Research Article
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Differentiation of Sense of Smell and Assessment of Diversity in Evolutionary Perspectives

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 35, 743 - 756, 31.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.384909

Abstract

Ability to reach
efficient information with low energy means information could be obtained
without consciousness. Organisms which have consciousness do not always over
come the problems while organisms do not have consciousness can over come the
problems. Hence consciousness is not always a superior tool for both
productivity and problem solving skills. If use of the brain is reduced as much
as possible information can be more efficient to survive.  Especially by selecting critical information
that will help survive, is record more strongly in memory and the organism can
respond quickly to the vital informations. The olfactory system offers a more
economical opportunity to gather information about the environment compared to
other senses. In this context, the neural pathways and mechanisms of olfactory
process are quite different from the other sensory systems. Researches reveals
behavioral findings of the link between smell, emotion, and memory are match up
with nöroimaging findings. This study covers how the anatomical structure of
sense of smell differs from other senses and affects on human behavior and
explaining functions of odor sense accordingly the evolutionary perspective.

References

  • Anderson, Adem vd. (2003). “Dissociated Neural Representations of Intensity and Valence in Human Olfaction”. Nature Neuroscience, S. 6, s. 196-201.
  • Avant, L. L., ve Harry Nelson (1990). Algı Kuramları. Çev: Yurdal Topsever, İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Bluck, Susan vd. (2005). “A Tale of Three Functions: The Self–reported Uses of Autobiographical Memory”. Social Cognition, S. 23, s. 91-117.
  • Boring, Edwin Garrigues (1946). “The Perception of Objects”. American Journal of Physics, S. 14, s. 99-107.
  • Cahill, Larry vd. (1995). “The Amygdala and Emotional Memory”. Nature, S. 377, s. 295.
  • Carmichael’s, Thomas vd. (1994). “Central Olfactory Connections in the Macaque Monkey”. Journal of Comparative Neurology, S. 346, s. 403-434.
  • Chu, Simon ve John Joseph Downes (2000). “Odour-evoked Autobiographical Memories: Psychological Investigations of Proustian phenomena”. Chemical Senses, S. 25, s. 111-116.
  • Craik, Kenneth (1947). “Theory Of The Human Operator In Control Systems”. British Journal of Psychology, S. 38, s. 56-61.
  • Eichenbaum, Howard (2001). “The Hippocampus And Declarative Memory: Cognitive Mechanisms And Neural Codes”. Behavioral Brain Research, S. 127, s. 199-207.
  • Eisthen, Heather (1997). “Evolution of Vertebrate Olfactory Systems”. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, S. 50, s. 222-233.
  • Gould, James ve Carol Grant Gould (2001). Hayvan Zihni. Tübitak Popüler Bilim Kitapları.
  • Herz, Rachel ve Trygg Engen (1996). “Odor Memory: Review and Analysis”. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, S. 3, s. 300-313.
  • Herz, Rachel vd. (2004). “Neuroimaging Evidence For The Emotional Potency of Odor-evoked Memory”. Neuropsychologia, S. 42, s. 371-378.
  • Herz, Rachel ve Jonathen W. Schooler (2002). “A Naturalistic Study Of Autobiographical Memories Evoked by Olfactory And Visual Cues: Testing The Proustian Hypothesis”. American Journal of Psychology, S. 115, s. 21–32.
  • Johnson, Andrew J. (2011). “Cognitive Facilitation Following Intentional Odor Exposure”. Sensors, S. 11, s. 5469-5488.
  • Keleş, Esra ve Salih Çepni (2006). “Beyin ve Öğrenme”. Türk Fen Eğitimi Dergisi, S. 3, s. 66-82.
  • Keller, Fred S. ve William N. Schoenfeld (2014). Principles of Psychology: A Systematic Text In The Science Of Behaviour. Cambridge: BF Skinner Foundation.
  • Livesey, Petter J. (1986). “Learning and Emotion: Evolutionary processes”. Psychology Press, S. 1, s. 13-15.
  • Malnic, Bettina vd. (2004). “The Human Olfactory Receptor Gene Family”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, S. 101, s. 2584-2589.
  • Moss, Mark vd. (2008). “Modulation Of Cognitive Performance And Mood By Aromas Of Peppermint and Ylang-ylang”. Int. J. Neurosci., S. 118, s. 59-77.
  • Nairne, James vd. (2007). “Adaptive Memory: Survival Processing Enhances Retention”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, S. 33, s. 263.
  • Ozan, Vedat (2016). Kokular Kitabı. İstanbul: Everest Yayınları.
  • Pinker, Steven (1997). “Words and Rules In The Human Brain”. Nature, S. 387, s. 547-548.
  • Poellinger, Alexander vd. (2001). “Activation And Habituation In Olfaction An FMRI Study”. Neuroimage, S. 13, s. 547-560.
  • Posner, Michael ve Stephen Boies (1971). “Components of Attention”. Psychological Review, S. 78, s. 391-408.
  • Posner, Michael vd. (2004). “Attention and Cognitive Control”. Cognitive Psychology: Key Readings, Hove (England): Psychology Press. Roberts, Craig vd. (2009). “Manipulation of Body Odour Alters Men‟s Self-confidence And Judgements of Their Visual Attractiveness by Women”. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., S. 31, s. 47-54.
  • Sherry, David ve Daniel L. Schacter (1987). “The Evolution of Multiple Memory Systems”. Psychological Review, S. 94, s. 439-454.
  • Smith, Edward ve Stephen Kosslyn (2017). Bilişsel Psikoloji. Çev: Muzaffer Şahin vd, İstanbul: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Solso, Robert vd. (2007). Bilişsel Psikoloji. Çev: Ayşe Ayçiçeği, İstanbul: Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Soylu, Hüseyin (2004). Fen Öğretiminde Yeni Yaklaşımlar: Keşif Yoluyla Öğrenme. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Teller, Christoph ve Charles Dennis (2012). “The Effect of Ambient Scent on Consumers' Perception, Emotions and Behaviour: A critical review”. Journal of Marketing Management, S. 28, s. 14-36.
  • Villemure, Chantal vd. (2003). “Effects of Odours on Pain Perception: Deciphering the Roles of Emotion and Attention”. Pain, S. 106, s. 101-108.
  • Zellner, Debra ve Mary A. Kautz (1990). “Color Affects Perceived Odor Intensity”. Journal of Experimental Psychology, S. 12, s. 391-397.

KOKU DUYUSUNUN DİĞER DUYULARDAN FARKI VE FARKLILIĞIN EVRİMSEL PERSPEKTİFLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 35, 743 - 756, 31.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.384909

Abstract

Düşük enerjiyle
verimli bilgi edinme işlemi bilginin bilinç gerektirmeyen kanallardan elde
edilmesine işaret etmektedir. Bilinç bilgi işlemede hem verimlilik elde etme
hem de problem çözme becerisi için her zaman üstün bir araç değildir. Verimli
bilgi edinme işlemi bilginin bilinç gerektirmeden hızla anlam bulmasını
kolaylaştırmaktadır. Özellikle hayatta kalmaya yardımcı olacak kritik bilgileri
seçerek belleğe daha güçlü şekilde kaydetmekte ve organizma hayati önem taşıyan
bilgiye hızla cevap verebilmektedir. Diğer duyularla karşılaştırıldığında koku
sistemi üst bilişle doğrudan bağlantıları sayesinde çevre hakkında bilgi
toplamak için daha ekonomik bir olanak sunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda koku alma
sürecine aracılık eden nöral yollar ve mekanizmalar diğer duyu sistemlerinin
anatomik organizasyonundan oldukça farklılık göstermektedir. Yapılan
araştırmalar koku, duygu ve hafıza arasındaki bağlantıyı ortaya koyan
davranışsal bulgular ile koku duyusunu diğer duyulardan ayrıştıran sinirsel
bağlantılarını gösteren nöro-görüntülerin örtüştüğünü göstermektedir. Bu
çalışma koku duyusunun özelleşmiş anatomik yapısı ile insan davranışları
üzerindeki etkisini ve işlevini evrimsel perspektifle değerlendirmek amacıyla
hazırlanmıştır.

References

  • Anderson, Adem vd. (2003). “Dissociated Neural Representations of Intensity and Valence in Human Olfaction”. Nature Neuroscience, S. 6, s. 196-201.
  • Avant, L. L., ve Harry Nelson (1990). Algı Kuramları. Çev: Yurdal Topsever, İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Bluck, Susan vd. (2005). “A Tale of Three Functions: The Self–reported Uses of Autobiographical Memory”. Social Cognition, S. 23, s. 91-117.
  • Boring, Edwin Garrigues (1946). “The Perception of Objects”. American Journal of Physics, S. 14, s. 99-107.
  • Cahill, Larry vd. (1995). “The Amygdala and Emotional Memory”. Nature, S. 377, s. 295.
  • Carmichael’s, Thomas vd. (1994). “Central Olfactory Connections in the Macaque Monkey”. Journal of Comparative Neurology, S. 346, s. 403-434.
  • Chu, Simon ve John Joseph Downes (2000). “Odour-evoked Autobiographical Memories: Psychological Investigations of Proustian phenomena”. Chemical Senses, S. 25, s. 111-116.
  • Craik, Kenneth (1947). “Theory Of The Human Operator In Control Systems”. British Journal of Psychology, S. 38, s. 56-61.
  • Eichenbaum, Howard (2001). “The Hippocampus And Declarative Memory: Cognitive Mechanisms And Neural Codes”. Behavioral Brain Research, S. 127, s. 199-207.
  • Eisthen, Heather (1997). “Evolution of Vertebrate Olfactory Systems”. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, S. 50, s. 222-233.
  • Gould, James ve Carol Grant Gould (2001). Hayvan Zihni. Tübitak Popüler Bilim Kitapları.
  • Herz, Rachel ve Trygg Engen (1996). “Odor Memory: Review and Analysis”. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, S. 3, s. 300-313.
  • Herz, Rachel vd. (2004). “Neuroimaging Evidence For The Emotional Potency of Odor-evoked Memory”. Neuropsychologia, S. 42, s. 371-378.
  • Herz, Rachel ve Jonathen W. Schooler (2002). “A Naturalistic Study Of Autobiographical Memories Evoked by Olfactory And Visual Cues: Testing The Proustian Hypothesis”. American Journal of Psychology, S. 115, s. 21–32.
  • Johnson, Andrew J. (2011). “Cognitive Facilitation Following Intentional Odor Exposure”. Sensors, S. 11, s. 5469-5488.
  • Keleş, Esra ve Salih Çepni (2006). “Beyin ve Öğrenme”. Türk Fen Eğitimi Dergisi, S. 3, s. 66-82.
  • Keller, Fred S. ve William N. Schoenfeld (2014). Principles of Psychology: A Systematic Text In The Science Of Behaviour. Cambridge: BF Skinner Foundation.
  • Livesey, Petter J. (1986). “Learning and Emotion: Evolutionary processes”. Psychology Press, S. 1, s. 13-15.
  • Malnic, Bettina vd. (2004). “The Human Olfactory Receptor Gene Family”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, S. 101, s. 2584-2589.
  • Moss, Mark vd. (2008). “Modulation Of Cognitive Performance And Mood By Aromas Of Peppermint and Ylang-ylang”. Int. J. Neurosci., S. 118, s. 59-77.
  • Nairne, James vd. (2007). “Adaptive Memory: Survival Processing Enhances Retention”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, S. 33, s. 263.
  • Ozan, Vedat (2016). Kokular Kitabı. İstanbul: Everest Yayınları.
  • Pinker, Steven (1997). “Words and Rules In The Human Brain”. Nature, S. 387, s. 547-548.
  • Poellinger, Alexander vd. (2001). “Activation And Habituation In Olfaction An FMRI Study”. Neuroimage, S. 13, s. 547-560.
  • Posner, Michael ve Stephen Boies (1971). “Components of Attention”. Psychological Review, S. 78, s. 391-408.
  • Posner, Michael vd. (2004). “Attention and Cognitive Control”. Cognitive Psychology: Key Readings, Hove (England): Psychology Press. Roberts, Craig vd. (2009). “Manipulation of Body Odour Alters Men‟s Self-confidence And Judgements of Their Visual Attractiveness by Women”. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., S. 31, s. 47-54.
  • Sherry, David ve Daniel L. Schacter (1987). “The Evolution of Multiple Memory Systems”. Psychological Review, S. 94, s. 439-454.
  • Smith, Edward ve Stephen Kosslyn (2017). Bilişsel Psikoloji. Çev: Muzaffer Şahin vd, İstanbul: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Solso, Robert vd. (2007). Bilişsel Psikoloji. Çev: Ayşe Ayçiçeği, İstanbul: Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Soylu, Hüseyin (2004). Fen Öğretiminde Yeni Yaklaşımlar: Keşif Yoluyla Öğrenme. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Teller, Christoph ve Charles Dennis (2012). “The Effect of Ambient Scent on Consumers' Perception, Emotions and Behaviour: A critical review”. Journal of Marketing Management, S. 28, s. 14-36.
  • Villemure, Chantal vd. (2003). “Effects of Odours on Pain Perception: Deciphering the Roles of Emotion and Attention”. Pain, S. 106, s. 101-108.
  • Zellner, Debra ve Mary A. Kautz (1990). “Color Affects Perceived Odor Intensity”. Journal of Experimental Psychology, S. 12, s. 391-397.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Reyhan Ünver Fidan 0000-0002-0332-4057

Publication Date July 31, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 19 Issue: 35

Cite

APA Ünver Fidan, R. (2018). KOKU DUYUSUNUN DİĞER DUYULARDAN FARKI VE FARKLILIĞIN EVRİMSEL PERSPEKTİFLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(35), 743-756. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.384909