Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

MANTIKSAL BİR SORUN OLARAK KÖTÜLÜK

Year 2015, Issue: 62, 35 - 50, 30.04.2015

Abstract

Teistik düşünceye göre Tanrı her-şeyi-bilen her-şeye-gücü-yeten ve iyilik sahibi olan
aşkın bir varlıktır. Fakat ateistik düşünceye göre her-şeyi-bilen, her-şeye-gücü-yeten ve
iyilik sahibi olan bir Tanrı’nın varlığı ile kötülüğün varlığı arasında bir tutarsızlık (çelişki)
vardır. Çünkü söz konusu sıfatlara sahip bir Tanrı kötülüğün meydana gelmesine
müsaade etmemelidir. Böylece, ‘(i)Tanrı mutlak kudret sahibidir ve mutlak anlamda iyidir’
ile ‘(ii) kötülük vardır’ önermeleri arasında mantıksal bir tutarsızlık olduğu için bu
önermelerin bir arada doğru olması düşünülemez. Peki, bu iki önerme arasında mantıksal
bir tutarsızlık var mıdır? Denilebilir ki mantıksal bir tutarsızlıktan söz edilebilmek
için önermeler arasında zorunlu bir çelişkinin olması gerekir. Nitekim mutlak anlamda
iyi olan bir Tanrı’nın bazı kötülüklere izin vermesini mümkün kılan ahlaki gerekçeler
olabilir. Eğer bir takım ahlaki gerekçelerden hareketle kötülüğe izin verilecekse o zaman
‘kötülük’ ile ‘mutlak kudret’ arasında bir tutarsızlık olamaz. Böylece ‘kötülüğün varlığı
Tanrı’nın varlığını mantıksal olarak imkânsız kılabilecek kanıtsal bir değere sahip değildir’
düşüncesi bu çalışmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır.

References

  • Akdemir, Ferhat, Alvin Plantinga ve Analitik Din Felsefesi, Ankara: Elis Yay., 2007.
  • Baillie, James, Jason Hagen, “There Cannot Be Two Omnipotent Beings”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 64, 2008, 21-33.
  • Conway, David A.,“The Philosophical Problem of Evil”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 24, No. 1/2, 1988, 35-66.
  • Davies, Brian, The Reality Of God And The Problem Of Evil, London: Continuum, 2006.
  • _____, Thomas Aquinas on God and Evil, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Davis, Stephen T., Logic And The Nature Of God, London: Macmillan Press, 1983.
  • Eshleman, Andrew , “Alternative Possibilities and the Free Will Defence”, Religious Studies, Vol. 33, No. 3, 1997, 267-286.
  • Frankfurt, Harry G., “Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility”, The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 66, No. 23, 1969, 829-839.
  • Grave, S. A., “On Evil and Omnipotence”, Mind, Vol. 65, No. 258, 1956, 259-262.
  • Hick, John, Evil and the God of Love, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
  • Howard-Snyder, Daniel, “The Logical Problem of Evil: Mackie and Plantinga”, The Blackwell Companion to the Problem of Evil, ed. Justin P. McBrayer and Daniel Howard-Snyder, Oxford: Blackwell, 2013, 19-33.
  • Hume, David, “The Argument from Evil”, Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, ed. Louis P. Pojman, Michael Rea, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2008, 147- 152.
  • Jackson, Keith Burgess, “Free Will, Omnipotence, And The Problem f Evil”, American Journal of Theology & Philosophy, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1988, 175-185.
  • Johnson, B. C. “Why Doesn’t God Intervene to Prevent Evil”, Philosophy: The Quest for Truth, ed. Louis P. Pojman, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, 115- 120.
  • Keller, James A., “The Problem of Evil and the Attributes of God”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1989, 155-171.
  • Kenny, Anthony, The God of The Philosophers, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979. Kroon, Frederick W., “Plantinga on God, Freedom, and Evil”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1981, 75-96.
  • McCloskey, H. J., “The Problem of Evil”, Journal of Bible and Religion, Vol. 30, No. 3, 1962, 187-197.
  • Mackie, J. L. “Evil and Omnipotence”, Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, ed. Louis P. Pojman, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2008, 173-181.
  • _____Kötülük ve Mutlak Güç”, çev. Metin Yasa, Tanrı ve Kötülük, Ankara: Elis Yay., 2014, 9-118.
  • Peterson, Michael, vd., Akıl ve İnanç: Din Felsefesine Giriş, çev. Rahim Acar, İstanbul: Küre Yay., 2006.
  • Pike, Nelson, “Omnipotence and God's Ability to Sin”, American Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1969, 208-216.
  • Plantinga, Alvin, “The Free Will Defense”, Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, ed. Louis P. Pojman, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2008, 181-200.
  • _____,“Özgür İrade Savunması”, çev. Rahim Açar, Din Felsefesi: Seçme Metinler, ed. Michael Peterson, vd., çev. Rahim Acar, Nebi Mehdiyev vd., İstanbul: Küre yay., 2013, 398-423.
  • _____,God and Other Minds, London: Cornell University Press, 1967.
  • Pojman, Louis P., Philosophy: The Quest For Truth, ed. Louis P. Pojman, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Pojman, Louis P., Michael Rea, Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, ed. Louis P. Pojman, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2008.
  • Pruss, Alexander R., “A New Free-Will Defence”, Religious Studies, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2003, 211-223.
  • Ragland, C. P., “Descartes's Theodicy”, Religious Studies, Vol. 43, No. 2, 2007, 125- 144.
  • Reçber, Mehmet Sait, “Ateizm ve Ateistik Deliller”, Din ve Ahlak Felsefesi, ed. Recep Kılıç, Ankara: Ankuzem Yay., 2006, 110-146.
  • _____,“Tanrı ve Ahlakî Doğruların Zorunluluğu” Ankara Üniversitesin İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, C.XLIV, S. 1, Ankara: 2003, 135-160
  • Rood, Rick, “Tanrı ve Kötülük: İyi Bir Tanrı Kötülüğe Nasıl İzin Verir”, çev. Metin Yasa, Tanrı ve Kötülük, Ankara: Elis Yay., 2014, 119-125.
  • Rowe, William, “The Inductive Argument from Evil Against the Existence of God”, Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, Ed. Louis P. Pojman, Michael Rea, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2008, 200-207.
  • Stump, Eleonore, “Knowledge, Freedom and the Problem of Evil”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1983, 49-58.
  • Swinburne, Richard, Tanrı Var mı?, çev. Muhsin Akbaş, Bursa: Arasta Yay., 2001. Van Inwagen, Peter, “The Problem of Evil” Philosophy of Religıon, ed. William J. Wainwright, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, 188-220.
  • _____,“Moral Responsibility, Determinism, and the Ability to Do Otherwise”, The Journal of Ethics, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1999, 341-350.
  • -----------------------------Yaran, Cafer Sadık, Kötülük ve Theodise, Ankara: Vadi Yay., 1997.
  • ------------------Yasa, Metin, Tanrı ve Kötülük, Ankara: Elis Yay., 2014.
  • Zagzebski, Linda, “An Agent-Based Approach to the Problem of Evil”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 39, No. 3, 1996, 127-139.
Year 2015, Issue: 62, 35 - 50, 30.04.2015

Abstract

References

  • Akdemir, Ferhat, Alvin Plantinga ve Analitik Din Felsefesi, Ankara: Elis Yay., 2007.
  • Baillie, James, Jason Hagen, “There Cannot Be Two Omnipotent Beings”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 64, 2008, 21-33.
  • Conway, David A.,“The Philosophical Problem of Evil”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 24, No. 1/2, 1988, 35-66.
  • Davies, Brian, The Reality Of God And The Problem Of Evil, London: Continuum, 2006.
  • _____, Thomas Aquinas on God and Evil, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Davis, Stephen T., Logic And The Nature Of God, London: Macmillan Press, 1983.
  • Eshleman, Andrew , “Alternative Possibilities and the Free Will Defence”, Religious Studies, Vol. 33, No. 3, 1997, 267-286.
  • Frankfurt, Harry G., “Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility”, The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 66, No. 23, 1969, 829-839.
  • Grave, S. A., “On Evil and Omnipotence”, Mind, Vol. 65, No. 258, 1956, 259-262.
  • Hick, John, Evil and the God of Love, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
  • Howard-Snyder, Daniel, “The Logical Problem of Evil: Mackie and Plantinga”, The Blackwell Companion to the Problem of Evil, ed. Justin P. McBrayer and Daniel Howard-Snyder, Oxford: Blackwell, 2013, 19-33.
  • Hume, David, “The Argument from Evil”, Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, ed. Louis P. Pojman, Michael Rea, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2008, 147- 152.
  • Jackson, Keith Burgess, “Free Will, Omnipotence, And The Problem f Evil”, American Journal of Theology & Philosophy, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1988, 175-185.
  • Johnson, B. C. “Why Doesn’t God Intervene to Prevent Evil”, Philosophy: The Quest for Truth, ed. Louis P. Pojman, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, 115- 120.
  • Keller, James A., “The Problem of Evil and the Attributes of God”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1989, 155-171.
  • Kenny, Anthony, The God of The Philosophers, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979. Kroon, Frederick W., “Plantinga on God, Freedom, and Evil”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1981, 75-96.
  • McCloskey, H. J., “The Problem of Evil”, Journal of Bible and Religion, Vol. 30, No. 3, 1962, 187-197.
  • Mackie, J. L. “Evil and Omnipotence”, Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, ed. Louis P. Pojman, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2008, 173-181.
  • _____Kötülük ve Mutlak Güç”, çev. Metin Yasa, Tanrı ve Kötülük, Ankara: Elis Yay., 2014, 9-118.
  • Peterson, Michael, vd., Akıl ve İnanç: Din Felsefesine Giriş, çev. Rahim Acar, İstanbul: Küre Yay., 2006.
  • Pike, Nelson, “Omnipotence and God's Ability to Sin”, American Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1969, 208-216.
  • Plantinga, Alvin, “The Free Will Defense”, Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, ed. Louis P. Pojman, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2008, 181-200.
  • _____,“Özgür İrade Savunması”, çev. Rahim Açar, Din Felsefesi: Seçme Metinler, ed. Michael Peterson, vd., çev. Rahim Acar, Nebi Mehdiyev vd., İstanbul: Küre yay., 2013, 398-423.
  • _____,God and Other Minds, London: Cornell University Press, 1967.
  • Pojman, Louis P., Philosophy: The Quest For Truth, ed. Louis P. Pojman, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Pojman, Louis P., Michael Rea, Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, ed. Louis P. Pojman, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2008.
  • Pruss, Alexander R., “A New Free-Will Defence”, Religious Studies, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2003, 211-223.
  • Ragland, C. P., “Descartes's Theodicy”, Religious Studies, Vol. 43, No. 2, 2007, 125- 144.
  • Reçber, Mehmet Sait, “Ateizm ve Ateistik Deliller”, Din ve Ahlak Felsefesi, ed. Recep Kılıç, Ankara: Ankuzem Yay., 2006, 110-146.
  • _____,“Tanrı ve Ahlakî Doğruların Zorunluluğu” Ankara Üniversitesin İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, C.XLIV, S. 1, Ankara: 2003, 135-160
  • Rood, Rick, “Tanrı ve Kötülük: İyi Bir Tanrı Kötülüğe Nasıl İzin Verir”, çev. Metin Yasa, Tanrı ve Kötülük, Ankara: Elis Yay., 2014, 119-125.
  • Rowe, William, “The Inductive Argument from Evil Against the Existence of God”, Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, Ed. Louis P. Pojman, Michael Rea, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2008, 200-207.
  • Stump, Eleonore, “Knowledge, Freedom and the Problem of Evil”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1983, 49-58.
  • Swinburne, Richard, Tanrı Var mı?, çev. Muhsin Akbaş, Bursa: Arasta Yay., 2001. Van Inwagen, Peter, “The Problem of Evil” Philosophy of Religıon, ed. William J. Wainwright, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, 188-220.
  • _____,“Moral Responsibility, Determinism, and the Ability to Do Otherwise”, The Journal of Ethics, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1999, 341-350.
  • -----------------------------Yaran, Cafer Sadık, Kötülük ve Theodise, Ankara: Vadi Yay., 1997.
  • ------------------Yasa, Metin, Tanrı ve Kötülük, Ankara: Elis Yay., 2014.
  • Zagzebski, Linda, “An Agent-Based Approach to the Problem of Evil”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 39, No. 3, 1996, 127-139.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Eyüp Aktürk This is me

Publication Date April 30, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Issue: 62

Cite

APA Aktürk, E. (2015). MANTIKSAL BİR SORUN OLARAK KÖTÜLÜK. EKEV Akademi Dergisi(62), 35-50.