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İNGİLİZ-YUNAN İLİŞKİLERİNDE KIBRIS KRİZİ: İNGİLTERE’NİN TEKLİFLERİ VE YUNANİSTAN’IN TEPKİSİ, ŞUBAT-EKİM 1915

Year 2023, , 647 - 672, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1285291

Abstract

İngiliz-Yunan ilişkilerinde Kıbrıs meselesini konu edinen bu çalışmanın amacı, savaş sırasında İngiltere’nin kendi cephesinde savaşa girmesi karşılığında adayı Yunanistan’a teklifi, bu konudaki motivasyonu ve teklife ilişkin Yunanistan’ın tepkisini analiz etmektedir. Savaş sırasında İngiltere iki kez önemli bir çıkar karşılığında Kıbrıs’ı elden çıkarma girişiminde bulunmuştu. Birincisi, müttefik donanmasının Çanakkale operasyonu sırasında, ikincisi Bulgaristan’ın savaşa İttifak bloğu cephesinde girmesi gerçekleşmişti. Savaş giden süreçte ve sırasında İngiltere, Sırbistan, Yunanistan, Romanya ve Bulgaristan’dan oluşan bir ittifak kurma girişimlerinde bulunmuş, ancak başarılı olamamıştı. Söz konusu ittifak ümitlerinin başarısızlığa uğraması üzerine savaşta tarafsızlığını koruyan Yunanistan İngiltere için derhal savaşa girmesi gereken önemli bir siyasi aktöre dönüşmüştü. Ancak her iki girişim de Başbakan Venizelos ve Alman yanlısı Kral Konstantinos arasındaki bölünme nedeniyle sonuçsuz kalmıştı. Yunanistan’ın bu yaklaşımı, Kıbrıs’ın, İngiliz-Yunan ilişkilerinin ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin savaştaki durumuna doğrudan etki etmişti. Çalışma konuya ilişkin uluslararası literatür yanında, Türkçe, İngilizce ve Yunanca arşiv kaynaklarına dayanmaktadır.

References

  • Abbott, G. F. (1922). Greece and The Allies, 1914-1922, Methuen & Co.
  • Alastos, D. (1942). Venizelos: Patriot-Statesman-Revolutionary. Percy Lund Humphries London.
  • Clogg, R. (1987). Parties and elections in Greece: The search for legitimacy, C. Hurst & Company.
  • Clogg, R. (2021). A concise history of Greece. Cambridge University Press.
  • Driault, E. (1926). Histoire diplomatique de la Grece de 1821 a nos jours, Vol. 5, La Grece et la grande guerre. Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Enepekides, P. K. (1992). Kyprianou Ι Doxa kai O Dixasmos 1908-1918: Apo ta Mistika Arxeia Viennis Verolino kai Vernis. B’ Ekdosi, Ekdotikos İkos S.I Zaharopoulos A.E.
  • Gianoulopoulos, G. N. (2003) I Evgenis mas Tiflosis. Vivliorama.
  • Gilbert, M. (1973). Winston Churchill, Volume III, Part I, Documents 1914-April 1915. Heinemann.
  • Grey, E. (1923). Twenty years 1892-1916. Volumet II, Frederik A. Stock Company.
  • Hall, R. C. (2011). Bulgaria in the First World War. The Historian, 73(2), 300-315.
  • Hering, G. (2012). Ta Politika Kommata Stin Ellada, 1881-1936. Morfotiko Idrima Ethnikis Trapezis.
  • Hill, G. (1952). A history of Cyprus. Volume IV, Cambridge University Press.
  • Hristodoulou, M. (1995). I Poeia ton Ellinotorkikon Sheseon kai I Kipros, Tomo A’ Oikos Proodos.
  • Leon, G. B. (1974). Greece and the great powers 1914-1917. Institute for Balkan Studies.
  • Loulos, K. (1991). I Germaniki Politik istin Ellada 1896-1914. Mortotiko Instituto ATE.
  • Mackenzie, C (1960). Greece in my life. Chatto & Windus.
  • Mackenzie, C. (1931). First Athenian memories. Cassell & Company Ltd.
  • Magnus, P. M. (1959). Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist. Dutton.
  • Mariusz, M. (2014). The offer of Cyprus to Greece in 1915: A British diplomatic failure. Studia Historyczne, 57(4), 473-491.
  • Mariusz, M. (2019). The 1912 British offer of Cyprus to Greece and the reaction of the Greek and Muslim Cypriots: A British perspective. Almanach Historyczny, (19), 97-107.
  • Markovich, S. (2018). Eleftherios Venizelos, British public opinion and the Climax of Anglo-Hellenism (1915-1920). Balcanica, (49), 125-155.
  • Metaksas, I. (1960). To Prosopiko tou Imerologio. Ikaros.
  • Mitrakos, A. S. (1974). French policy towards Greece, September 1915-March 1917, (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi), New York: New York Üniversitesi.
  • Nikolopoulous N. (2007). I., Dimitrios Gounaris, Politiki Viografia. I. Sideris, Athina.
  • Papapouliviou, P. (1993). “I Simmetohi tis Kiprou Stous Valkanikis Polemous”, sto biblio I Ellada kai ton Valkanikon Polemon, 1910-1914, ELIA, Athina.
  • Ploumidis, G. S. (2020). Metaksi Epanastasis kai Metarritmisis: Eleftherios K. Venizelos kai Venizelismos, 1909-1922, Ekdosi Pataki, Athina.
  • Pryce, R. (1954). Italy and the outbreak of the First World War. The Cambridge Historical Journal, 11(2), 219-227.
  • Richter, H. (2007). Istoria tis Kiprou, Tomos Protos (1878-1949). Met. Kostas Sarropoulos, Vivliopolion Estias. Sazanov, S. (1914). Fateful years, 1909-1916. Butler Tanner.
  • Smith, C. R. (1965). Great Britain and the 1914-1915 Straits Agreement with Russia: The British Promise of November 1914. The American Historical Review, 70(4), 1015-1034.
  • Stavridis, S. T. (1996). Greek-Cypriot Enosis of October 1915: A lost opportunity? Balkan Studies, 37(2), 289-307.
  • Theodoulou, C. A. (2011). I Ellada kai I Antant. Ethniko Idrima Erevnon kai Meleton “Eleutherios K. Venizelos”.
  • Tsiros, N. (2013). Kratos, Eksousia, Koinovouleftiko Sistima se Krisi kai tin Periodo 1914-1920. Ekdoseis Papaziri.
  • Tsiros, N. (2013). Kratos, Exousia, Koinovouleftiko Systima se Krisi, Kata tin Periodo 1914-1920. Ekdoseis Papazisi.
  • Varnava, A. (2005). Punch and the British occupation of Cyprus. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 29(2), 167-186.
  • Ventiris, G. (1931). I Ellas tou 1910-1920. Tomos I, Pirso.
  • Vinogradov, V. N. (1992). Romania in the First World War: The Years of Neutrality, 1914-1916. The International History Review, 14(3), 453-454.
  • Voutetakis, D. S. (1921). I politeia tou Vasileos Konstantinou. En Athinais, Kallergis.
  • Woodhouse, C. M. (1985). The offer of Cyprus: October 1915, in: Greece and Great Britain during World War I. First Symposium 15-17 December 1983, Institute for Balkan Studies, 76-89.
  • Yellice, G. (2016). Birinci Dünya Savaşı ve Yunanistan: Çanakkale’den millî bölünmeye. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(32), 205-242.
  • Yellice, G. (2018). Megali İdea mı Mare Nostrum mu? Mondros Mütarekesi’nden İzmir’in İşgaline İtalyan-Yunan Rekabeti ve Propaganda Savaşı, 1918-1919. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, (36), 177-228.

The Cyprus Crisis in Anglo-Greek Relations: Britain’s Proposals and The Political Reaction of Greece, February-October 1915

Year 2023, , 647 - 672, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1285291

Abstract

The study deals with the Cyprus crisis in Anglo-Greek relations and aims to analyze Britain's offer of the island to Greece during the war in exchange for Britain's participation in the war on its own front, its motivation for this offer and Greece's reaction to the offer. During the war, Britain twice attempted to dispose of Cyprus in exchange for an important interest. The first was during the Dardanelles operation of the Allied fleet and the second was when Bulgaria entered the war on the Allied front. In the run-up to and during the war, Britain had attempted to form an alliance consisting of Serbia, Greece, Romania, Romania and Bulgaria, but without success. Upon the failure of these alliance hopes, Greece, which had remained neutral in the war, turned into an important political actor for Britain, which should immediately enter the war. However, both attempts were rejected due to the division between Prime Minister Venizelos and the pro-German King Constantine. These critical decisions had a direct impact on Cyprus, Anglo-Greek relations, and the Ottoman Empire’s position in the war. The study is based on archival sources in Turkish, English and Greek, as well as international literature on the subject.

References

  • Abbott, G. F. (1922). Greece and The Allies, 1914-1922, Methuen & Co.
  • Alastos, D. (1942). Venizelos: Patriot-Statesman-Revolutionary. Percy Lund Humphries London.
  • Clogg, R. (1987). Parties and elections in Greece: The search for legitimacy, C. Hurst & Company.
  • Clogg, R. (2021). A concise history of Greece. Cambridge University Press.
  • Driault, E. (1926). Histoire diplomatique de la Grece de 1821 a nos jours, Vol. 5, La Grece et la grande guerre. Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Enepekides, P. K. (1992). Kyprianou Ι Doxa kai O Dixasmos 1908-1918: Apo ta Mistika Arxeia Viennis Verolino kai Vernis. B’ Ekdosi, Ekdotikos İkos S.I Zaharopoulos A.E.
  • Gianoulopoulos, G. N. (2003) I Evgenis mas Tiflosis. Vivliorama.
  • Gilbert, M. (1973). Winston Churchill, Volume III, Part I, Documents 1914-April 1915. Heinemann.
  • Grey, E. (1923). Twenty years 1892-1916. Volumet II, Frederik A. Stock Company.
  • Hall, R. C. (2011). Bulgaria in the First World War. The Historian, 73(2), 300-315.
  • Hering, G. (2012). Ta Politika Kommata Stin Ellada, 1881-1936. Morfotiko Idrima Ethnikis Trapezis.
  • Hill, G. (1952). A history of Cyprus. Volume IV, Cambridge University Press.
  • Hristodoulou, M. (1995). I Poeia ton Ellinotorkikon Sheseon kai I Kipros, Tomo A’ Oikos Proodos.
  • Leon, G. B. (1974). Greece and the great powers 1914-1917. Institute for Balkan Studies.
  • Loulos, K. (1991). I Germaniki Politik istin Ellada 1896-1914. Mortotiko Instituto ATE.
  • Mackenzie, C (1960). Greece in my life. Chatto & Windus.
  • Mackenzie, C. (1931). First Athenian memories. Cassell & Company Ltd.
  • Magnus, P. M. (1959). Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist. Dutton.
  • Mariusz, M. (2014). The offer of Cyprus to Greece in 1915: A British diplomatic failure. Studia Historyczne, 57(4), 473-491.
  • Mariusz, M. (2019). The 1912 British offer of Cyprus to Greece and the reaction of the Greek and Muslim Cypriots: A British perspective. Almanach Historyczny, (19), 97-107.
  • Markovich, S. (2018). Eleftherios Venizelos, British public opinion and the Climax of Anglo-Hellenism (1915-1920). Balcanica, (49), 125-155.
  • Metaksas, I. (1960). To Prosopiko tou Imerologio. Ikaros.
  • Mitrakos, A. S. (1974). French policy towards Greece, September 1915-March 1917, (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi), New York: New York Üniversitesi.
  • Nikolopoulous N. (2007). I., Dimitrios Gounaris, Politiki Viografia. I. Sideris, Athina.
  • Papapouliviou, P. (1993). “I Simmetohi tis Kiprou Stous Valkanikis Polemous”, sto biblio I Ellada kai ton Valkanikon Polemon, 1910-1914, ELIA, Athina.
  • Ploumidis, G. S. (2020). Metaksi Epanastasis kai Metarritmisis: Eleftherios K. Venizelos kai Venizelismos, 1909-1922, Ekdosi Pataki, Athina.
  • Pryce, R. (1954). Italy and the outbreak of the First World War. The Cambridge Historical Journal, 11(2), 219-227.
  • Richter, H. (2007). Istoria tis Kiprou, Tomos Protos (1878-1949). Met. Kostas Sarropoulos, Vivliopolion Estias. Sazanov, S. (1914). Fateful years, 1909-1916. Butler Tanner.
  • Smith, C. R. (1965). Great Britain and the 1914-1915 Straits Agreement with Russia: The British Promise of November 1914. The American Historical Review, 70(4), 1015-1034.
  • Stavridis, S. T. (1996). Greek-Cypriot Enosis of October 1915: A lost opportunity? Balkan Studies, 37(2), 289-307.
  • Theodoulou, C. A. (2011). I Ellada kai I Antant. Ethniko Idrima Erevnon kai Meleton “Eleutherios K. Venizelos”.
  • Tsiros, N. (2013). Kratos, Eksousia, Koinovouleftiko Sistima se Krisi kai tin Periodo 1914-1920. Ekdoseis Papaziri.
  • Tsiros, N. (2013). Kratos, Exousia, Koinovouleftiko Systima se Krisi, Kata tin Periodo 1914-1920. Ekdoseis Papazisi.
  • Varnava, A. (2005). Punch and the British occupation of Cyprus. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 29(2), 167-186.
  • Ventiris, G. (1931). I Ellas tou 1910-1920. Tomos I, Pirso.
  • Vinogradov, V. N. (1992). Romania in the First World War: The Years of Neutrality, 1914-1916. The International History Review, 14(3), 453-454.
  • Voutetakis, D. S. (1921). I politeia tou Vasileos Konstantinou. En Athinais, Kallergis.
  • Woodhouse, C. M. (1985). The offer of Cyprus: October 1915, in: Greece and Great Britain during World War I. First Symposium 15-17 December 1983, Institute for Balkan Studies, 76-89.
  • Yellice, G. (2016). Birinci Dünya Savaşı ve Yunanistan: Çanakkale’den millî bölünmeye. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(32), 205-242.
  • Yellice, G. (2018). Megali İdea mı Mare Nostrum mu? Mondros Mütarekesi’nden İzmir’in İşgaline İtalyan-Yunan Rekabeti ve Propaganda Savaşı, 1918-1919. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, (36), 177-228.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International History
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gürhan Yellice 0000-0002-1402-8210

Publication Date July 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Yellice, G. (2023). İNGİLİZ-YUNAN İLİŞKİLERİNDE KIBRIS KRİZİ: İNGİLTERE’NİN TEKLİFLERİ VE YUNANİSTAN’IN TEPKİSİ, ŞUBAT-EKİM 1915. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(45), 647-672. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1285291