention and control strategies in Turkey.

Ethical Statement

I declare that this study is an original study; that I have acted in accordance with scientific ethical principles and rules in all stages of the study, including preparation, data collection, analysis, and presentation of information; that I have cited sources for all data and information not obtained within the scope of this study and included these sources in the bibliography; that I have not made any changes to the data used; and that I have complied with ethical duties and responsibilities by accepting all the terms and conditions of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Supporting Institution

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References

  • 1. WHO (World Health Organization) South-East Asia. Zero human dog-mediated rabies deaths by 2030 (“Zero by 30”) [Internet]. https://www.who.int/southeastasia/health-topics/rabies/rabies-zero-deaths-by-2030. (Date of access: 21 Dec 2025).
  • 2. Glazier E, Fleenor LM, Dillon R. The impact of a walk-in clinic referral protocol on rabies vaccination emergency department visits. Am J Emerg Med. 2025;95:30-3.
  • 3. Lewis T, Baack K, Gomez L, Nichols H, Lemmons C, Zeger W. Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2024;78:202-5.
  • 4. Singkam N, Sapsirisavat V, Chanduan J, Piyabenjarad P, Limpitigranon P, Wisitthipakdeekul S, et al. Delayed and incomplete rabies post-exposure prophylaxis among international travelers: A seven-year retrospective study at an emergency center in eastern Thailand. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2025;67:102873.
  • 5. Ayesha D, Snigdha S, Sneha B, Ipsa M. Economic costs of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and healthcare utilization patterns post animal bites: An experience from a private healthcare facility in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2025;14(6):2201-9.
  • 6. Alpar S, Colak FU, Kaya B, Yilmaz S. The impact of media on surge capacity in emergency departments: A study on rabies vaccination uptake. BMC Emerg Med. 2025;25(1):102.
  • 7. Aylan O, Sertkaya B, Demeli A, Vos A, Hacioglu S, Atıcı YT, et al. Oral rabies vaccination of foxes in Türkiye, 2019-2022. One Health. 2024;19:100877.
  • 8. WHO (World Health Organization) News. Gavi to boost access to life-saving human rabies vaccines in over 50 countries: Gavi, WHO and UAR [Internet]. https://www.who.int/news/item/13-06-2024-gavi-to-boost-access- to-life-saving-rabies-vaccines-human-in-over-50-countries-gavi-who-and-uar. (Date of access: 21 Dec 2025).
  • 9. Fooks AR, Banyard AC, Horton DL, Johnson N, McElhinney LM, Jackson AC. Current status of rabies and prospects for elimination. Lancet. 2023;401(10378):1505-17.
  • 10. WHO (World Health Organization). Rabies: Key facts [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2024 Jun. https://www.who. int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies. (Date of access: 21 Dec 2025).
  • 11. Debbarma M, Singh R, Roychoudhury P, Das P, Nath A, Sharma K, et al. Rabies in cats: Implications, diagnosis, and future directions. Bio Vet Innov. 2024;3(4):55-63.
  • 12. Sönmez ÖF. Stray dogs in Türkiye: A health needs assessment proposal for rabies elimination. J Biotechnol Strateg Health Res. 2024;8(1):16-22.
  • 13. CDC Yellow Book: Health Information for International Travel - Rabies [Internet]. 2025 Apr 23. https://www. cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/rabies.html. (Date of access: 21 Dec 2025).

Kırşehir’de Kuduz Riskli Temas Olgularının Acil Servis Başvurularına Etkisi

Year 2026, Volume: 4 Issue: 1 , 28 - 34 , 30.04.2026
https://izlik.org/JA87DD83UD

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Kırşehir’de kuduz riskli temas nedeniyle acil servise başvuran hastaların demografik ve
klinik özelliklerini, temas türlerini ve maruziyet sonrası profilaksi (post eksposure profilaksi- PEP) süreçlerini
analiz etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Ayrıca, aşı tamamlama oranlarını etkileyen faktörleri belirleme ve halk sağlığı
müdahaleleri ile politika planlamalarına veri sağlamayı hedeflemiştir.
Yöntem: Bu retrospektif, tanımlayıcı çalışma Kırşehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Acil Servisi’nde
yürütülmüş olup, 1 Mart 2022 – 1 Mart 2023 tarihleri arasında kuduz şüphesiyle başvuran tüm hastaları
kapsamaktadır. Kayıtları eksik olan veya başka merkezde başlatılan aşıların devam dozlarını almak için
başvuran hastalar çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Veriler, hastane bilgi yönetim sistemi ve kuduz profilaksi kayıt
defterlerinden elde edilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizlerde ki-kare ve fishers exact testleri kullanılmış, p<0,05 değeri
anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 488 hasta dâahil edilmiştir. Hastaların %55,5’i erkektir. Temasların çoğu kedi
(%66,8) ve köpeklerden (%32,2) kaynaklanmış olup, sahipsiz ve aşısız hayvanların oranı %87,1 olarak
saptanmıştırdı. En sık etkilenen vücut bölgeleri sağ ve sol el olarak saptanmıştır. Olguların %98,2’sine dört doz
aşı, %31,4’üne immünoglobulin uygulanmıştır. Hastaların %12,7’si gözlem altına alınmıştır. Cinsiyet ile saldırı
türü ve hayvan türü arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,001).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Kırşehir’deki kuduz riskli temasların çoğunlukla sahipsiz ve aşısız kedilerle ilişkili
olduğunu ve en sık yaralanma bölgesinin sağ el olduğunu göstermektedir. PEP uyumu yüksek olmasına rağmen, gözlem eksikliği ve enfeksiyon hastalıkları konsültasyonunun sınırlı olması geliştirilmesi gereken alanlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Bölümler arası koordinasyonun artırılması, sahipsiz hayvan aşılama programlarının güçlendirilmesi ve toplumsal farkındalığın artırılması, Türkiye’de kuduzun önlenmesi ve kontrolü açısından kritik öneme sahiptir.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilmeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı, çalışmanın Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)' in tüm şartlarını ve koşullarını kabul ederek etik görev ve sorumluluklara riayet ettiğimi beyan ederim.

Supporting Institution

yok

Thanks

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References

  • 1. WHO (World Health Organization) South-East Asia. Zero human dog-mediated rabies deaths by 2030 (“Zero by 30”) [Internet]. https://www.who.int/southeastasia/health-topics/rabies/rabies-zero-deaths-by-2030. (Date of access: 21 Dec 2025).
  • 2. Glazier E, Fleenor LM, Dillon R. The impact of a walk-in clinic referral protocol on rabies vaccination emergency department visits. Am J Emerg Med. 2025;95:30-3.
  • 3. Lewis T, Baack K, Gomez L, Nichols H, Lemmons C, Zeger W. Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2024;78:202-5.
  • 4. Singkam N, Sapsirisavat V, Chanduan J, Piyabenjarad P, Limpitigranon P, Wisitthipakdeekul S, et al. Delayed and incomplete rabies post-exposure prophylaxis among international travelers: A seven-year retrospective study at an emergency center in eastern Thailand. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2025;67:102873.
  • 5. Ayesha D, Snigdha S, Sneha B, Ipsa M. Economic costs of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and healthcare utilization patterns post animal bites: An experience from a private healthcare facility in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2025;14(6):2201-9.
  • 6. Alpar S, Colak FU, Kaya B, Yilmaz S. The impact of media on surge capacity in emergency departments: A study on rabies vaccination uptake. BMC Emerg Med. 2025;25(1):102.
  • 7. Aylan O, Sertkaya B, Demeli A, Vos A, Hacioglu S, Atıcı YT, et al. Oral rabies vaccination of foxes in Türkiye, 2019-2022. One Health. 2024;19:100877.
  • 8. WHO (World Health Organization) News. Gavi to boost access to life-saving human rabies vaccines in over 50 countries: Gavi, WHO and UAR [Internet]. https://www.who.int/news/item/13-06-2024-gavi-to-boost-access- to-life-saving-rabies-vaccines-human-in-over-50-countries-gavi-who-and-uar. (Date of access: 21 Dec 2025).
  • 9. Fooks AR, Banyard AC, Horton DL, Johnson N, McElhinney LM, Jackson AC. Current status of rabies and prospects for elimination. Lancet. 2023;401(10378):1505-17.
  • 10. WHO (World Health Organization). Rabies: Key facts [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2024 Jun. https://www.who. int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies. (Date of access: 21 Dec 2025).
  • 11. Debbarma M, Singh R, Roychoudhury P, Das P, Nath A, Sharma K, et al. Rabies in cats: Implications, diagnosis, and future directions. Bio Vet Innov. 2024;3(4):55-63.
  • 12. Sönmez ÖF. Stray dogs in Türkiye: A health needs assessment proposal for rabies elimination. J Biotechnol Strateg Health Res. 2024;8(1):16-22.
  • 13. CDC Yellow Book: Health Information for International Travel - Rabies [Internet]. 2025 Apr 23. https://www. cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/rabies.html. (Date of access: 21 Dec 2025).
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Emergency Medicine, Infectious Diseases
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nazlı Çelik 0000-0002-1146-6311

Halil İbrahim Atalay 0000-0003-2083-8348

Sercan Eroğlu 0000-0002-0942-1229

Burak Çelik 0000-0002-6746-4083

Hacı Mehmet Çalışkan 0000-0001-7370-420X

Submission Date December 19, 2025
Acceptance Date February 5, 2026
Publication Date April 30, 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA87DD83UD
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver 1.Nazlı Çelik, Halil İbrahim Atalay, Sercan Eroğlu, Burak Çelik, Hacı Mehmet Çalışkan. Impact of Rabies Exposure Cases on Emergency Department Visits in Kırşehir. SMJ [Internet]. 2026 Apr. 1;4(1):28-34. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA87DD83UD