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ORTAOKULLARDA AKRAN ZORBALIĞININ YAYGINLIĞININ VE ZORBA-MAĞDURLARIN DEPRESYON VE ANKSİYETE DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2019, Issue: 78, 315 - 330, 15.07.2019

Abstract

Ortaokullarda akran zorbalığının yaygınlığı ve zorba-mağdurların depresyon ve anksiyete düzeylerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma, Erzurum il merkezinde yer
alan ortaokullarda öğrenim görmekte olan öğrenciler ile yürütülmüştür. İlişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı bu araştırma sürecinde veri toplamak için Ergen Akran İlişkileri
Belirleme Ölçeği ve Çocuklar için Depresyon ve Anksiyete Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. İki aşamadan oluşan örneklem seçiminin ilk aşamasında okullar sahip oldukları belirli özelliklere göre kümelere ayrılmış ve bir sonraki aşamada ise bu kümelerden uygun örnekleme yolu ile veri toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler için öncelikle parametrik koşullar gözden
geçirilmiştir. Parametrik nitelik taşıdığı belirlenen 890 öğrenciye ait veri ile araştırma sorularına yanıt aranmıştır. Veri analiz sürecinde betimsel istatistikler, korelasyon analizi ve regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular, hem zorbalık yapanların hem de zorbalığa maruz kalanların yaygın bir ağırlığa sahip olduğunu ve bu
bulguların alan yazın ile önemli oranda örtüştüğünü ve hem zorbalığın hem de mağduriyetin depresyon ve anksiyeteyi pozitif yönlü olarak yordadığını göstermiştir.

References

  • Andreou, E. (2000). Bully/victim problems and their association with psychosocial constructs in 8 to 12 year old Greek school children. Aggressive Behavior, 26, 49-56
  • Atik, G. (2006). The role of locus of control, self-esteem, parenting style, loneliness and academic achievement in predicting bullying among middle school stutents. A thesis submitted to the graduate school of social sciences of Ankara: Middle East Technical University.
  • Bayraktar, F. (2009). Ergenlerin zorba ve kurban davranışlarında birey, aile, akran ve okula dair özelliklerin rolü: Bütüncül bir model önerisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Berthold, K. A., & Hoover, J. H. (2000). Correlates of bullying and victimization among intermediate students in the Midwestern USA. School Psychology International, 21(1), 65-78.
  • Besag, V.E. (1995). Bullies and victims in schools: A guide to understanding and management. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
  • Bjorkqvist, K., Ekman, K. and Lagerspetz, K. (1982). Bullies and victims: Their ego picture, ideal ego picture, and normative ego picture. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 23, 307-313.
  • Bonds, M. ve Stoker, S. (2000). Bully-proofingyour school: A comprehensive approach to middle schools. Longmont, CO: Sopris West
  • Bosworth, K., Espelage, D. L., Simon, T. (1999). Factor associated with bullying behavior in middle school students. The Journal of Early Adolesance. 19, 341-362.
  • Boulton, M. J., & Smith, P. K. (1994). Bully/victim problems in middle-school children: Stability, self-perceived competence, peer perceptions and peer acceptance. British journal of developmental psychology, 12(3), 315-329.
  • Brendgen, M., & Poulin, F. (2018). Continued bullying victimization fromchildhood to young adulthood: A longitudinal study of mediating andprotective Factors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46, 27–39.
  • Camodeca, M., Goossens, F. A., Schuengel, C., & Terwogt, M. M. (2003). Links between social information processing in middle childhood and involvement in bullying. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 29(2), 116-127.
  • Crick, N. R., ve Grotpeter, J. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social- psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710-722.
  • Eastman, M., Foshee, V., Ennett, S., Sotres-Alvarez, D., Reyes, H. L. M.,Faris, R., & North, K. (2018). Profiles of internalizing and externalizingsymptoms associated with bullying victimization. Journal of Adolescence, 65,101–110.
  • Ebesutani, C., Reise, S. P., Chorpita, B. F., Ale, C., Regan, J., Young, J., Higa-McMillan C. & Weisz, J. R. (2012). The revised child anxiety and depression scale-short version: Scale reduction via exploratory bifactor modeling of the broad anxiety factor. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 833.
  • Faris, R., & Felmlee, D. (2014). Casualties of Social Combat. American Sociological Review, 79 (2), 228–257. doi:10.1177/0003122414524573
  • Field, A. (2009). Discopering Statistics Using SPSS, Thrid Edition. Genç, G. ve Aksu, M. (2010). Genel lise öğrencilerinin zorba-kurban davranışlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 413-448.
  • Hawker, D. S. J. ve Boulton, M. J. (2000). Twenty years’ research on peer victimization and psychological maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 441-455.
  • Hazler, R. J., Hoover, J. H. & Oliver, R. (1992). What kids say about bullying. The Executive Educator, 14 (11), 20-22.
  • Hodges, E.V. E. ve Perry, D. G. (1999). Personal and interpersonal antecedents and consequences of victimization by peers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 677-685.
  • Jennifer, D., Cowie, H. ve Bray D. (2006). ‘Bully dance’: Animation as a tool for conflict resolution. Pastoral Care in Education, 24(1), 27-32.
  • Kapçı, E. G. (2004). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin zorbalığa uğrama türünün ve sıklığının depresyon, kaygı ve benlik saygısıyla ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 37 (1), 1-13.
  • Klomek, A. B., Marrocco, F., Kleinman, M., Schonfeld, I. S., and Gould, M. S. (2007). Bullying, depression, and suicidality in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(1), 40-49.
  • Koçak, L., & Seer, I. (2018). Investigation of the Relationship between School Burnout, Depression and Anxiety among High School Students. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 47(2).
  • Kumpulainen K, Räsänen E. (2000) Children involved in bullying at elementary school age: their psychiatric symptoms and deviance in adolescence.An epidemiological sample. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24(12), 1567-1577.
  • Kumpulainen, K.,Rasanen, E., ve Puura, K. (2001). Psychiatric disorders and the use of mental health services among children. Aggressive Behaviour, 27 (2), 102-110.
  • Lagerspetz, K. M. J., Bjorkqvist, K., Berts, M. ve King, E. (1982). Group aggression among school childeren in three schools. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 23, 45-52.
  • Lee, K. S., & Vaillancourt, T. (2018). Longitudinal associations among bul-lying by peers, disordered eating behavior, and symptoms of depressionduring adolescence. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 75,605–612
  • McMillan, J.H. & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry (7 th Edition). London: Pearson
  • Nansel, T.R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R.S., Ruan, W.J., Simons-Morton, B. & Scheidt, P. (2001). “Bullying behaviors among U.S. youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment”. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2094-2100.
  • Olweus, D. (1978). Aggression in the schools: Bullies and whipping boys. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Press.
  • Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school. What we know and what we can do. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school. Huessmann, L. R. (Ed.). Aggressive Behavior. New York: Plenum Press..
  • Olweus, D. (1996). The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire for students. Bergen, Norway: University of Bergen
  • Olweus, D. (2005) Bullying at School: What we know and what we can do. Blackwell Publishing: Oxford.
  • O’Moore, M. ve Hillery (1989). Bullying in Dublin School. Irish Journal of Pschology, 10, 426-441
  • Orpinas, P., Horne, M. A. ve Staniszewski, D. (2003). School bullying: changing the problem by changing the school. School Psychology Review, 32(3), 431-444.
  • Öger, K., Tarı I. ve Yılmazçetin, E, C. (2005) Okullarda suç ve şiddeti önleme. Yeniden Sağlık ve Eğitim Özel Sayısı- www.yeniden.org.tr (Erişim Tarihi: 13.02. 2006)
  • Özen, D. (2010). Ergenlerde akran zorbalığına maruz kalmanın cinsiyet, yaş ve içe yönelim türü problem davranışlar ile ilişkisi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 17(1), 5-12.
  • Parada, R. H. (2000). Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument: A theoretical and empirical basis for the measurement of participant roles in bullying and victimization of adolescence: An interim test manual and a research monograph: A test manual. Australia: Publication Unit.
  • Patalay, P., & Fitzsimons, E. (2017).Mental ill-health among children of the new century: Trends across childhood with a focus on age 14. London, UK: Centre for Longitudinal Studies.
  • Reknes, I., Harris, A., & Einarsen, S. (2018). The role of hardiness in the bullying–mental health relationship. Occupational Medicine, 68(1), 64-66.
  • Rigby, K. (2002). New perspectives on bullying. Jesica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Rigby, K. (2003). Consequences of bullying in schools. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 583-590.
  • Roland,E.(2002).Aggression,depression,andbullyingothers. Aggressive Behavior, 28(3), 198-206.
  • Sexton-Radek, K. (2005). Violence in schools: Issues, consequences, and expressions. Westport: Praeger Publishers.
  • Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A. ve Coie, J. D. (1993). The emergence of chronic peer victimization in boys’ play groups. Child Development, 64, 1755-1772. Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D., Hubbard, J. A., Cillessen, A. H. N., Lemerise,
  • , E. A. ve Bateman, H. (1998). Social-cognitive and behavioral correlates of aggression and victimization in boys’ play groups. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 431-440
  • Seals, D. ve Young, J. (2003). Bullying and victimization: prevalence and relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, and depression. Adolescence, 38, 735-747.
  • Seçer, İ. (2014). Akran zorbalığına uğrayan ergenlerin mağduriyet algılamaları ve başa çıkma stratejilerine grupla psikolojik danışmanın etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Seçer, İ. ve Şimşek, M. K. (2015). Çocuklar için depresyon ve anksiyete ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Ejer Congress 2015, Ankara.
  • Sharp, S. (1995). How much does bullying hurt? Educational and Child Psychology, 12, 81–88.
  • Sipahi, H.T.(2008). İzmir ili Bornova ilçesinde ilköğretim 6. ve 7. sınıf öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığı, etkileyen ve eşlik eden faktörler. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Slee, P. T., & Rigby, K. (1993). The relationship of Eysenck's personality factors and self-esteem to bully-victim behaviour in Australian schoolboys. Personality and individual differences, 14(2), 371-373.
  • Sourander, A., Helstela, L., Helenius, H. ve Piha, J. (2000). Persistence of bullying from childhood to adolescence–a longitudinal 8-year follow-up study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24(7), 873-881.
  • Stephenson, P., & Smith, D. (1989). Bullying in the junior school. Bullying in schools, 45-57.
  • Sutton, J. ve Keogh, E. (2000). Social competition in school: Relationships with bullying, Machiavellianism and personality. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 443-456.
  • Sutton, J., Smith, P. K. ve Swettenham, J. (1999). Social cognition and bullying: Social inadequacy of skilled manipulation? British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17, 435-450.
  • Tabachnick, B.. G., Fidell L. S., (2015) Çok Değişkenli İstatistiklerin Kullanımı - Using Multivariate Statistics (6. Baskı), (Çev. Ed., Baloğlu, M.), Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Tura, G. (2008). Akran Zorbalığına uğramayı yordayan özellikler. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara
  • Whitted, K.S. ve Dupper, D. R. (2005). Best practices for preventing or reducing bullying in schools. Children and Schools, 27(3), 17-175.
  • Wu, L., Zhang, D., Su, Z., & Hu, T. (2015). Peer victimization among children and adolescents:Ameta-analytic reviewoflinksto emotionalmaladjustment. Clinical pediatrics, 54(10), 941-955.
Year 2019, Issue: 78, 315 - 330, 15.07.2019

Abstract

References

  • Andreou, E. (2000). Bully/victim problems and their association with psychosocial constructs in 8 to 12 year old Greek school children. Aggressive Behavior, 26, 49-56
  • Atik, G. (2006). The role of locus of control, self-esteem, parenting style, loneliness and academic achievement in predicting bullying among middle school stutents. A thesis submitted to the graduate school of social sciences of Ankara: Middle East Technical University.
  • Bayraktar, F. (2009). Ergenlerin zorba ve kurban davranışlarında birey, aile, akran ve okula dair özelliklerin rolü: Bütüncül bir model önerisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Berthold, K. A., & Hoover, J. H. (2000). Correlates of bullying and victimization among intermediate students in the Midwestern USA. School Psychology International, 21(1), 65-78.
  • Besag, V.E. (1995). Bullies and victims in schools: A guide to understanding and management. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
  • Bjorkqvist, K., Ekman, K. and Lagerspetz, K. (1982). Bullies and victims: Their ego picture, ideal ego picture, and normative ego picture. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 23, 307-313.
  • Bonds, M. ve Stoker, S. (2000). Bully-proofingyour school: A comprehensive approach to middle schools. Longmont, CO: Sopris West
  • Bosworth, K., Espelage, D. L., Simon, T. (1999). Factor associated with bullying behavior in middle school students. The Journal of Early Adolesance. 19, 341-362.
  • Boulton, M. J., & Smith, P. K. (1994). Bully/victim problems in middle-school children: Stability, self-perceived competence, peer perceptions and peer acceptance. British journal of developmental psychology, 12(3), 315-329.
  • Brendgen, M., & Poulin, F. (2018). Continued bullying victimization fromchildhood to young adulthood: A longitudinal study of mediating andprotective Factors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46, 27–39.
  • Camodeca, M., Goossens, F. A., Schuengel, C., & Terwogt, M. M. (2003). Links between social information processing in middle childhood and involvement in bullying. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 29(2), 116-127.
  • Crick, N. R., ve Grotpeter, J. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social- psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710-722.
  • Eastman, M., Foshee, V., Ennett, S., Sotres-Alvarez, D., Reyes, H. L. M.,Faris, R., & North, K. (2018). Profiles of internalizing and externalizingsymptoms associated with bullying victimization. Journal of Adolescence, 65,101–110.
  • Ebesutani, C., Reise, S. P., Chorpita, B. F., Ale, C., Regan, J., Young, J., Higa-McMillan C. & Weisz, J. R. (2012). The revised child anxiety and depression scale-short version: Scale reduction via exploratory bifactor modeling of the broad anxiety factor. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 833.
  • Faris, R., & Felmlee, D. (2014). Casualties of Social Combat. American Sociological Review, 79 (2), 228–257. doi:10.1177/0003122414524573
  • Field, A. (2009). Discopering Statistics Using SPSS, Thrid Edition. Genç, G. ve Aksu, M. (2010). Genel lise öğrencilerinin zorba-kurban davranışlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 413-448.
  • Hawker, D. S. J. ve Boulton, M. J. (2000). Twenty years’ research on peer victimization and psychological maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 441-455.
  • Hazler, R. J., Hoover, J. H. & Oliver, R. (1992). What kids say about bullying. The Executive Educator, 14 (11), 20-22.
  • Hodges, E.V. E. ve Perry, D. G. (1999). Personal and interpersonal antecedents and consequences of victimization by peers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 677-685.
  • Jennifer, D., Cowie, H. ve Bray D. (2006). ‘Bully dance’: Animation as a tool for conflict resolution. Pastoral Care in Education, 24(1), 27-32.
  • Kapçı, E. G. (2004). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin zorbalığa uğrama türünün ve sıklığının depresyon, kaygı ve benlik saygısıyla ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 37 (1), 1-13.
  • Klomek, A. B., Marrocco, F., Kleinman, M., Schonfeld, I. S., and Gould, M. S. (2007). Bullying, depression, and suicidality in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(1), 40-49.
  • Koçak, L., & Seer, I. (2018). Investigation of the Relationship between School Burnout, Depression and Anxiety among High School Students. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 47(2).
  • Kumpulainen K, Räsänen E. (2000) Children involved in bullying at elementary school age: their psychiatric symptoms and deviance in adolescence.An epidemiological sample. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24(12), 1567-1577.
  • Kumpulainen, K.,Rasanen, E., ve Puura, K. (2001). Psychiatric disorders and the use of mental health services among children. Aggressive Behaviour, 27 (2), 102-110.
  • Lagerspetz, K. M. J., Bjorkqvist, K., Berts, M. ve King, E. (1982). Group aggression among school childeren in three schools. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 23, 45-52.
  • Lee, K. S., & Vaillancourt, T. (2018). Longitudinal associations among bul-lying by peers, disordered eating behavior, and symptoms of depressionduring adolescence. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 75,605–612
  • McMillan, J.H. & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry (7 th Edition). London: Pearson
  • Nansel, T.R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R.S., Ruan, W.J., Simons-Morton, B. & Scheidt, P. (2001). “Bullying behaviors among U.S. youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment”. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2094-2100.
  • Olweus, D. (1978). Aggression in the schools: Bullies and whipping boys. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Press.
  • Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school. What we know and what we can do. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school. Huessmann, L. R. (Ed.). Aggressive Behavior. New York: Plenum Press..
  • Olweus, D. (1996). The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire for students. Bergen, Norway: University of Bergen
  • Olweus, D. (2005) Bullying at School: What we know and what we can do. Blackwell Publishing: Oxford.
  • O’Moore, M. ve Hillery (1989). Bullying in Dublin School. Irish Journal of Pschology, 10, 426-441
  • Orpinas, P., Horne, M. A. ve Staniszewski, D. (2003). School bullying: changing the problem by changing the school. School Psychology Review, 32(3), 431-444.
  • Öger, K., Tarı I. ve Yılmazçetin, E, C. (2005) Okullarda suç ve şiddeti önleme. Yeniden Sağlık ve Eğitim Özel Sayısı- www.yeniden.org.tr (Erişim Tarihi: 13.02. 2006)
  • Özen, D. (2010). Ergenlerde akran zorbalığına maruz kalmanın cinsiyet, yaş ve içe yönelim türü problem davranışlar ile ilişkisi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 17(1), 5-12.
  • Parada, R. H. (2000). Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument: A theoretical and empirical basis for the measurement of participant roles in bullying and victimization of adolescence: An interim test manual and a research monograph: A test manual. Australia: Publication Unit.
  • Patalay, P., & Fitzsimons, E. (2017).Mental ill-health among children of the new century: Trends across childhood with a focus on age 14. London, UK: Centre for Longitudinal Studies.
  • Reknes, I., Harris, A., & Einarsen, S. (2018). The role of hardiness in the bullying–mental health relationship. Occupational Medicine, 68(1), 64-66.
  • Rigby, K. (2002). New perspectives on bullying. Jesica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Rigby, K. (2003). Consequences of bullying in schools. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 583-590.
  • Roland,E.(2002).Aggression,depression,andbullyingothers. Aggressive Behavior, 28(3), 198-206.
  • Sexton-Radek, K. (2005). Violence in schools: Issues, consequences, and expressions. Westport: Praeger Publishers.
  • Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A. ve Coie, J. D. (1993). The emergence of chronic peer victimization in boys’ play groups. Child Development, 64, 1755-1772. Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D., Hubbard, J. A., Cillessen, A. H. N., Lemerise,
  • , E. A. ve Bateman, H. (1998). Social-cognitive and behavioral correlates of aggression and victimization in boys’ play groups. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 431-440
  • Seals, D. ve Young, J. (2003). Bullying and victimization: prevalence and relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, and depression. Adolescence, 38, 735-747.
  • Seçer, İ. (2014). Akran zorbalığına uğrayan ergenlerin mağduriyet algılamaları ve başa çıkma stratejilerine grupla psikolojik danışmanın etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Seçer, İ. ve Şimşek, M. K. (2015). Çocuklar için depresyon ve anksiyete ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Ejer Congress 2015, Ankara.
  • Sharp, S. (1995). How much does bullying hurt? Educational and Child Psychology, 12, 81–88.
  • Sipahi, H.T.(2008). İzmir ili Bornova ilçesinde ilköğretim 6. ve 7. sınıf öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığı, etkileyen ve eşlik eden faktörler. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Slee, P. T., & Rigby, K. (1993). The relationship of Eysenck's personality factors and self-esteem to bully-victim behaviour in Australian schoolboys. Personality and individual differences, 14(2), 371-373.
  • Sourander, A., Helstela, L., Helenius, H. ve Piha, J. (2000). Persistence of bullying from childhood to adolescence–a longitudinal 8-year follow-up study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24(7), 873-881.
  • Stephenson, P., & Smith, D. (1989). Bullying in the junior school. Bullying in schools, 45-57.
  • Sutton, J. ve Keogh, E. (2000). Social competition in school: Relationships with bullying, Machiavellianism and personality. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 443-456.
  • Sutton, J., Smith, P. K. ve Swettenham, J. (1999). Social cognition and bullying: Social inadequacy of skilled manipulation? British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17, 435-450.
  • Tabachnick, B.. G., Fidell L. S., (2015) Çok Değişkenli İstatistiklerin Kullanımı - Using Multivariate Statistics (6. Baskı), (Çev. Ed., Baloğlu, M.), Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Tura, G. (2008). Akran Zorbalığına uğramayı yordayan özellikler. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara
  • Whitted, K.S. ve Dupper, D. R. (2005). Best practices for preventing or reducing bullying in schools. Children and Schools, 27(3), 17-175.
  • Wu, L., Zhang, D., Su, Z., & Hu, T. (2015). Peer victimization among children and adolescents:Ameta-analytic reviewoflinksto emotionalmaladjustment. Clinical pediatrics, 54(10), 941-955.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kasım Karaca This is me

Publication Date July 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 78

Cite

APA Karaca, K. (2019). ORTAOKULLARDA AKRAN ZORBALIĞININ YAYGINLIĞININ VE ZORBA-MAĞDURLARIN DEPRESYON VE ANKSİYETE DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. EKEV Akademi Dergisi(78), 315-330.