The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy Programme on Mental Well-Being and Self-Compassion: A Pilot Study with Psychology Students
Year 2025,
Volume: 26 Issue: 48, 99 - 112, 31.01.2025
Volkan Demir
Abstract
This study aims to test the effectiveness of theMindfulness-Based Art Therapy Programme on the mental well-being and self-compassion levels of psychology department students continuing their undergraduate education. In the study, two separate groups were formed an experimental group and a control group. There were 10 students in the experimental group and 11 students in the control group. Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy Programme was applied to the students in the experimental group. The control group was not subjected to any treatment. The analyses showed that the programme was effective in increasing the mental well-being and self-compassion levels of the students. There was no significant change in the measurements of the control group. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the mental well-being post-test levels of the students in the experimental group and the control group, while there was no significant difference in terms of self-compassion post-test scores.
References
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- Allen, R. (2017). The effects of mindfulness-based art therapy on stress and cortisol levels in graduate and professional-level students. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). The Florida State University.
- Angelika, S., Satiadarma, M. P., Koesma, R. E. (2019). Penerapan Art Therapy untuk meningkatkan Self-Compassion pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, Dan Seni, 3(1), 219-229.
- Asgarabad, E. Y., Ahangi, A., Feizi, M., Sarmasti, E., Sharifnezhad, A. (2018). The effectiveness of detached mindfulness techniques-oriented poetry therapy on cognitive attentional syndrome. The Arts in Psychotherapy, (61), 33-37.
- Bayramoğlu, A. (2011). Self-compassion in relation to psychopathology. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ankara: Middle East Technical University.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem A Yayıncılık.
- Czamanski-Cohen, J. & Weihs, K. L. (2016). The bodymind model: A platform for studying the mechanisms of change induced by art therapy. The Arts in psychotherapy, (51), 63-71.
- Degges-White, S. & Davis, N. L. (2019). Dışavurumcu sanatın psikolojik danışma uygulamalarına entegrasyonu. Nobel Yaşam.
- Demir, V. (2017). Dışavurumcu sanat terapisinin psikolojik belirtiler ile bilişsel işlevlere etkisi. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, (7), 575-598.
- Demir, V. (2022). Sanat terapisi: Temel psikoloji kuramları ile dışavurumcu sanatın bütünleştirilmesi. Nobel Yayınevi.
- Demir, V., Eryürek, S., Savaş, E. (2024). The effect of mindfulness-based art therapy on psychological symptoms and happiness levels in patients with migraine: a pilot study. Current Psychology, 43(19), 17664-17672.
- Demirtaş, A. S. & Baytemir, K. (2019). Warwick-Edinburgh Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nun Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(70), 689-701.
- Deniz, M., Kesici, Ş., Sümer, A. S. (2008). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self-Compassion Scale. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 36(9), 1151-1160.
- Eracar, N. (2013). Sözden öte sanatta terapi ve yaratıcılık. 3P Yayınları.
- Gladding, S. T. (1992). Counseling as an art: The creative arts in counseling. American Association for Counseling and Development.
- Gümüş-Demir, Z. G. & Demir, V. (2022). Investigation of the effects of art therapy on self-compassion, mood and cognitive functioning levels in the elderly. International Journal of Social Sciences, 6(25), 96-120.
- Habibi, M. & Hanasabzadeh, M. (2014). The effectiveness of mindfulness based art therapy on depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life among postmenopausal women. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 9(1), 22-31.
- Homan, K. J. (2016). Self-compassion and psychological well-being in older adults. Journal of Adult Development, (23), 111-119.
- Jalambadani, Z. & Borji, A. (2019). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based art therapy on healthy quality of life in women with breast cancer. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 6(2), 193-197.
- Jalambadani, Z., Borji, A., Bakaeian, M. (2020). Examining the effect of mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) on stress and lifestyle of Iranian pregnant women. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 40(6), 779-783.
- Jang, S. H., Kang, S. Y., Lee, H. J., Lee, S. Y. (2016). Beneficial effect of mindfulness-based art therapy in patients with breast cancer - a randomized controlled trial. Explore, 12(5), 333-340.
- Jang, S. H., Lee, J. H., Lee, H. J., Lee, S. Y. (2018). Effects of mindfulness-based art therapy on psychological symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 33(12).
- Jaworski, E. (2020). Creating a space to externalize: Mindfulness based art therapy for childhood trauma, a literature review. Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses, (328).
- Joseph, M. & Bance, L. O. (2019). A pilot study of compassion-focused visual art therapy for sexually abused children and the potential role of self-compassion in reducing trauma-related shame. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, (10), 368-372.
- Joshi, A. M., Mehta, S. A., Pande, N., Mehta, A. O., Randhe, K. S. (2021). Effect of Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy (MBAT) on psychological distress and spiritual wellbeing in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 27(4), 552.
- Keldal, G. (2015). Warwick-Edinburgh Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 103-115.
- Kempton, H. M. (2020). Use of poetry in secular mindfulness guidance. Mindfulness, 11(6), 1546-1556.
- Keyes, C. L. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207-222.
- Keyes, C. L., Dhingra, S. S., Simoes, E. J. (2010). Change in level of positive mental health as a predictor of future risk of mental illness. American Journal of Public Health, 100(12), 2366-2371.
- Lesiuk, T. (2016). The development of a mindfulness-based music therapy (MBMT) program for women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Healthcare, 4(3), 53.
- Lim, M. T. A. F. (2018). Applying Art Therapy to Increase Self-Compassion in Maladaptive Perfectionist University Students. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Jakarta: Tarumanagara University.
- Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?. Psychological bulletin, 131(6), 803.
- Malchiodi, C. A. (2003). Expressive arts therapy and multimodal approaches. Handbook of Art Therapy, (106), 119.
- Meghani, S. H., Peterson, C., Kaiser, D. H., Rhodes, J., Rao, H., Chittams, J., Chatterjee, A. (2018). A pilot study of a mindfulness-based art therapy intervention in outpatients with cancer. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 35(9), 1195-1200.
- Monti, D. A., Peterson, C., Kunkel, E. J. S., Hauck, W. W., Pequignot, E., Rhodes, L., Brainard, G. C. (2006). A randomized, controlled trial of mindfulness‐ based art therapy (MBAT) for women with cancer. Psycho‐ Oncology: Journal of the Psychological, Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Cancer, 15(5), 363-373.
- Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-102.
- Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure selfcompassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.
- Neff, K. D. & Dahm, K. A. (2015). Self-compassion: What it is, what it does, and how it relates to mindfulness. Handbook of Mindfulness and Self-regulation, 121-137.
- Öveç, Ü. (2007). Öz-duyarlık ile öz-bilinç, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres arasındaki ilişkilerin yapısal eşitlik modeliyle incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Özbey, Ç. (2009). Özel çocuklar ve terapi yöntemleri. İnkılap Kitabevi.
- Peterson, C. & Rappaport, L. (2014). Mindfulness-based art therapy. Mindfulness and the Art Therapies: Theory and Practice, 42-58.
- Prioli, K. M., Pizzi, L. T., Kash, K. M., Newberg, A. B., Morlino, A. M., Matthews, M. J., Monti, D. A. (2017). Costs and effectiveness of mindfulness-based art therapy versus standard breast cancer support group for women with cancer. American Health & Drug Benefits, 10(6), 288.
- Rappaport, L. (2009). Focusing-oriented art therapy: Accessing the body’s wisdom and creative intelligence. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
- Rubin, J. A. (1987). Conclusion. J. A. Rubin (Ed.), Approaches to Art Therapy: Theory and Technique içinde (314-326. ss.). Brunner/Mazel.
- Somakcı, P. (2003). Türklerde müzikle tedavi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(15), 131-140.
- Stull, O. A. (2016). Mindfulness-based Art Therapy: Eight Session Manual for Clinical Application & Research. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
- Tantia, J. F. (2013). Mindfulness and dance/movement therapy for treating trauma. Mindfulness and The Arts Therapies, 96-107.
- Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Parkinson, J., Secker, J., Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5(1), 1-13.
- Ümmet, D. & Yalın, H. S. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik iyi oluşu artırmaya yönelik bir psiko-eğitim programının etkililiğinin sınanması. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(3), 575-587.
- Van Lith, T., Cheshure, A., Pickett, S. M., Stanwood, G. D., Beerse, M. (2021). Mindfulness based art therapy study protocol to determine efficacy in reducing college stress and anxiety. BMC psychology, 9(1), 1-8.
- Wadeson, H. (1980). Art therapy research. Art Education, 33(4), 31-34.
- Wilson, L. (1995). Symbolism and Art Therapy. Symbolism’s role in the development of ego functions. American Journal of Art Therapy, 23(3), 79-88.
BİLİNÇLİ FARKINDALIK TEMELLİ SANAT TERAPİSİ PROGRAMININ MENTAL İYİ OLUŞ VE ÖZ-ŞEFKATE ETKİSİ: PSİKOLOJİ ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE BİR PİLOT ÇALIŞMA
Year 2025,
Volume: 26 Issue: 48, 99 - 112, 31.01.2025
Volkan Demir
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Sanat Terapisi Programı’nın lisans öğrenimine devam eden psikoloji bölümü öğrencilerinin mental iyi oluş ve öz-şefkat düzeyleri üzerindeki etkililiğini sınamaktır. Araştırmada deney grubu ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere iki ayrı grup oluşturulmuştur. Deney grubunda 10, kontrol grubunda ise 11 öğrenci yer almıştır. Deney grubunda bulunan öğrencilere Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Sanat Terapisi Programı uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubu ise herhangi bir işleme tabi tutulmamıştır. İstatiksel analizler, uygulanan Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Sanat Terapisi Programı’nın, öğrencilerin mental iyi oluş ve öz şefkat düzeylerini yükseltmede olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Kontrol grubunda yer alan öğrencilerin ölçümlerinde ise anlamlı bir değişim görülmemiştir. Deney grubu ile kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerin mental iyi oluş son-test düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farkın olduğu, öz duyarlık son-test puanları açısından ise anlamlı bir farkın olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Ethical Statement
Makale araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışma için gerekli etik kurul izni, İstanbul Kent Üniversitesi Etik Kurulunun 25.09.2023 tarihinde gerçekleştirdiği toplantıdaki 2023/9 sayılı kararıyla alınmıştır. Katılımcılara Helsinki Bildirgesi gereğince çalışmanın hedefi, oturumların genel yapısı hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve onamları alınmıştır.
References
- Akın, Ü., Akın, A., Abacı, R. (2007). Öz-duyarlık Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(33), 1-10.
- Allen, R. (2017). The effects of mindfulness-based art therapy on stress and cortisol levels in graduate and professional-level students. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). The Florida State University.
- Angelika, S., Satiadarma, M. P., Koesma, R. E. (2019). Penerapan Art Therapy untuk meningkatkan Self-Compassion pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, Dan Seni, 3(1), 219-229.
- Asgarabad, E. Y., Ahangi, A., Feizi, M., Sarmasti, E., Sharifnezhad, A. (2018). The effectiveness of detached mindfulness techniques-oriented poetry therapy on cognitive attentional syndrome. The Arts in Psychotherapy, (61), 33-37.
- Bayramoğlu, A. (2011). Self-compassion in relation to psychopathology. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ankara: Middle East Technical University.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem A Yayıncılık.
- Czamanski-Cohen, J. & Weihs, K. L. (2016). The bodymind model: A platform for studying the mechanisms of change induced by art therapy. The Arts in psychotherapy, (51), 63-71.
- Degges-White, S. & Davis, N. L. (2019). Dışavurumcu sanatın psikolojik danışma uygulamalarına entegrasyonu. Nobel Yaşam.
- Demir, V. (2017). Dışavurumcu sanat terapisinin psikolojik belirtiler ile bilişsel işlevlere etkisi. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, (7), 575-598.
- Demir, V. (2022). Sanat terapisi: Temel psikoloji kuramları ile dışavurumcu sanatın bütünleştirilmesi. Nobel Yayınevi.
- Demir, V., Eryürek, S., Savaş, E. (2024). The effect of mindfulness-based art therapy on psychological symptoms and happiness levels in patients with migraine: a pilot study. Current Psychology, 43(19), 17664-17672.
- Demirtaş, A. S. & Baytemir, K. (2019). Warwick-Edinburgh Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nun Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(70), 689-701.
- Deniz, M., Kesici, Ş., Sümer, A. S. (2008). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self-Compassion Scale. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 36(9), 1151-1160.
- Eracar, N. (2013). Sözden öte sanatta terapi ve yaratıcılık. 3P Yayınları.
- Gladding, S. T. (1992). Counseling as an art: The creative arts in counseling. American Association for Counseling and Development.
- Gümüş-Demir, Z. G. & Demir, V. (2022). Investigation of the effects of art therapy on self-compassion, mood and cognitive functioning levels in the elderly. International Journal of Social Sciences, 6(25), 96-120.
- Habibi, M. & Hanasabzadeh, M. (2014). The effectiveness of mindfulness based art therapy on depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life among postmenopausal women. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 9(1), 22-31.
- Homan, K. J. (2016). Self-compassion and psychological well-being in older adults. Journal of Adult Development, (23), 111-119.
- Jalambadani, Z. & Borji, A. (2019). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based art therapy on healthy quality of life in women with breast cancer. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 6(2), 193-197.
- Jalambadani, Z., Borji, A., Bakaeian, M. (2020). Examining the effect of mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) on stress and lifestyle of Iranian pregnant women. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 40(6), 779-783.
- Jang, S. H., Kang, S. Y., Lee, H. J., Lee, S. Y. (2016). Beneficial effect of mindfulness-based art therapy in patients with breast cancer - a randomized controlled trial. Explore, 12(5), 333-340.
- Jang, S. H., Lee, J. H., Lee, H. J., Lee, S. Y. (2018). Effects of mindfulness-based art therapy on psychological symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 33(12).
- Jaworski, E. (2020). Creating a space to externalize: Mindfulness based art therapy for childhood trauma, a literature review. Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses, (328).
- Joseph, M. & Bance, L. O. (2019). A pilot study of compassion-focused visual art therapy for sexually abused children and the potential role of self-compassion in reducing trauma-related shame. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, (10), 368-372.
- Joshi, A. M., Mehta, S. A., Pande, N., Mehta, A. O., Randhe, K. S. (2021). Effect of Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy (MBAT) on psychological distress and spiritual wellbeing in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 27(4), 552.
- Keldal, G. (2015). Warwick-Edinburgh Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 103-115.
- Kempton, H. M. (2020). Use of poetry in secular mindfulness guidance. Mindfulness, 11(6), 1546-1556.
- Keyes, C. L. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207-222.
- Keyes, C. L., Dhingra, S. S., Simoes, E. J. (2010). Change in level of positive mental health as a predictor of future risk of mental illness. American Journal of Public Health, 100(12), 2366-2371.
- Lesiuk, T. (2016). The development of a mindfulness-based music therapy (MBMT) program for women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Healthcare, 4(3), 53.
- Lim, M. T. A. F. (2018). Applying Art Therapy to Increase Self-Compassion in Maladaptive Perfectionist University Students. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Jakarta: Tarumanagara University.
- Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?. Psychological bulletin, 131(6), 803.
- Malchiodi, C. A. (2003). Expressive arts therapy and multimodal approaches. Handbook of Art Therapy, (106), 119.
- Meghani, S. H., Peterson, C., Kaiser, D. H., Rhodes, J., Rao, H., Chittams, J., Chatterjee, A. (2018). A pilot study of a mindfulness-based art therapy intervention in outpatients with cancer. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 35(9), 1195-1200.
- Monti, D. A., Peterson, C., Kunkel, E. J. S., Hauck, W. W., Pequignot, E., Rhodes, L., Brainard, G. C. (2006). A randomized, controlled trial of mindfulness‐ based art therapy (MBAT) for women with cancer. Psycho‐ Oncology: Journal of the Psychological, Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Cancer, 15(5), 363-373.
- Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-102.
- Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure selfcompassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.
- Neff, K. D. & Dahm, K. A. (2015). Self-compassion: What it is, what it does, and how it relates to mindfulness. Handbook of Mindfulness and Self-regulation, 121-137.
- Öveç, Ü. (2007). Öz-duyarlık ile öz-bilinç, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres arasındaki ilişkilerin yapısal eşitlik modeliyle incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Özbey, Ç. (2009). Özel çocuklar ve terapi yöntemleri. İnkılap Kitabevi.
- Peterson, C. & Rappaport, L. (2014). Mindfulness-based art therapy. Mindfulness and the Art Therapies: Theory and Practice, 42-58.
- Prioli, K. M., Pizzi, L. T., Kash, K. M., Newberg, A. B., Morlino, A. M., Matthews, M. J., Monti, D. A. (2017). Costs and effectiveness of mindfulness-based art therapy versus standard breast cancer support group for women with cancer. American Health & Drug Benefits, 10(6), 288.
- Rappaport, L. (2009). Focusing-oriented art therapy: Accessing the body’s wisdom and creative intelligence. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
- Rubin, J. A. (1987). Conclusion. J. A. Rubin (Ed.), Approaches to Art Therapy: Theory and Technique içinde (314-326. ss.). Brunner/Mazel.
- Somakcı, P. (2003). Türklerde müzikle tedavi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(15), 131-140.
- Stull, O. A. (2016). Mindfulness-based Art Therapy: Eight Session Manual for Clinical Application & Research. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
- Tantia, J. F. (2013). Mindfulness and dance/movement therapy for treating trauma. Mindfulness and The Arts Therapies, 96-107.
- Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Parkinson, J., Secker, J., Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5(1), 1-13.
- Ümmet, D. & Yalın, H. S. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik iyi oluşu artırmaya yönelik bir psiko-eğitim programının etkililiğinin sınanması. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(3), 575-587.
- Van Lith, T., Cheshure, A., Pickett, S. M., Stanwood, G. D., Beerse, M. (2021). Mindfulness based art therapy study protocol to determine efficacy in reducing college stress and anxiety. BMC psychology, 9(1), 1-8.
- Wadeson, H. (1980). Art therapy research. Art Education, 33(4), 31-34.
- Wilson, L. (1995). Symbolism and Art Therapy. Symbolism’s role in the development of ego functions. American Journal of Art Therapy, 23(3), 79-88.