Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Cyber-Bıology Synthetıc Bıology and Crımes of The Future

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 104 - 113
https://doi.org/10.51764/smutgd.1522515

Abstract

This article, analyzes future crime potentials by addressing the intersection of synthetic biology and cybercrime. Synthetic biology is a field that involves the re-engineering of organisms with new capabilities, and the proliferation of rapidly developing technologies opens up new criminal opportunities. Cyber-biocrime involves the malicious use of internet-connected laboratories and biotechnology systems. This article discusses examples of potential crimes such as biological discrimination, biological malware, gene editing and illicit drug production at home, and focuses on prevention strategies. Legislation, international cooperation, education and technological security are critical to preventing future crimes.

References

  • Adler, A., Beal, J., Lancaster, M., & Wyschogrod, D. (2021). Cyberbiosecurity and Public Health in the Age of COVID-19. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 103-115.
  • Appleton, E., & Millett, P. (2021). Technical Aspects of Biosecurity: Screening Guidance, Attribution, and Traceability. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology. NATO Science for Peace and Security, 141-167.
  • Barbato, R. A. (2021). The Soil Habitat and Considerations for Synthetic Biology. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 169-175.
  • CellPress (2016). Synthetic biology used to limit bacterial growth and coordinate drug release.
  • Cummings, C. L., Volk, K. M., Ulanova, A. A., Lam, D. T. U. H., & Ng, P. R. (2021). Emerging Biosecurity Threats and Responses: A Review of Published and Gray Literature. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 13-36.
  • Elgabry, M., (2020). Written evidence submitted by Mariam Elgabry to the United Kingdom Biosecurity and National Security Joint Committee.Retrieved from https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/6854/pdf/
  • Elgabry, M., Nesbeth, D., & Johnson, S. D. (2020). A systematic review of the criminogenic potential of synthetic biology and routes to future crime prevention. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 8, 1119.https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.01119
  • Florin M.V., & Trump B.D.(2021). Conclusions on cyberbiosecurity governance.In B.D.Trump, et al.(Eds.), Emerging threats of synthetic biology and biotechnology: Addressing security and resilience issues (pp. 221-228). Springer Nature.
  • George, A. M. (2019). The national security implications of cyberbiosecurity. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 7, 51.
  • Hamilton, R. A., Mampuys, R., Galaitsi, S. E., Collins, A., Istomin, I., Ahteensuu, M., & Bakanidze, L. (2021). Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Considerations for Top-Down Governance for Biosecurity and Synthetic Biology. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 37-58.
  • Jin, A., & Linkov, I. (2021). Synthetic Biology Brings New Challenges to Managing Biosecurity and Biosafety. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 117-129.
  • Lewis, S.M., & Linkov I.(2020). Cyberbiosecurity: A call for cooperation in a new threat landscape.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 8, 1119. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.01119
  • Malsch, I., & Espona, M. (2021). Responsible Governance of Biosecurity in Armenia. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 67-80.
  • Millett, K., Dos Santos, E., & Millett, P. D. (2019). Cyber-biosecurity risk perceptions in the biotech sector. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 7, 136.
  • Mueller, S. (2021). Facing the 2020 pandemic: What does cyberbiosecurity want us to know to safeguard the future?. Biosafety and health, 3(1), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-021-00032-8
  • Murch R.S., & Linkov I.(2021). Cyberbiosecurity risk assessment framework.In B.D.Trump, et al.(Eds.), Emerging threats of synthetic biology and biotechnology: Addressing security and resilience issues (pp. 207-220). Springer Nature.
  • Murch, R. S., So, W. K., Buchholz, W. G., Raman, S., & Peccoud, J. (2018). Cyberbiosecurity: an emerging new discipline to help safeguard the bioeconomy. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 39.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.012
  • Nelson, C., Adiguzel, I., Florin, M. V., Lentzos, F., Knutsson, R., Rhodes, C., ... & Vergin, A. (2021). Foresight in Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Threats. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 177-194.
  • NHGRI. (N.d.). (2021). The cost of sequencing a human genome. Retrieved from https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Sequencing-Human-Genome-cost. (Erişim 20.05.2024)
  • Nieuwenweg, A.C., et al. (2021). Emerging biotechnology and information hazards.In B.D.Trump, et al.(Eds.), Emerging threats of synthetic biology and biotechnology: Addressing security and resilience issues (pp. 131-140). Springer Nature.
  • Novossiolova, T., Kuiken, T., DeCoste, J., Henry, L., Malsch, I., Merad, M., ... & Waskow, A. (2021). Addressing emerging synthetic biology threats: the role of education and outreach in fostering effective bottom-up grassroots governance. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 81-102.
  • Peccoud, J. (2016). Synthetic Biology: fostering the cyber-biological revolution. Synthetic Biology, 1(1), ysw001.. https://doi.org/10.1093/synbio/ysw001
  • Peccoud, J., Gallegos, J. E., Murch, R., Buchholz, W. G., & Raman, S. (2018). Cyberbiosecurity: from naive trust to risk awareness. Trends in biotechnology, 36(1), 4-7.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.012
  • Prangono, B. ve Arabo, A. (2021). COVID-19 pandemik siber güvenlik sorunları. İnternet Teknolojisi Mektupları, 4 (2), e247.https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.247 Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160630135852.htm
  • Rhodes, C., & Lentzos F.(2021). Governance challenges for emerging technologies with dual-use potential.In B.D.Trump, et al.(Eds.), Emerging threats of synthetic biology and biotechnology: Addressing security and resilience issues (pp. 193-206). Springer Nature.
  • Richardson, L. C., Connell, N. D., Lewis, S. M., Pauwels, E., & Murch, R. S. (2019). Cyberbiosecurity: a call for cooperation in a new threat landscape. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 7, 451363.https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00099
  • Trump, B. D., Florin, M. V., Perkins, E., & Linkov, I. (2021). Emerging threats of synthetic biology and biotechnology: addressing security and resilience issues.. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2086-9
  • United Kingdom Government (2019). Future technology trends in security. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/future-technology-trends-in-security

Siber-Biyosuç: Sentetik Biyoloji ve Geleceğin Suçları

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 104 - 113
https://doi.org/10.51764/smutgd.1522515

Abstract

Bu makale, sentetik biyoloji ve siber suçların kesişimini ele alarak geleceğin suç potansiyellerini analiz etmektedir. Sentetik biyoloji, organizmaların yeni yeteneklerle yeniden tasarlanmasını içeren bir alandır ve hızla gelişen teknolojilerin yaygınlaşmasıyla yeni suç fırsatları doğurmaktadır. Siber-biyosuç, internet bağlantılı laboratuvarlar ve biyoteknoloji sistemlerinin kötü niyetli kullanımını içerir. Bu makale, biyolojik ayrımcılık, biyolojik kötü amaçlı yazılım, gen düzenleme ve evde yasadışı uyuşturucu üretimi gibi potansiyel suç örneklerini ele almakta ve önleme stratejileri üzerinde durmaktadır. Yasal düzenlemeler, uluslararası iş birliği, eğitim ve teknolojik güvenlik, gelecekteki suçların önlenmesinde kritik öneme sahiptir.

References

  • Adler, A., Beal, J., Lancaster, M., & Wyschogrod, D. (2021). Cyberbiosecurity and Public Health in the Age of COVID-19. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 103-115.
  • Appleton, E., & Millett, P. (2021). Technical Aspects of Biosecurity: Screening Guidance, Attribution, and Traceability. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology. NATO Science for Peace and Security, 141-167.
  • Barbato, R. A. (2021). The Soil Habitat and Considerations for Synthetic Biology. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 169-175.
  • CellPress (2016). Synthetic biology used to limit bacterial growth and coordinate drug release.
  • Cummings, C. L., Volk, K. M., Ulanova, A. A., Lam, D. T. U. H., & Ng, P. R. (2021). Emerging Biosecurity Threats and Responses: A Review of Published and Gray Literature. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 13-36.
  • Elgabry, M., (2020). Written evidence submitted by Mariam Elgabry to the United Kingdom Biosecurity and National Security Joint Committee.Retrieved from https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/6854/pdf/
  • Elgabry, M., Nesbeth, D., & Johnson, S. D. (2020). A systematic review of the criminogenic potential of synthetic biology and routes to future crime prevention. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 8, 1119.https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.01119
  • Florin M.V., & Trump B.D.(2021). Conclusions on cyberbiosecurity governance.In B.D.Trump, et al.(Eds.), Emerging threats of synthetic biology and biotechnology: Addressing security and resilience issues (pp. 221-228). Springer Nature.
  • George, A. M. (2019). The national security implications of cyberbiosecurity. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 7, 51.
  • Hamilton, R. A., Mampuys, R., Galaitsi, S. E., Collins, A., Istomin, I., Ahteensuu, M., & Bakanidze, L. (2021). Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Considerations for Top-Down Governance for Biosecurity and Synthetic Biology. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 37-58.
  • Jin, A., & Linkov, I. (2021). Synthetic Biology Brings New Challenges to Managing Biosecurity and Biosafety. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 117-129.
  • Lewis, S.M., & Linkov I.(2020). Cyberbiosecurity: A call for cooperation in a new threat landscape.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 8, 1119. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.01119
  • Malsch, I., & Espona, M. (2021). Responsible Governance of Biosecurity in Armenia. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 67-80.
  • Millett, K., Dos Santos, E., & Millett, P. D. (2019). Cyber-biosecurity risk perceptions in the biotech sector. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 7, 136.
  • Mueller, S. (2021). Facing the 2020 pandemic: What does cyberbiosecurity want us to know to safeguard the future?. Biosafety and health, 3(1), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-021-00032-8
  • Murch R.S., & Linkov I.(2021). Cyberbiosecurity risk assessment framework.In B.D.Trump, et al.(Eds.), Emerging threats of synthetic biology and biotechnology: Addressing security and resilience issues (pp. 207-220). Springer Nature.
  • Murch, R. S., So, W. K., Buchholz, W. G., Raman, S., & Peccoud, J. (2018). Cyberbiosecurity: an emerging new discipline to help safeguard the bioeconomy. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 39.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.012
  • Nelson, C., Adiguzel, I., Florin, M. V., Lentzos, F., Knutsson, R., Rhodes, C., ... & Vergin, A. (2021). Foresight in Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Threats. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 177-194.
  • NHGRI. (N.d.). (2021). The cost of sequencing a human genome. Retrieved from https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Sequencing-Human-Genome-cost. (Erişim 20.05.2024)
  • Nieuwenweg, A.C., et al. (2021). Emerging biotechnology and information hazards.In B.D.Trump, et al.(Eds.), Emerging threats of synthetic biology and biotechnology: Addressing security and resilience issues (pp. 131-140). Springer Nature.
  • Novossiolova, T., Kuiken, T., DeCoste, J., Henry, L., Malsch, I., Merad, M., ... & Waskow, A. (2021). Addressing emerging synthetic biology threats: the role of education and outreach in fostering effective bottom-up grassroots governance. Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology: Addressing Security and Resilience Issues, 81-102.
  • Peccoud, J. (2016). Synthetic Biology: fostering the cyber-biological revolution. Synthetic Biology, 1(1), ysw001.. https://doi.org/10.1093/synbio/ysw001
  • Peccoud, J., Gallegos, J. E., Murch, R., Buchholz, W. G., & Raman, S. (2018). Cyberbiosecurity: from naive trust to risk awareness. Trends in biotechnology, 36(1), 4-7.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.012
  • Prangono, B. ve Arabo, A. (2021). COVID-19 pandemik siber güvenlik sorunları. İnternet Teknolojisi Mektupları, 4 (2), e247.https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.247 Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160630135852.htm
  • Rhodes, C., & Lentzos F.(2021). Governance challenges for emerging technologies with dual-use potential.In B.D.Trump, et al.(Eds.), Emerging threats of synthetic biology and biotechnology: Addressing security and resilience issues (pp. 193-206). Springer Nature.
  • Richardson, L. C., Connell, N. D., Lewis, S. M., Pauwels, E., & Murch, R. S. (2019). Cyberbiosecurity: a call for cooperation in a new threat landscape. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 7, 451363.https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00099
  • Trump, B. D., Florin, M. V., Perkins, E., & Linkov, I. (2021). Emerging threats of synthetic biology and biotechnology: addressing security and resilience issues.. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2086-9
  • United Kingdom Government (2019). Future technology trends in security. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/future-technology-trends-in-security
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health and Ecological Risk Assessment
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatma Altıntaş 0000-0002-7871-1967

Atakan Konukbay 0000-0003-2404-0253

Ahmet Koluman 0000-0001-5308-8884

Early Pub Date October 5, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date July 25, 2024
Acceptance Date August 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Altıntaş, F., Konukbay, A., & Koluman, A. (2024). Siber-Biyosuç: Sentetik Biyoloji ve Geleceğin Suçları. Sürdürülebilir Mühendislik Uygulamaları Ve Teknolojik Gelişmeler Dergisi, 7(2), 104-113. https://doi.org/10.51764/smutgd.1522515

Creative Commons Lisansı
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.