ASYLUM SEEKERS and REFUGEES in BULGARIA: BETWEEN OPENED and CLOSED DOORS

Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 33, 359 - 378, 31.07.2017

Yelis Erolova

https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.292481

Abstract

Since 2011, the increasing immigrant inflow from the Middle East to the European Union has led to the implementation of the Bulgarian policy towards asylum and
refugees in a specific way. Bulgaria is a border state of the European
Union where the people from the conflict regions can find security and
their rights to be protected. The article draws attention to the capacity of the
state institutions and readiness of society to host asylum seekers/refugees and develops questions on
possibilities of their reception and integration examined by different interdisciplinary techniques of
ethnographic research. The results of the survey show that asylum
seekers/refugees find themselves in a contradictory situation between the Bulgaria’s asylum policy under a number
of international instruments and national legislation, and the government
decisions, the anti-refugee propaganda and the negative public attitudes. This
controversial situation strengthens the country’s transit position in the migration
corridor to other European countries.

Keywords

refugees, migrants, asylum, stereotypes

Bulgaristan’da Sığınmacılar ve Mülteciler: Açılıp Kapanan Kapılar Arasında

Abstract

2011 yılından itibaren Ortadoğu’dan
Avrupa Birliği ülkelerine doğru artmakta olan göçmen akışı, sığınma arayanlara
ve mültecilere yönelik Bulgar politikasında spesifik bir uygulama biçimine yol
açtı. Bulgaristan, sorunlu bölgelerden gelen insanların güvenlik ve haklarını
koruma imkânı bulabileceği, Avrupa Birliği’nin sınır ülkesidir. Makale,
etnografik araştırmanın çeşitli disiplinlerarası yöntemlerini kullanarak,
devlet kuruluşlarının sığınmacıları/mültecileri barındırma konusundaki
yeterliliği ve toplumun bu kişileri kabul etmedeki hazırlık düzeyi üzerinde
durmakta, mültecilerin kabulü ve entegrasyonuna dair mevcut olanakları
sorgulamaktadır. Yapılan araştırmada ortaya çıkan sonuçlara göre,
sığınmacı/mülteci grupları, Bulgaristan'ın bir dizi uluslararası sözleşme
uyarınca yürüttüğü barındırma
politikalarıyla bu konudaki kendi ulusal yasaları arasında meydana gelen
çelişkiler, hükümet kararları, kamuoyundaki mülteci karşıtı propaganda ile
toplum içindeki negatif tepkiler gibi pek çok olumsuz etkenle karşı karşıya
kalmaktadırlar. Bu çelişkili
durum, Bulgaristan'ın diğer Avrupa ülkelerine uzanan göç koridorundaki transit
konumunu sağlamlaştırmaktadır.

Keywords

mülteciler, göç, sığınma, stereotipler (kalıp yargılar)

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