Fishery Activities in the Byzantine Period and Fish Species in Mosaics

Abstract

In many civilizations, food provided by water sources is one of nutritional sources for human. Different fish species and water products such as lobster, crab, octopus and snail were caught with nets, harpoons and baskets covered by leaves and branches in the Byzantine Era. Activities of fishermen in the guild system, organization of the fish markets, competition and the impact of the individual enterprise are available. Both fish and some sea animals were used not just in the Byzantine cuisine but also in mining, pottery and textiles as well as in mosaics as a religious symbol. Considering the fisheries activities during the Byzantine period, the current study revealed that feeding fish in garden pools in Byzantium reflected to the aquarium fishery in today's context. Furthermore the effort on keeping the fish together improved feeding techniques, and supported the fundamental principles of aquaculture.

Keywords

• Byzantium,guild system,fisheries,fish,tunny fish

BİZANS DÖNEMİNDE BALIKÇILIK AKTİVİTELERİ VE MOZAİKLERDE GÖRÜLEN BALIK TÜRLERİ

Abstract

Birçok uygarlıkta, insan yaşamının önemli besin kaynaklarının bir bölümü deniz, göl ve akarsulardan sağlanmıştır. Bizans döneminde de, farklı türdeki balıklar ve ıstakoz, yengeç, ahtapot, salyangoz gibi diğer su ürünlerinin ağ, zıpkın, yaprak ve dallardan örülen sepetlerle yakalanmaktadır. Tutulan balıkların toptan ve perakende satışlarının ayrıntıları çok bilinmemekle birlikte, balık türlerinin fiyatları arasında fark bulunduğu kayıtlıdır. Ayrıca, balıkçıların faaliyetleri, marketlerin işleyiş biçimi, rekabet ortamının durumu, organizasyonların düzenlenişi, bireysel girişimlerin kurumlara etkisi gibi konular hakkındaki bilgilere ulaşılabilmektedir. Balık ve bazı deniz canlılarının Bizans sofrası dışında maden, seramik ve tekstil atölyelerinde farklı biçimlerde kullanıldığı, bazen dini sembol, bazen balıkçılık faaliyetleri içinde mozaik betimlerde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bizans döneminde balıkçılık faaliyetleri ile balığın farklı alanlardaki kullanımları konusunda bir değerlendiren bu çalışma ile Bizans dönemindeki bahçe havuzlarında beslenen balık türlerinin günümüzde akvaryum balıkçılığına yansıdığı saptanmaktadır. Ayrıca, avlanan balık türleri dışında balıkların bir arada tutularak yemleme tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi, günümüzdeki balık yetiştiriciliği temel prensipleri ile örtüştüğü tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Bizans,lonca sistemi,balıkçılık,balık,palamut

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