Research Article
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Local Production of Attic-Type Pottery in Ionia

Year 2026, Volume: 27 Issue: 50, 225 - 237, 31.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1742676
https://izlik.org/JA59WE45JD

Abstract

In Ionia, as in Western Anatolia more broadly, the majority of the relatively limited number of imported Greek ceramics dating from the late 8th century BCE to the mid-6th century BCE originate mainly from Corinth. From the mid-6th century BC onward, with the introduction of Attic ceramic imports to western Anatolia and their increasing use in daily life, it is understood that the workshops that had been active since the beginning of the Archaic period and producing in the East Greek style gradually adopted this new repertoire. Alongside high-quality close imitations (Atticizing wares) that are almost indistinguishable from the originals, simpler examples that merely emulate the Attic vessel repertoire-without aiming for exact copies-became the dominant group among fine ceramics in Ionia by the 4th century BC. Imitation of Attic pottery also formed a kind of koine; For instance, Attic imitations produced in Samos have also been found in Ephesos and Miletos. This study will evaluate the available data on the general characteristics of Attic-type imitation ceramics produced in local workshops and how they came to dominate the Ionian market.

Ethical Statement

The article has been prepared in accordance with research and publication ethics. This study does not require ethics committee approval.

References

  • Anderson, K. (1958-1959). Old Smyrna: The Corinthian pottery. The Annual of the British School at Athens, (53-54), 138-151.
  • Berlin, A. M. (2020, Ocak 23). Ware/Ware Family: Western Asia Minor Black Slip wares (WAM). https://www.levantineceramics.org/wares/786-western-asia-minor-black-slip-wares-wam
  • Berlin, A. M. & Lynch, K. (2002). Going Greek: Atticizing pottery in the Achaemenid world. Studia Troica, (12), 167-178.
  • Cook, J. M. (1961). The problem of Classical Ionia. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society, (7), 9-18.
  • Cook, J. M. ( 1965). Old Smyrna Ionic black figure and other 6th century wares. The Annual of the British School at Athens, (60), 114-142.
  • Çevirici Coşkun, F. (2024). 2017-2019 Lebedos yüzey araştırmalarında ele geçen siyah firnisli Attika seramikleri. Seleucia, (14), 31-63.
  • Coşkun, G. (2004). Daskyleion’da bulunan M.Ö. 5. yüzyıl siyah firnisli Attika seramikleri. Olba (10), 89-134.
  • Coşkun, G. (2006). Daskyleion’da M.Ö. 4. yüzyıl siyah firnisli Attika seramikleri. Olba, (13), 83-114.
  • Crowfoot, J. W & Kenyon, K. M. (1957). Pottery: Hellenistic and later. J. W. Crowfoot, G. M. Crowfoot, K. M. Kenyon (Ed.), The Objects From Samaria içinde (217-360. ss.), Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Ersoy, Y. E. (2000). East Greek pottery groups of the 7th and 6th centuries BC from Klazomenai. F. Krinzinger (Ed.), Die Ägäis und das westliche Mittelmeer: Beziehungen und Wechselwirkungen 8. bis 5. Jh. v. Chr. Akten des Symposions içinde (299-406. ss.), Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • Ersoy, Y. E. (2003). Pottery production and mechanism of workshops in archaic clazomenae. B. Schmaltz, M. Söldner (Ed.), Griechische Keramik in Kullturellen Kontext içinde (254-257. ss.), Scriptorium.
  • Eschbach, N. (2014). Athenian vases for whom? A new workshop of the late 4th century in the Athenian Kerameikos. Metis: Anthropologie Des Mondes Grecs Anciens, (12), 99-118.
  • Filges, A. (1992). Korinthische und Attische Keramik in Archaischen und Klassischen Zeit. Ü. Serdaroğlu, R. Stupperich (Ed.), Asia Minor Studien 5: Ausgrabungen in Assos içinde (109-144. ss.), Dr. Rudolf Habelt.
  • Hasdağlı, İ. (2017). Bir deneme parçası ışığında Doğu Thrakia’da Attika taklidi siyah firnisli seramik üretimi. Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, (7), 42-66.
  • Heinze, L. (2009). Attic ımports and their ınfluence on the production of local fine-ware in Late Classical and Early Hellenistic Priene. M. Kazakou, E. Kotsou (Ed.), 8th Scientific Meeting on Hellenistic Pottery içinde (315-318. ss.), Tameio Archaiologikon Poron kai Apallotrioseon.
  • Hürmüzlü, B. (2008). Remarks on local imitations of import pottery. İ. Delemen, S. Çokay Kepçe, A. Özdizbay, Ö. Turak (Ed.), Euergetes: Haluk Abbasoğlu’na Armağan Kitabı içinde (557-569. ss.), Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü.
  • Jones, F. F. (1950). The pottery, The Hellenistic and Roman Periods. H. Goldman (Ed.), Tarsus I: Excavations at Gözlükule içinde (149-296. ss.), Princeton University Press.
  • Kerschner, M. (2007). Das Keramikbild von Ephesos im 7. und 6. Jh. v. Chr. J. Cobet, V. von Graeve, W. D. Niemeier, K. Zimmermann (Ed.), Milesische Forschungen 5: Frühes Ionien. Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Panionion-Symposion Güzelçamlı içinde (221-242. ss.), Philipp von Zabern.
  • Kerschner, M. (2008). Die Lyder und das Artemision von Ephesos. U. Muss (Ed.), Die Archäologie der ephesischen Artemis. Gestalt und Ritual eines Heiligtums içinde (223-233. ss.), Phoibos Verlag.
  • Kunisch, N. (2016). Funde aus Milet 3: Die Attische Importkeramik. De Gruyter.
  • Lawall, M. (2006), Amphoras and economic history. P. Scherrer, E. Trinkl (Ed.), Forschungen in Ephesos, 13 (2): Die Tetragonos Agora in Ephesos: Grabungsergebnisse von archaischer bis in byzantinische Zeit - ein Überblick; Befunde und Funde klassischer Zeit içinde (253-260. ss.), Verlag der Österreichischen. Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • Lynch, K. M. (2011). The symposium in context: Pottery from a Late Archaic House near the Athenian Agora. American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
  • Mitsopoulos-Leon, V. (1972-1975). Ein Grabfund des vierten vorchristlichen Jahrhunderts aus Ephesos. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts in Wien, (50), 252-265.
  • Özer, B. (2004). Clazomenian and related black-figured pottery from Klazomenai: Preliminary observations. A. Moustaka, E. Skarlatidou, M.-C. Tzannes, Y. Ersoy (Ed.), Klazomenai, Teos and Abdera: Metropoleis and Colony. Proceedings of the International Symposium held at the Archaeological Museum of Abdera, 20-21 Oct. 2001 içinde (199-219. ss.), University Studio Press.
  • Pfrommer, M. (1985). Milet 1983-1984: Klassiche und Hellenistische Keramik aus dem Heroon III. Istanbuler Mitteilungen, (35), 39-58.
  • Rotroff, S. I. (2002).Westslope in the East. F. Blondé, P. Ballet, J.F. Salles (Eds.), Céramiques hellénistiques et romaines: productions et diffusion en Méditerranée orientale (Chypre, Egypte et côte syro-palestinienne) içinde (97-115. ss.), Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen.
  • Rotroff, S. I. & Oliver, A. (2003). Sardis Monographs 12: The Hellenistic Pottery from Sardis. The Finds Through 1994. Harvard University Press.
  • Rotroff, S. I. & Oakley, H. (1992). Debris of a public dining place in the Athenian Agora. American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
  • Schaeffer, J. S., Ramage, N. H., Greenewalt, C. H. (1997). Sardis Monographs 10: The Corinthian, Attic, and Lakonian Pottery from Sardis. Harvard University Press.
  • Slawisch, A. (2013). Absatzmarkt Ionien: Zur Rolle attischer Keramik als Indikator für die Unterbrechung oder Verschiebung von Handelsnetzwerken in der Ägäis im 5. Jh. v. Chr. A. Slawisch (Ed.), Handels- und Finanzgebaren in der Ägäis im 5. Jh. v. Chr.-Trade and Finance in the 5th c. BC Aegean World içinde (185-206. ss.), Ege Yayınları.
  • Şahin, R. (2006). Keramik Attischen Typs mit Schwarzem Glanzton aus Priene. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Frankfurt: Johann Wolfgang Goethe Üniversitesi.
  • Technau, W. (1929). Griechische Keramik im Samischen Heraion. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung, (54), 5-64.
  • Trinkl, E. (2006). Schwarzfirniskeramik Klassischer Zeit aus den Agora Grabungen. P. Scherrer & E. Trinkl (Eds.), Forschungen in Ephesos,13 (2): Die Tetragonos Agora in Ephesos: Grabungsergebnisse von archaischer bis in byzantinische Zeit - ein Überblick; Befunde und Funde klassischer Zeit içinde (177-224. ss.), Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • Tuna Nörling, Y. (1995). Die Attisch-Schwarzfigurige Keramik und der Attische Keramikexport nach Kleinasien: Die Ausgrabungen von Alt-Smyrna und Pitane. Ernst Wasmuth Verlag.
  • von Miller, A. Ch. J. (2019). Forschungen in Ephesos, 13/3: Archaische Siedlungsbefunde in Ephesos. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • von Miller, A. Ch. J. (2023). Korinthishe Keramik. H. Bumke (Ed.), Didyma 3 (6): Der Archasiche Heiligtumsbefund vom Taxiarchsis Hügel in Didyma içinde (592-652. ss.), Reichert.
  • Waage, O. (1948). Hellenistic and Roman tableware of Syria. O. Waage (Ed.), Antioch on the Orontes 1: Ceramics and Islamic Coins içinde (1-60. ss.), Princeton University.
  • Walter, H. (1959). Korinthische Keramik. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Athenische Abteilung, (74), 57-68.
  • Winter, F. A. (1984). Late Classical and Hellenistic pottery from Gordion: The imported black glazed wares. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Üniversitesi.

İONİA’DA ATTİKA TİPİ YEREL SERAMİK ÜRETİMİ

Year 2026, Volume: 27 Issue: 50, 225 - 237, 31.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1742676
https://izlik.org/JA59WE45JD

Abstract

İonia’da, Batı Anadolu genelinde olduğu gibi, MÖ 8. yüzyıl sonlarından MÖ 6. yüzyıl ortalarına kadar olan dönemde sınırlı sayıdaki Yunanistan’dan ithal seramiklerin çoğu Korinth’ten ithal seramiklerdir. MÖ 6. yüzyıl ortalarından itibaren Attika seramiklerinin Batı Anadolu’ya ithalinin başlaması ve günlük hayatta yaygınlaşması ile birlikte Batı Anadolu’da Arkaik Dönem başlarından itibaren aktif olan ve Doğu Yunan stilinde üretim yapan atölyelerin bu yeni repertuvarı bir süre sonra benimsediği anlaşılmaktadır. Orijinalden ayırt edilemeyecek kalitede (Atticizing) yakın taklit üretimlerin yanı sıra, aynısı olmayı amaçlamadan Attika kap repertuvarına öykünen daha basit örnekler MÖ 4. yüzyıl ile birlikte İonia’daki ince seramikler arasında baskın grup hâline gelir. Taklit Attika seramiklerinde de bir koineden bahsedilebilir. Örneğin Samos üretimi Attika taklitleri, Ephesos ve Miletos’ta da ele geçmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında yerel atölyelerde üretilen, Attika tipi taklit seramiklerin genel karakteristiği ve İonia pazarında baskın hâle gelme süreçleriyle ilgili mevcut veriler değerlendirilecektir.

Ethical Statement

Makale araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışma etik kurul izni gerektirmemektedir.

References

  • Anderson, K. (1958-1959). Old Smyrna: The Corinthian pottery. The Annual of the British School at Athens, (53-54), 138-151.
  • Berlin, A. M. (2020, Ocak 23). Ware/Ware Family: Western Asia Minor Black Slip wares (WAM). https://www.levantineceramics.org/wares/786-western-asia-minor-black-slip-wares-wam
  • Berlin, A. M. & Lynch, K. (2002). Going Greek: Atticizing pottery in the Achaemenid world. Studia Troica, (12), 167-178.
  • Cook, J. M. (1961). The problem of Classical Ionia. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society, (7), 9-18.
  • Cook, J. M. ( 1965). Old Smyrna Ionic black figure and other 6th century wares. The Annual of the British School at Athens, (60), 114-142.
  • Çevirici Coşkun, F. (2024). 2017-2019 Lebedos yüzey araştırmalarında ele geçen siyah firnisli Attika seramikleri. Seleucia, (14), 31-63.
  • Coşkun, G. (2004). Daskyleion’da bulunan M.Ö. 5. yüzyıl siyah firnisli Attika seramikleri. Olba (10), 89-134.
  • Coşkun, G. (2006). Daskyleion’da M.Ö. 4. yüzyıl siyah firnisli Attika seramikleri. Olba, (13), 83-114.
  • Crowfoot, J. W & Kenyon, K. M. (1957). Pottery: Hellenistic and later. J. W. Crowfoot, G. M. Crowfoot, K. M. Kenyon (Ed.), The Objects From Samaria içinde (217-360. ss.), Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Ersoy, Y. E. (2000). East Greek pottery groups of the 7th and 6th centuries BC from Klazomenai. F. Krinzinger (Ed.), Die Ägäis und das westliche Mittelmeer: Beziehungen und Wechselwirkungen 8. bis 5. Jh. v. Chr. Akten des Symposions içinde (299-406. ss.), Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • Ersoy, Y. E. (2003). Pottery production and mechanism of workshops in archaic clazomenae. B. Schmaltz, M. Söldner (Ed.), Griechische Keramik in Kullturellen Kontext içinde (254-257. ss.), Scriptorium.
  • Eschbach, N. (2014). Athenian vases for whom? A new workshop of the late 4th century in the Athenian Kerameikos. Metis: Anthropologie Des Mondes Grecs Anciens, (12), 99-118.
  • Filges, A. (1992). Korinthische und Attische Keramik in Archaischen und Klassischen Zeit. Ü. Serdaroğlu, R. Stupperich (Ed.), Asia Minor Studien 5: Ausgrabungen in Assos içinde (109-144. ss.), Dr. Rudolf Habelt.
  • Hasdağlı, İ. (2017). Bir deneme parçası ışığında Doğu Thrakia’da Attika taklidi siyah firnisli seramik üretimi. Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, (7), 42-66.
  • Heinze, L. (2009). Attic ımports and their ınfluence on the production of local fine-ware in Late Classical and Early Hellenistic Priene. M. Kazakou, E. Kotsou (Ed.), 8th Scientific Meeting on Hellenistic Pottery içinde (315-318. ss.), Tameio Archaiologikon Poron kai Apallotrioseon.
  • Hürmüzlü, B. (2008). Remarks on local imitations of import pottery. İ. Delemen, S. Çokay Kepçe, A. Özdizbay, Ö. Turak (Ed.), Euergetes: Haluk Abbasoğlu’na Armağan Kitabı içinde (557-569. ss.), Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü.
  • Jones, F. F. (1950). The pottery, The Hellenistic and Roman Periods. H. Goldman (Ed.), Tarsus I: Excavations at Gözlükule içinde (149-296. ss.), Princeton University Press.
  • Kerschner, M. (2007). Das Keramikbild von Ephesos im 7. und 6. Jh. v. Chr. J. Cobet, V. von Graeve, W. D. Niemeier, K. Zimmermann (Ed.), Milesische Forschungen 5: Frühes Ionien. Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Panionion-Symposion Güzelçamlı içinde (221-242. ss.), Philipp von Zabern.
  • Kerschner, M. (2008). Die Lyder und das Artemision von Ephesos. U. Muss (Ed.), Die Archäologie der ephesischen Artemis. Gestalt und Ritual eines Heiligtums içinde (223-233. ss.), Phoibos Verlag.
  • Kunisch, N. (2016). Funde aus Milet 3: Die Attische Importkeramik. De Gruyter.
  • Lawall, M. (2006), Amphoras and economic history. P. Scherrer, E. Trinkl (Ed.), Forschungen in Ephesos, 13 (2): Die Tetragonos Agora in Ephesos: Grabungsergebnisse von archaischer bis in byzantinische Zeit - ein Überblick; Befunde und Funde klassischer Zeit içinde (253-260. ss.), Verlag der Österreichischen. Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • Lynch, K. M. (2011). The symposium in context: Pottery from a Late Archaic House near the Athenian Agora. American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
  • Mitsopoulos-Leon, V. (1972-1975). Ein Grabfund des vierten vorchristlichen Jahrhunderts aus Ephesos. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts in Wien, (50), 252-265.
  • Özer, B. (2004). Clazomenian and related black-figured pottery from Klazomenai: Preliminary observations. A. Moustaka, E. Skarlatidou, M.-C. Tzannes, Y. Ersoy (Ed.), Klazomenai, Teos and Abdera: Metropoleis and Colony. Proceedings of the International Symposium held at the Archaeological Museum of Abdera, 20-21 Oct. 2001 içinde (199-219. ss.), University Studio Press.
  • Pfrommer, M. (1985). Milet 1983-1984: Klassiche und Hellenistische Keramik aus dem Heroon III. Istanbuler Mitteilungen, (35), 39-58.
  • Rotroff, S. I. (2002).Westslope in the East. F. Blondé, P. Ballet, J.F. Salles (Eds.), Céramiques hellénistiques et romaines: productions et diffusion en Méditerranée orientale (Chypre, Egypte et côte syro-palestinienne) içinde (97-115. ss.), Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen.
  • Rotroff, S. I. & Oliver, A. (2003). Sardis Monographs 12: The Hellenistic Pottery from Sardis. The Finds Through 1994. Harvard University Press.
  • Rotroff, S. I. & Oakley, H. (1992). Debris of a public dining place in the Athenian Agora. American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
  • Schaeffer, J. S., Ramage, N. H., Greenewalt, C. H. (1997). Sardis Monographs 10: The Corinthian, Attic, and Lakonian Pottery from Sardis. Harvard University Press.
  • Slawisch, A. (2013). Absatzmarkt Ionien: Zur Rolle attischer Keramik als Indikator für die Unterbrechung oder Verschiebung von Handelsnetzwerken in der Ägäis im 5. Jh. v. Chr. A. Slawisch (Ed.), Handels- und Finanzgebaren in der Ägäis im 5. Jh. v. Chr.-Trade and Finance in the 5th c. BC Aegean World içinde (185-206. ss.), Ege Yayınları.
  • Şahin, R. (2006). Keramik Attischen Typs mit Schwarzem Glanzton aus Priene. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Frankfurt: Johann Wolfgang Goethe Üniversitesi.
  • Technau, W. (1929). Griechische Keramik im Samischen Heraion. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung, (54), 5-64.
  • Trinkl, E. (2006). Schwarzfirniskeramik Klassischer Zeit aus den Agora Grabungen. P. Scherrer & E. Trinkl (Eds.), Forschungen in Ephesos,13 (2): Die Tetragonos Agora in Ephesos: Grabungsergebnisse von archaischer bis in byzantinische Zeit - ein Überblick; Befunde und Funde klassischer Zeit içinde (177-224. ss.), Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • Tuna Nörling, Y. (1995). Die Attisch-Schwarzfigurige Keramik und der Attische Keramikexport nach Kleinasien: Die Ausgrabungen von Alt-Smyrna und Pitane. Ernst Wasmuth Verlag.
  • von Miller, A. Ch. J. (2019). Forschungen in Ephesos, 13/3: Archaische Siedlungsbefunde in Ephesos. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • von Miller, A. Ch. J. (2023). Korinthishe Keramik. H. Bumke (Ed.), Didyma 3 (6): Der Archasiche Heiligtumsbefund vom Taxiarchsis Hügel in Didyma içinde (592-652. ss.), Reichert.
  • Waage, O. (1948). Hellenistic and Roman tableware of Syria. O. Waage (Ed.), Antioch on the Orontes 1: Ceramics and Islamic Coins içinde (1-60. ss.), Princeton University.
  • Walter, H. (1959). Korinthische Keramik. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Athenische Abteilung, (74), 57-68.
  • Winter, F. A. (1984). Late Classical and Hellenistic pottery from Gordion: The imported black glazed wares. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Üniversitesi.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Ceramics in Archeology, Hellenistic Period Archeology, Classical Period Archeology, Greek and Roman Period Archeology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Reyhan Şahin 0000-0002-6339-7311

Submission Date July 15, 2025
Acceptance Date September 14, 2025
Publication Date January 31, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1742676
IZ https://izlik.org/JA59WE45JD
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 27 Issue: 50

Cite

APA Şahin, R. (2026). İONİA’DA ATTİKA TİPİ YEREL SERAMİK ÜRETİMİ. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 27(50), 225-237. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1742676