TÜRKİYE’DE AKADEMİK İSTİHDAMDA BÖLGESEL UZMANLAŞMA, AKADEMİK İŞ PİYASASI VE ÖĞRETİM ÜYESİ ROTASYONU

Year 2018, Issue: 73, 233 - 262, 29.04.2018

Murat Çiftçi

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de akademik istihdamda bölgesel uzmanlaşma düzeylerinin tespit edilmesiyle akademik rotasyon imkânını analiz etmektir. Bu kapsamda ilk olarak akademik iş piyasasının ve akademik istihdamın yapısı ve özellikleri incelenmiştir. Ardından akademisyenlerin rotasyonu konusu, dünya geneli ve Türkiye açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü ve son aşamada ise olası akademik rotasyon için, rotasyona konu olacak illerin tespiti ve rotasyon hacimlerinin belirlenmesine yönelik uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulamada kullanılan veriler YÖK ve SGK‘dan derlenmiştir. Uygulama yöntemi lokasyon katsayısı (LQ) analizine dayanmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, akademisyen rotasyonuna konu olacak işgücü hacminin akademisyen işgücü piyasası içerisinde en fazla %3’le sınırlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Akademik istihdamda uzmanlaşmış illerin
uzmanlaşmasına zarar vermeden, düşük düzeyde uzmanlaşma başlangıcının tüm illerde sağlanmasına imkân verecek akademisyen hacmi, büyük ölçüde mevcuttur. Dolayısıyla akademik rotasyonun ek maliyet getirmeksizin gerçekleştirilebilirliği oldukça yüksektir.

Keywords

Çalışma Ekonomisi, Akademik İş Piyasası, İstihdamda Bölgesel Uzmanlaşma, Lokasyon Katsayısı, Bölge Çalışmaları, Bölge Planlama.

References

• Alhowaish, A. K., Alsharikh, M. A., Alasmail, M. A., ve Alghamdi, Z. A. (2015). Location quotient technique and economy analysis of regions: Tabuk province of Saudi Arabia as a case study. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 4(12), 1756-1761.
• Anderson, N. B., ve Bogart, W. T. (2001). The structure of sprawl: Identifying and characterizing employment centers in polycentric metropolitan areas. American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 60(1), 147-169.
• Andresen, M. A. (2007). Location quotients, ambient populations, and the spatial analysis of crime in Vancouver, Canada. Environment and Planning A. 39(10), 2423- 2444.
• Balsmeier, B., ve Pellens, M. (2016). How much doesit cost to be a scientist?. The Journal of Technology Transfer. 41(3), 469-505.
• Baruch, Y. (2013). Careers in academe: the academic labour market as an eco- system. Career Development International. 18.(2), 196-210.
• Bauder, H. (2006). The segmentation of academic labour: A Canadian example. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies. 4(2), 228-239.
• Bhattacharya, A. (1969). Industries in Poona metropolitan region: A preliminary study. Economic and Political Weekly. 4. (28-30), 1191-1196.
• Bogart, W. T. ve Ferry, W. C. (1999). Employment centres in greater Cleveland: Evidence of evolution in a formerly monocentric city. Urban studies. 36. (12), 2099- 2110.
• Boix, R., Capone, F., De Propris, L., Lazzeretti, L. ve Sanchez, D. (2016). Comparing creative industries in Europe. European Urban and Regional Studies. 23(4), 935-940.
• Cortese, C. F. ve Leftwich, J. E. (1975). A technique for measuring the effect of economic base on opportunity for blacks. Demography. 12(2), 325-329.
• Cruz, S. S. ve Teixeira,A.A. (2015). The neglected heterogeneity ofspatial agglomeration and co-location patterns of creative employment: evidence from Portugal. The Annals of Regional Science. 54(1), 143-177.
• Dalton, A. H. ve Snellings, E. C. (1983). A note on salary variations in an academic internal labor market. Atlantic Economic Journal, 11(3), 70-78.
• Davis, H. C. (1993). Is the Metropolitan Vancouver economy uncoupling from the Rest of the Province?. BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly. 98, 3-19.
• Gibson, L. J. ve Worden, M. A. (1981). Estimating the economic base multiplier: a test of alternative procedures. Economic Geography. 57(2), 146-159.
• Gillen, J. (2015). On the spatiality of the academic job market in critical human geography. Social & Cultural Geography. 16(7), 721-729.
• Grodach, C. (2016). Mapping the arts: Industry concentrations, distribution, and change in the US, 1980–2010. International Journal of Cultural Policy. 22(3), 353-375.
• Groff, E. (2011). Exploring ‘near’: Characterizing the spatial extent of drinking place influence on crime. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology. 44(2), 156-179.
• Huber, B. J. (1987). Graduate education and the academic job market. The American Sociologist. 18(1), 46-52.
• Hushak, L. J. ve Gyekye, A. B. (1984). The eelationship between selected economic and demographic measures and employment/specialization. North Central Journal of Agricultural Economics. 6(2), 48-58.
• Jøranli, I. ve Sverre J. H. (2017). Urban concentration and labour market linkages in the Norwegian ICT services sector. European Planning Studies. 25(10), 1734- 1755.
• Kalleberg, A. L., Wallace, M., & Althauser, R. P. (1981). Economic segmentation, worker power, and income inequality. American Journal of Sociology. 87(3), 651-683.
• Kies, U., Mrosek, T. ve Schulte, A. (2009). Spatial analysis of regional industrial clusters in the German forest sector. International Forestry Review, 11(1), 38-51.
• Kuchera, M. E. ve Miller, S. I. (1988). The effects of perceptions of the academic job market on adjunct faculty: An identity-theory analysis. Sociology of Education. 61(4), 240-254.
• Laoire, C. N. ve Shelton, N. J. (2003). ‘Contracted out’: some implications of the casualization of academic labour in geography. Area. 35(1), 92-100.
• Lawson, C. ve Shibayama, S. (2013). Temporary Mobility-A Policy for academic career development, The Department of Economics authored by member Department of Economics and Statistics, Working Paper. No. 21/13, Torino.
• Leahey, E., Keith, B. ve Crockett, J. (2010). Specialization and promotion in an academic discipline. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. 28(2), 135-155.
• Li, R. (2015). National and regional socio‐economic dependence on the fishery sector in mainland China. Fisheries management and Ecology. 22(1), 33-44.
• Margarida F., Videira, P. ve Calapez, T. (2013). The impact of long-term scientific mobility on the creation of persistent knowledge networks. Mobilities. 8(3), 440-465
• Mattila, J. M. ve Thompson, W. R. (1955). The measurement of the economic base of the metropolitan area. Land Economics. 31(3), 215-228.
• McCord, E. S., ve Ratcliffe, J. H. (2009). Intensity value analysis and the criminogenic effects of land use features on local crime patterns. Crime Patterns and Analysis. 2(1), 17-30.
• McGovern, P. D. (1961). Identifying exporting industries: The base of the base theory. Journal of the American Institute of Planners. 27(2), 144-150.
• Metzger, W. P. (1975). The American academic profession in "hard times". Daedalus. 104(1): 25-44.
• Miller, M. M., Gibson, L. J., ve Wright, N. G. (1991). Location quotient: A basic tool for economic development analysis. Economic Development Review. 9(2), 65-68.
• Monmonier, M., ve Schnell, G.A. (1992). Geographic concentration and regional trendsin the book publishing industry, 1963–1987. Publishing Research Quarterly. 8(3), 62-71.
• Morrissey, K. (2014). Producing regional production multipliers for Irish marine sector policy: A location quotient approach. Ocean & coastal management. 91, 58-64.
• Morrissey, K. (2016). A location quotient approach to producing regional production multipliers for the Irish economy. Papers in Regional Science. 95(3), 491-506.
• O'Malley, P. (1967). The location structure of the food industries and their contribution to industrial employment. Irish Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology. 1(1), 87-103.
• Purohit, V. K. (1975). Industrial structure of Rajasthan with special reference to the cement industry. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations. 10(4), 561-574.
• Reich, M., Gordon, D. M., & Edwards, R. C. (1973). A theory of labor market segmentation. The American Economic Review. 63(2), 359-365. Ribeiro, L. C. D. S., Lopes, T. H. C. R., Montenegro, R. L. G., & Andrade, J. R. D.
• L. (2017). Employment dynamics in the Brazilian tourism sector (2006– 2015). Tourism Economics. 1354816617736409.
• Riemers, C. (1998). Functional relations in distribution channels and location patterns of the Dutch wholesale sector. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. 80(2), 83-100.
• Rosenfeld, R. A. ve Jones, J. A. (1986). Institutional mobility among academics: The case of psychologists. Sociology of Education. 59(4), 212-226.
• SGK, (2016). İstatistik yıllığı, URL: http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/sgk/tkurumsal/ istatistik/sgk_istatistik_yilliklari
• Shin, J. C. ve Jung, J. (2014). Academics job satisfaction and job stress across countries in the changing academic environments. Higher Education. 67(5), 603-620.
• Simonen, J., Svento, R. ve McCann, P. (2016). The regional and sectoral mobility of high-tech workers: insights from Finland. The Annals of Regional Science. 56 (2), 341-368.
• Teevan, J. J., Pepper, S. ve Pellizzari, J. R. (1992). Academic employment decisions and gender. Research in Higher Education. 33(2), 141-160.
• Tian, Z. (2013). Measuring agglomeration using the standardized location quotient with a bootstrap method. Journal of Regional Analysis & Policy. 43(2), 186.
• Virtanen, J., Ahvonen, A., & Honkanen, A. (2001). Regional socio-economic importance of fisheries in Finland. Fisheries Management and Ecology. 8(4-5), 393-403.
• YÖK (2017). Yükseköğretim bilgi yönetim sistemi. URL. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/