Research Article
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Year 2025, Issue: 104, 395 - 419
https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1791369

Abstract

References

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  • Dordi, T., Henstra, D., & Thistlethwaite, J., (2022). Flood risk management and governance: A bibliometric review of the literatüre, Journal of Flood Risk Management, 2022;15:e12797, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12797
  • Dottori, F., Salamon, P., Bianchi, A., Alfieri, L., Hirpa, F. A., & Feyen, L. (2016). Development and evaluation of a framework for global flood hazard mapping. Advances in Water Resources, 94, 87-102.
  • Drapela, K., & Drapelova, I. (2011). Application of Mann-Kendall test and the Sen’s slope estimates for trend detection in deposition data from Bily Kriz (Beskydy Mts., the Czech Republic) 1997-2010. Beskydy, 4(2), 133-146. http://www.mendelu.cz/dok_server/slozka.pl?id=57763\download=88743 adresinden 24.09.2025 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • DSİ (Devlet Su İşleri-Etüt Planlama ve Tahsisler Dairesi Başkanlığı-Rasatlar Şube Müdürlüğü). D26A068 Dicle Havzası Nerdüş Çayı Pınarönü, AGİ Verileri.
  • DSİ (Devlet Su İşleri), Etüt Planlama ve Tahsisler Dairesi Başkanlığı, Rasatlar Şube Müdürlüğü. (1972-2023). D26A068 Dicle Havzası Nerdüş Çayı Pınarönü AGİ verileri [ham akım gözlem verileri]. Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü.
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  • Gharakhanlou, N., & Perez, L. (2022). Spatial prediction of current and future flood susceptibility: examining the implications of changing climates on flood susceptibility using machine learning models. Entropy, 24(11), 1630. https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111630
  • Gilbert, R. O. (1987). Sen’s nonparametric estimator of slope. In Statistical methods for environmental pollution monitoring (pp. 217-219). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Gocic, M., & Trajkovic, S. (2013). Analysis of changes in meteorological variables using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator statistical tests in Serbia. Global and Planetary Change, 100, 172-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.10.014
  • Google Earth Engine, A planetary-scale platform for Earth science data & analysis. https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets?hl=tr, adresinden 30.05.2025 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
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  • Jiqin, H., Gelata, F. T., & Gemeda, S. C. (2023). Application of MK trend and test of Sen’s slope estimator to measure impact of climate change on the adoption of conservation agriculture in Ethiopia. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 14(3), 977-988. https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.508
  • Imran, J., Nemnem, A. M., Tanim, A. H., Khan, M. S., Nahian, A., & Goharian, E. (2023). How extreme rainfall and failing dams unleashed the Derna flood disaster, Nature Communications, 16(1), 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59261-9
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  • Islam, M. T., Islam, M., & Zakaria, M. (2025). Characterization of long-term annual and seasonal precipitation trends in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 156(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-05244-7
  • Kartal, V., Yavuz, V. S., Ariman, S., Kaya, K., Alkanjo, & S., Şimşek O. (2024). Climate change trends in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye: precipitation and drought, Journal of Water & Climate Change 15(12):5893-5919, https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.503
  • Kendall, M. G. (1975). Rank correlation methods (4th ed.). Charles Griffin.
  • Kerketta, J., & Singh, A. (2020). Temporal trend analysis of temperature data using Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator. Journal of Water Engineering and Management, 1(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.47884/jweam.v1i1pp31-43
  • Khalifeh Soltanian, F., Abbasi, M., & Riyahi Bakhtyari, H. R. (2019). Flood monitoring using NDWI and MNDWI spectral indices: A case study of Aghqala flood-2019, Golestan Province, Iran. The international archives of the photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial İnformation Sciences, 42, 605-607. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W18-605-2019
  • Koralay, N., & Kara, Ö. (2024). Assessment of flood risk in Söğütlü stream watershed of Trabzon province in Turkey using GIS and AHP approach. Natural Hazards, 120(11), 9977-10000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06594-1
  • Ludwig, P., Ehmele, F., Franca, M. J., Mohr, S., Caldas-Alvarez, A., Daniell, J. E., Uwe Ehret, Feldmann, H., Hundhausen, M., Knippertz, P., Küpfer, K., Kunz, M., Mühr, B., Pinto, J. G., Quinting, J., Schäfer, A. M., Seidel, & F., Wisotzky, C., (2023). A multi-disciplinary analysis of the exceptional flood event of July 2021 in central Europe-Part 2: Historical context and relation to climate change, NHESS, Volume 23 (4), 1287-1311, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1287-2023
  • Madsen, H., Lawrence, D., Lang, M., Martinkova, M., & Kjeldsen, T. R. (2014). Review of trend analysis and climate change projections of extreme precipitation and floods in Europe. Journal of Hydrology, 519(PD), 3634-3650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.11.003
  • Mann, H. B. (1945). Non-parametric test against trend. Econometrica, 13, 245-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1907187
  • MGM (Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü). 1959-2024 arası iklim verileri. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. MTA (Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü). (1961). 1/100.000 ölçekli Türkiye jeoloji haritaları: Cizre N49 paftası (No. 60). MTA Yayınları.
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4-6 MAYIS 2024 CİZRE SELİNİN NEDENLERİ: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ, YAĞIŞ DİNAMİKLERİ VE KENTSEL KIRILGANLIK

Year 2025, Issue: 104, 395 - 419
https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1791369

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 4-6 Mayıs 2024 tarihlerinde Cizre’de meydana gelen sel olayını meteorolojik, jeomorfolojik ve kentsel kırılganlık bağlamında incelemektedir. Araştırmada 1970-2024 dönemi Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü yağış verileri kullanılmış; eğilim analizi için Mann-Kendall testi ve Sen’in eğim tahmin yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca şiddet-süre-frekans (IDF) analizleri ve CBS tabanlı litoloji, eğim ve hidrografya verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, 4 Mayıs 2024’te kaydedilen 14,4 mm’lik yağış tek başına ekstrem bir değer oluşturmamaktadır. Ancak Mart 2024’teki 74,8 mm’lik yüksek yağış, zemin doygunluğunu artırarak Mayıs ayındaki daha düşük şiddetli yağışların taşkına dönüşmesine neden olmuştur. Litolojik olarak geçirimsiz kumtaşı-şeyl ardalanmaları ve alüvyon birimleri, yüzey akışını hızlandırmış; jeomorfolojik olarak %20’nin üzerindeki eğimler ve alüvyal yelpazeler taşkın riskini büyütmüştür. Kent içindeki menfez ve drenaj kanallarının tıkanması, özellikle Cudi ve Nur mahallelerinde derin su baskınlarına yol açmıştır. Ulusal ve uluslararası karşılaştırmalar, selin çoklu faktörlerin etkileşimiyle afete dönüştüğünü göstermektedir. Şanlıurfa 2023, Ahr Vadisi 2021 ve Derna 2023 olayları da benzer biçimde yağışın tek başına değil, jeomorfoloji ve kentsel kırılganlıkla birleştiğinde yıkıcı sonuçlar doğurduğunu kanıtlamaktadır. Çalışma, afet risk yönetiminde sadece yağış miktarına odaklanmanın yetersiz olduğunu; iklim değişikliği, topografya, zemin koşulları ve altyapının bütüncül biçimde değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

References

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  • Imran, J., Nemnem, A. M., Tanim, A. H., Khan, M. S., Nahian, A., & Goharian, E. (2023). How extreme rainfall and failing dams unleashed the Derna flood disaster, Nature Communications, 16(1), 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59261-9
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  • Kartal, V., Yavuz, V. S., Ariman, S., Kaya, K., Alkanjo, & S., Şimşek O. (2024). Climate change trends in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye: precipitation and drought, Journal of Water & Climate Change 15(12):5893-5919, https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.503
  • Kendall, M. G. (1975). Rank correlation methods (4th ed.). Charles Griffin.
  • Kerketta, J., & Singh, A. (2020). Temporal trend analysis of temperature data using Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator. Journal of Water Engineering and Management, 1(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.47884/jweam.v1i1pp31-43
  • Khalifeh Soltanian, F., Abbasi, M., & Riyahi Bakhtyari, H. R. (2019). Flood monitoring using NDWI and MNDWI spectral indices: A case study of Aghqala flood-2019, Golestan Province, Iran. The international archives of the photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial İnformation Sciences, 42, 605-607. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W18-605-2019
  • Koralay, N., & Kara, Ö. (2024). Assessment of flood risk in Söğütlü stream watershed of Trabzon province in Turkey using GIS and AHP approach. Natural Hazards, 120(11), 9977-10000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06594-1
  • Ludwig, P., Ehmele, F., Franca, M. J., Mohr, S., Caldas-Alvarez, A., Daniell, J. E., Uwe Ehret, Feldmann, H., Hundhausen, M., Knippertz, P., Küpfer, K., Kunz, M., Mühr, B., Pinto, J. G., Quinting, J., Schäfer, A. M., Seidel, & F., Wisotzky, C., (2023). A multi-disciplinary analysis of the exceptional flood event of July 2021 in central Europe-Part 2: Historical context and relation to climate change, NHESS, Volume 23 (4), 1287-1311, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1287-2023
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  • Mann, H. B. (1945). Non-parametric test against trend. Econometrica, 13, 245-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1907187
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The May-6, 2024 Cizre Flood: Climate Change, Precipitation Dynamics, and Urban Vulnerability

Year 2025, Issue: 104, 395 - 419
https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1791369

Abstract

The flood event that occurred in Cizre on May 4, 2024, was not solely the result of an extraordinary hydrological discharge, but rather the combined effects of short-duration intense rainfall, climate change-driven variability, and urban vulnerabilities. This study analyzes the event through the lenses of climate change, precipitation dynamics, and urban infrastructure deficiencies, aiming to highlight its multi-factorial nature. Meteorological records indicate that the May 4 rainfall itself was not unprecedented; however, heavy precipitation in March and April had already saturated the soils, amplifying flood risk. Long-term trend analyses of precipitation and temperature (Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope) reveal a decline in total annual rainfall but an increase in the frequency of short and intense rainfall events. Settlement expansion onto the floodplain, insufficient drainage capacity, and unplanned urbanization accelerated the transition of meteorological hazards into a disaster. Field observations revealed that clogged culverts and poorly maintained drainage channels resulted in elevated water depths to hazardous levels at the neighborhood scale. Findings emphasize that the primary determinant of disaster severity was not natural hydrological extremes, but rather anthropogenic vulnerabilities. To mitigate similar risks in Cizre, this study recommends strengthening urban drainage systems, restricting construction within floodplains, implementing routine maintenance, and developing community-scale, impact-based early warning systems. By situating the Cizre case alongside recent national (e.g. Şanlıurfa 2023) and international flood events (e.g. Ahr Valley, 2021; Derna, 2023), the paper contributes to a broader understanding of flood risk management in the age of climate change.

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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Impact Assessment
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Serkan Sabancı 0009-0002-6008-5213

Early Pub Date November 24, 2025
Publication Date November 30, 2025
Submission Date September 25, 2025
Acceptance Date November 13, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 104

Cite

APA Sabancı, S. (2025). 4-6 MAYIS 2024 CİZRE SELİNİN NEDENLERİ: İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ, YAĞIŞ DİNAMİKLERİ VE KENTSEL KIRILGANLIK. EKEV Akademi Dergisi(104), 395-419. https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1791369