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MAX WEBER VE ANTONIO GRAMSCI’NİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OKUMASI: KLASİK SOSYOLOJİNİN GELECEĞİNİN SÜREKLİLİĞİNİ SİYASAL ÖN YARGILARIN ÖTESİNDE ANLAMLANDIRMAK

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 34 - 60, 28.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.728283

Abstract

Mevcut makale; sınıf oluşumu, meşruiyet/hegemonya, liderlik/aydınlar ve karizma/bürokrasi
kavramları üzerinden Max Weber ve Antonio Gramsci’nin düşüncelerinin karşılaştırmalı bir
incelemesini sunmaktadır. Amaç, sosyoloji geleneğinin sürekliliğini ortaya koyarak, günümüzde hala
etkisini sürdüren kimi temel Soğuk Savaş ön yargılarının aşılmasına katkı sağlamaktır. Bu siyasal ön
yargılar, Marksizmin “kaba” maddeciliğiyle Weberci sosyolojinin sözde idealizmi arasında yapay bir
ikilik dayatarak sosyolojik düşünce geleneğinin kuramsal açıklayıcılığına sekte vurmaktadır. Aynı
zamanda makale, Gramsci’nin düşüncesinde yaygınca görmezden gelinen Weber etkilerini ve her iki
ismin paylaştığı kavramsal temeli ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Makalede ileri sürülen temel sav
odur ki Weber ve Gramsci, süreklilik arz eden köklü bir düşünce geleneğine mensuplardır. Her iki isim
de, toplumsal değişimin dinamikleri üzerine kafa yormuşlardır. Bu dinamiklerin güçlü bir politik
ekonomik ve sınıfsal bir temel üzerinde yükseldiğini vurgulamışlardır. Bununla birlikte, toplumsal
değişimin politik ekonomiye indirgenmesini reddetmişler ve öznel değişkenlerin rolünü anlamaya çaba
göstermişlerdir. Kapitalist toplumun derinlikli bir eleştirisini sağlayarak geleceğin siyasal sosyolojisinin
kapsamlı bir kuramsal haritasını oluşturmuşlardır.

References

  • Antonio, J. ve Glassman, R. (1985). Introduction. R. Antonio ve R. Glassman. (Ed.), A Weber- Marx Dialogue (s. xi-xx). Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. Antonio, R.J. (1985). Values, History and Science: the Metatheoretic Foundations of the Weber–Marx Dialogue. R.J. Antonio and R.M. Glassman (Ed.), A Weber–Marx Dialogue (s. 255-311). Lawrence KA: University Press of Kansas. Akkaya, A. Y. (2014). Antonio Gramsci’de Entelektüelin Bir Eleştirisi Olarak Praksis Düşüncesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 21 (1), 35-46. Appelrouth, S. ve Edles, L. D. (2008). Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory. United States of America. Pine Forge Press. Ataay, F. Ve Kalfa, C. (2008). Modern Prens'ten 'Post-Modern Prens'e: Gramsci'nin Siyasal Parti Kuramı Üzerine. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 15 (1), 26-49. Baehr, P. (1988). Max Weber as a critic of Bismarck. European Journal of Sociology, 29 (1), 149-164. Bellamy, R. ve Schecter, D. (1993). Gramsci and the Italian State. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Blau, A. (2017). Interpreting Texts. A. Blau. (Ed.), Methods in Analytical Political Theory (s. 243-269). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bourdieu, P. ve Passeron, J. (1990). Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: Sage. Callinicos, A. (1985). Anthony Giddens: A Contemporary Critique. Theory and Society, 14 (2), 133-166. Callinicos, A. (1999). Social Theory: A Historical Introduction. Cambridge: Polity Press. Cogniot, G. (1968). Karl Marx: Notre Contemporain. Paris: Éditions Sociales. Cohen, J, Hazelrigg, L. E. ve Pope, W. (1975). De-Parsonizing Weber: A Critique of Parsons' Interpretation of Weber's Sociology. American Sociological Review, 40 (2), 229-241. Dimitrakos, D. P. (2002). Gramsci and the Contemporary Debate on Marxism. J. Martin. (Ed.), Antonio Gramsci (s. 85-114). New York: Routledge. Dural, A. B. (2007). A. Gramsci Düşüncesinde Tarihsel Blok/Hegemonya/Aydınlar ve Bunalım Süreçleri Kavramı. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9 (2), 55-68. Drake, R . (2003). Apostles and Agitators: Italy's Marxist Revolutionary Tradition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Draper, H . (2011). Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution: State and Bureaucracy. Aaakar: Delhi. Erdem, D. F. ve Erdem, Ç. (2016). İtalya'da Faşizmin Yükselişi Ve Antonio Gramsci'nin Faşizm Karşıtı Strateji ve Taktikleri. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (1), 103-127. Erdem, D. F. (2015). Antonio Gramsci’nin Kuramında Faşizm Çözümlemeleri. Akademik Bakış, 9 (17), 295-314. Filippini, M. (2017). Using Gramsci: A New Approach. London: Pluto Press. Gane, M. (Ed.). (2002). The Radical Sociology of Durkheim and Mauss. London: Routledge. Giddens, A. (1970). Marx, Weber, and the Development of Capitalism. Sociology, 4 (3), 289-310. Giddens, A. (2010). Kapitalizm ve Modem Sosyal Teori. Istanbul: Iletisim. Gramsci, A. (1959). The Modern Prince and Other Writings. New York: International Publishers. Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Gramsci, A. (1975). History, Philosophy and Culture in the Young Gramsci. Saint Louis: Telos Press. Gramsci, A. (1978). Selections from Political Writings (1921-1926). London: Lawrence and Wishart. Gramsci, A. (1992). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers. Gramsci, A. (1994). Pre-Prison Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gramsci, A. (2000). The Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings 1916-1935. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Gramsci, A. (2012a). Selections from Cultural Writings. Chicago, Illinois: Haymarket Books. Gramsci, A. (2012b). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers. Haidenko, P. (1989). The Sociology of Max Weber. I. Kon. (Ed.), A History of Classical Sociology (s. 255-311). Moscow: Progress Publishers. Halifeoğlu, B. ve Yetiş, M. (2013). Gramsci, Sivil Toplum-Devlet İkiliği ve Kuramsal Kökenler. Mülkiye Dergisi, 37 (1), 163-188. Kon, I. (1989). From Social Philosophy to Sociology. I. Kon. (Ed.), A History of Classical Sociology (s. 22-42). Moscow: Progress Publishers. Levy, M. (1986). Max Weber and Antonio Gramsci. W. J. Mommsen ve J. Osterhammel (Ed.), Max Weber and His Contemporaries (s. 382-402). Boston & London: Allen & Unwin. Löwy, M. (1996). Figures of Weberian Marxism. Theory and Society, 25(3), 431-46. Löwy, M. (2018). Demir Kafes. İstanbul: Ayrıntı. Marx, K. and Engels, F. (1976). Collected Works (50 Cilt). New York: International Publishers. Michels, R. (1949). Political Parties. New York: Free Press. Mills, C. W. (1959). The Power Elite. New York: Oxford University Press. Olsthoorn, J. (2017). Conceptual Analysis. A. Blau. (Ed.), Methods in Analytical Political Theory (s. 153-191). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Osipov, G. (1969). Sociology. Moscow: Progress Publishers. Parsons, T. (2005). The Social System. New York: Routledge. Pearce, F. (2001). The Radical Durkheim. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press. Sassoon, A. S. (1987) Gramsci's Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Schroeter, G. (1985). Dialogue, Debate, or Dissent? The Difficulties of Assessing Max Weber’s Relation to Marx. (Ed.), A Weber- Marx Dialogue (s. 1-19). Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. Schwarzmantel, J. (2015). The Routledge Guidebook to Gramsci's Prison Notebooks. New York & London: Routledge. Séguin, P. (1990). Louis Napoléon le Grand. Paris: Gasset. Sen, A. (1985). Weber, Gramsci and Capitalism. Social Scientist, 13(1), 3-22. Seymour, J. (1976). The National Question in the Marxist Movement: 1848-1914. Workers Vanguard; 123/125, 1-60. Shafir, G. (1985). Interpretative Sociology and the Philosophy of Praxis: Comparing Max Weber and Antonio Gramsci. PRAXIS International; 1(1), 63-74. Turner, B. S. (1996). For Weber. London: Sage. Weber, M. (1958). From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press. Weber, M. (1964). Max Weber: The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: The Free Press. Weber, M. (1965). Politics as Vocation. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society. Berkeley, Los Angeles & London: University of California Press. Weber, M. (1994). Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Weiss, J. (1985). On the Marxist Reception and Critique of Max Weber in Eastern Europe. R. Antonio ve R. Glassman. (Ed.), A Weber- Marx Dialogue (s. 117-133). Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. Wright, E. O. (2015). Understanding Class. London: Verso Books. Yeliseyeva, N. V. (1975). Yakın Çağlar Tarihi- İngiliz Burjuva Devriminden Sovyet Devrimine. İstanbul: Konuk. Yetiş, M. (2009). Gramsci ve Devletin İki Görünümü. Mülkiye Dergisi, 33 (264), 129-153. Yetiş, M. (2002). Gramsci ve Aydınlar. Mülkiye Dergisi, 26 (236), 217–245. Zeitlin, I. M. (1981). Ideology and the Development of Sociological Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 34 - 60, 28.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.728283

Abstract

References

  • Antonio, J. ve Glassman, R. (1985). Introduction. R. Antonio ve R. Glassman. (Ed.), A Weber- Marx Dialogue (s. xi-xx). Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. Antonio, R.J. (1985). Values, History and Science: the Metatheoretic Foundations of the Weber–Marx Dialogue. R.J. Antonio and R.M. Glassman (Ed.), A Weber–Marx Dialogue (s. 255-311). Lawrence KA: University Press of Kansas. Akkaya, A. Y. (2014). Antonio Gramsci’de Entelektüelin Bir Eleştirisi Olarak Praksis Düşüncesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 21 (1), 35-46. Appelrouth, S. ve Edles, L. D. (2008). Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory. United States of America. Pine Forge Press. Ataay, F. Ve Kalfa, C. (2008). Modern Prens'ten 'Post-Modern Prens'e: Gramsci'nin Siyasal Parti Kuramı Üzerine. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 15 (1), 26-49. Baehr, P. (1988). Max Weber as a critic of Bismarck. European Journal of Sociology, 29 (1), 149-164. Bellamy, R. ve Schecter, D. (1993). Gramsci and the Italian State. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Blau, A. (2017). Interpreting Texts. A. Blau. (Ed.), Methods in Analytical Political Theory (s. 243-269). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bourdieu, P. ve Passeron, J. (1990). Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: Sage. Callinicos, A. (1985). Anthony Giddens: A Contemporary Critique. Theory and Society, 14 (2), 133-166. Callinicos, A. (1999). Social Theory: A Historical Introduction. Cambridge: Polity Press. Cogniot, G. (1968). Karl Marx: Notre Contemporain. Paris: Éditions Sociales. Cohen, J, Hazelrigg, L. E. ve Pope, W. (1975). De-Parsonizing Weber: A Critique of Parsons' Interpretation of Weber's Sociology. American Sociological Review, 40 (2), 229-241. Dimitrakos, D. P. (2002). Gramsci and the Contemporary Debate on Marxism. J. Martin. (Ed.), Antonio Gramsci (s. 85-114). New York: Routledge. Dural, A. B. (2007). A. Gramsci Düşüncesinde Tarihsel Blok/Hegemonya/Aydınlar ve Bunalım Süreçleri Kavramı. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9 (2), 55-68. Drake, R . (2003). Apostles and Agitators: Italy's Marxist Revolutionary Tradition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Draper, H . (2011). Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution: State and Bureaucracy. Aaakar: Delhi. Erdem, D. F. ve Erdem, Ç. (2016). İtalya'da Faşizmin Yükselişi Ve Antonio Gramsci'nin Faşizm Karşıtı Strateji ve Taktikleri. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (1), 103-127. Erdem, D. F. (2015). Antonio Gramsci’nin Kuramında Faşizm Çözümlemeleri. Akademik Bakış, 9 (17), 295-314. Filippini, M. (2017). Using Gramsci: A New Approach. London: Pluto Press. Gane, M. (Ed.). (2002). The Radical Sociology of Durkheim and Mauss. London: Routledge. Giddens, A. (1970). Marx, Weber, and the Development of Capitalism. Sociology, 4 (3), 289-310. Giddens, A. (2010). Kapitalizm ve Modem Sosyal Teori. Istanbul: Iletisim. Gramsci, A. (1959). The Modern Prince and Other Writings. New York: International Publishers. Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Gramsci, A. (1975). History, Philosophy and Culture in the Young Gramsci. Saint Louis: Telos Press. Gramsci, A. (1978). Selections from Political Writings (1921-1926). London: Lawrence and Wishart. Gramsci, A. (1992). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers. Gramsci, A. (1994). Pre-Prison Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gramsci, A. (2000). The Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings 1916-1935. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Gramsci, A. (2012a). Selections from Cultural Writings. Chicago, Illinois: Haymarket Books. Gramsci, A. (2012b). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers. Haidenko, P. (1989). The Sociology of Max Weber. I. Kon. (Ed.), A History of Classical Sociology (s. 255-311). Moscow: Progress Publishers. Halifeoğlu, B. ve Yetiş, M. (2013). Gramsci, Sivil Toplum-Devlet İkiliği ve Kuramsal Kökenler. Mülkiye Dergisi, 37 (1), 163-188. Kon, I. (1989). From Social Philosophy to Sociology. I. Kon. (Ed.), A History of Classical Sociology (s. 22-42). Moscow: Progress Publishers. Levy, M. (1986). Max Weber and Antonio Gramsci. W. J. Mommsen ve J. Osterhammel (Ed.), Max Weber and His Contemporaries (s. 382-402). Boston & London: Allen & Unwin. Löwy, M. (1996). Figures of Weberian Marxism. Theory and Society, 25(3), 431-46. Löwy, M. (2018). Demir Kafes. İstanbul: Ayrıntı. Marx, K. and Engels, F. (1976). Collected Works (50 Cilt). New York: International Publishers. Michels, R. (1949). Political Parties. New York: Free Press. Mills, C. W. (1959). The Power Elite. New York: Oxford University Press. Olsthoorn, J. (2017). Conceptual Analysis. A. Blau. (Ed.), Methods in Analytical Political Theory (s. 153-191). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Osipov, G. (1969). Sociology. Moscow: Progress Publishers. Parsons, T. (2005). The Social System. New York: Routledge. Pearce, F. (2001). The Radical Durkheim. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press. Sassoon, A. S. (1987) Gramsci's Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Schroeter, G. (1985). Dialogue, Debate, or Dissent? The Difficulties of Assessing Max Weber’s Relation to Marx. (Ed.), A Weber- Marx Dialogue (s. 1-19). Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. Schwarzmantel, J. (2015). The Routledge Guidebook to Gramsci's Prison Notebooks. New York & London: Routledge. Séguin, P. (1990). Louis Napoléon le Grand. Paris: Gasset. Sen, A. (1985). Weber, Gramsci and Capitalism. Social Scientist, 13(1), 3-22. Seymour, J. (1976). The National Question in the Marxist Movement: 1848-1914. Workers Vanguard; 123/125, 1-60. Shafir, G. (1985). Interpretative Sociology and the Philosophy of Praxis: Comparing Max Weber and Antonio Gramsci. PRAXIS International; 1(1), 63-74. Turner, B. S. (1996). For Weber. London: Sage. Weber, M. (1958). From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press. Weber, M. (1964). Max Weber: The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: The Free Press. Weber, M. (1965). Politics as Vocation. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society. Berkeley, Los Angeles & London: University of California Press. Weber, M. (1994). Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Weiss, J. (1985). On the Marxist Reception and Critique of Max Weber in Eastern Europe. R. Antonio ve R. Glassman. (Ed.), A Weber- Marx Dialogue (s. 117-133). Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. Wright, E. O. (2015). Understanding Class. London: Verso Books. Yeliseyeva, N. V. (1975). Yakın Çağlar Tarihi- İngiliz Burjuva Devriminden Sovyet Devrimine. İstanbul: Konuk. Yetiş, M. (2009). Gramsci ve Devletin İki Görünümü. Mülkiye Dergisi, 33 (264), 129-153. Yetiş, M. (2002). Gramsci ve Aydınlar. Mülkiye Dergisi, 26 (236), 217–245. Zeitlin, I. M. (1981). Ideology and the Development of Sociological Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
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Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Efe Can Gürcan This is me 0000-0002-5415-3163

Publication Date April 28, 2020
Submission Date November 8, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 23 Issue: 1

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APA Gürcan, E. C. (2020). MAX WEBER VE ANTONIO GRAMSCI’NİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OKUMASI: KLASİK SOSYOLOJİNİN GELECEĞİNİN SÜREKLİLİĞİNİ SİYASAL ÖN YARGILARIN ÖTESİNDE ANLAMLANDIRMAK. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 23(1), 34-60. https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.728283

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Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi / Journal of Sociological Research

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