Research Article

EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL

Volume: 21 Number: 39 July 31, 2020
EN TR

EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL

Abstract

The border issue stands at the heart of American writer George Saunders’s novella “Brief and Frightening Reign of Phil” (2005). In his political satire, Saunders shows the symbolic meanings of border and highlights its significance between ethnicities, nations, and states through creating a fantasy world populated by not-quite-human inhabitants who possess anthropomorphic characteristics. In his fable, Saunders deliberately draws an analogy between the functioning of a modern human world and that of the non-human creatures by focusing on the role of border, territory, self and group identity, and state. Saunders’s novella primarily shows how the border issue is potential to be exploited by a populist racist political leader whose personal complexes and desire for power mostly control his actions and decisions. As we argue in this paper, by using the issue of border area, Phil quickly tumbles his nation into an ultra-nationalistic, authoritarian regime which mainly functions by its self-proclaimed leader’s exploitation of the militia, the economy, the bureaucrats, and the media.

Keywords

References

  1. Alvarez Jr, Robert R. (2017). “Reconceptualizing the Space of the Mexico–US Borderline.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 538-556.
  2. Anderson, James (2012). “Borders in the New Imperialism.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 139-157.
  3. Ellerhoff, Steve Gronert and Philip Coleman (2017). “Preface.” George Saunders: Critical Essays. Ed: Philip Coleman and Steve Gronert Ellerhoff. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, p. v-x.
  4. George Saunders, “Why I Wrote Phil.” Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/feature/-/578958/002-0196204-3301652
  5. Grimson, Alejandro (2012). “Borders in the New Imperialism.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 139-157.
  6. Hayes-Brady, Clare (2017). “Horning In: Language, Subordination and Freedom in the Short Fiction of George Saunders.” George Saunders: Critical Essays. Ed: Philip Coleman and Steve Gronert Ellerhoff. Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 23-40.
  7. Houtum, Henk van (2012). “Remapping Borders.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 405-418.
  8. Saunders, George (2005). The Brief and Frightening Reign of Phil. New York: Riverhead Books.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Creative Arts and Writing

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 31, 2020

Submission Date

March 15, 2020

Acceptance Date

May 27, 2020

Published in Issue

Year 2020 Volume: 21 Number: 39

APA
Nayebpour, K., & Varghaiyan, N. (2020). EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(39), 845-876. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.704138
AMA
1.Nayebpour K, Varghaiyan N. EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2020;21(39):845-876. doi:10.21550/sosbilder.704138
Chicago
Nayebpour, Karam, and Naghmeh Varghaiyan. 2020. “EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21 (39): 845-76. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.704138.
EndNote
Nayebpour K, Varghaiyan N (July 1, 2020) EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21 39 845–876.
IEEE
[1]K. Nayebpour and N. Varghaiyan, “EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL”, Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 21, no. 39, pp. 845–876, July 2020, doi: 10.21550/sosbilder.704138.
ISNAD
Nayebpour, Karam - Varghaiyan, Naghmeh. “EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21/39 (July 1, 2020): 845-876. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.704138.
JAMA
1.Nayebpour K, Varghaiyan N. EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2020;21:845–876.
MLA
Nayebpour, Karam, and Naghmeh Varghaiyan. “EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 21, no. 39, July 2020, pp. 845-76, doi:10.21550/sosbilder.704138.
Vancouver
1.Karam Nayebpour, Naghmeh Varghaiyan. EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2020 Jul. 1;21(39):845-76. doi:10.21550/sosbilder.704138

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