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SINIFLAR ARASI HAREKETLİLİK OLASILIĞINA DAYALI YENİ BİR BÜYÜME MODELİ DENEMESİ

Year 2023, Issue: 24, 1075 - 1103, 30.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1490018

Abstract

Kuznets’in 1955 tarihli öncü çalışmasından sonra büyüme ve gelir dağılımı ilişkisi araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmiştir. Büyüme ile gelir dağılımı arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamak üzere kullanılan yaklaşımları; servet ve yeniden dağılım, uluslararası ticaret, teknolojik gelişme, makro ekonomik oynaklık ve politik ekonomi şeklinde özetlemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada öncelikle bu yaklaşımlara ilişkin teorik altyapı ve literatüre değinilmiştir. Daha sonra Akerlof ve Yellen’in adil ücret-verimlilik ilişkisine dair teorilerinden yola çıkarak ekonomik büyüme ile sınıf atlama veya düşme olasılığı arasında bağlantı kuran yeni bir model geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Model iki sınıflı devletin olmadığı hipotetik bir toplumda, sınıf atlama ihtimali arttıkça alt sınıfa mensup bireylerin üretkenliklerinde bir artış olacağı hipotezine dayanmaktadır. Alt sınıfa ait bireylerin sınıf atlama ihtimali arttıkça, üst sınıfa mensup bireylerin sınıf düşme ihtimalleri de artmaktadır. Bu nedenle sınıflar arası geçişkenliğin yükselmesi üst sınıfa ait bireylerin de eforlarında artışa yol açacaktır. Her iki sınıfın da eforlarında artış yaşanması daha yüksek çıktı ve dolayısıyla daha yüksek büyümeyle sonuçlanacaktır. Bu nedenle gelir dağılımı adilleştikçe büyüme oranı da yükselecektir, lakin gelirin tamamen eşit dağılması halinde sınıf atlama ihtimali olmadığı için bireylerin performansı düşecektir. Bu nedenle belirli bir düzeye kadar olan gelir eşitsizliği bireyleri motive etmekte, optimal düzeyin üzerindeki gelir eşitsizlikleri ise bireyleri demotive etmektedir. Başka bir deyişle gelir eşitsizliği ile büyüme arasındaki ilişki doğrusal değildir. Çalışmada son olarak modelin oyun teorisi versiyonu tanıtılmıştır.

References

  • Adams J. S.,(1963). Toward an understanding of inequity, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, November 1963, p 422-36
  • Aghion, P., Banerjee, A., & Piketty, T. (1999). Dualism and Macroeconomic Volatility. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(4), 1359–1397
  • Aghion, P. and Williamson J. G. 2000. Growth, Inequality and Globalization Theory, History and Policy”, Cambridge University Press.
  • Akerlof, G. and Yellen J. (1990), The Fair Wage-Effort Hypothesis and Unemployment, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105 (2), (May 1990), p255-283
  • Barro, R. J. and Sala-I-Martin, X. (1995) Economic Growth, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
  • Berman, E., Bound, J. Griliches, Z. (1994). Changes in the Demand for Skilled Labor within U. S. Manufacturing: Evidence from the Annual Survey of Manufactures, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 109, Issue 2, May 1994, Pages 367–397
  • Breen, R. & Garcia-Penalosa, C., (1999). Income Inequality and Macroeconomic Volatility: an Empirical Investigation, Economics Papers 1999-w20, Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.
  • Cooper, R. N.(2001) “Growth and Inequality: The Role of Foreign Trade and Investment”, Harvard University Press, pp. 2-5
  • Eicher, T.S and Turnovsky (Editors) (2003) Inequality and Growth Theory and Policy Implications, The MIT Press.
  • Gavin, M., Hausmann, R. (1998). Macroeconomic Volatility and Economic Development. In: Borner, S., Paldam, M. (eds) The Political Dimension of Economic Growth. International Economic Association Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26284-7_5.
  • Gini Coefficient By Country 2023. https://www.datapandas.org/ranking/gini-coefficient-by-country#top
  • Ismihan, M., Metin-Ozcan, K. and Tansel, A., (2002). Macroeconomic Instability, Capital Accumulation and Growth: The Case of Turkey 1963-1999 (July 2002). Bilkent University Working Paper No. 02-05, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=441180 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.441180
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1–28.
  • Persson, T., & Tabellini, G. (1994). Is Inequality Harmful for Growth? The American Economic Review, 84(3), 600–621
  • Turnovsky S.J., (2003)Volatılıty And Growth In Developıng Economıes: Some Numerıcal Results And Empırıcal Evıdence Journal of International Economics, vol. 59, issue 2, 267-295

AN ATTEMPT FOR A NEW GROWTH MODEL BASED ON INTER-CLASS MOBILITY PROBABILITY

Year 2023, Issue: 24, 1075 - 1103, 30.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1490018

Abstract

After Kuznets' pioneering study in 1955, the relationship between growth and income distribution attracted the attention of researchers. Approaches used to explain the relationship between growth and income distribution can be summarized as wealth and redistribution, international trade, technological development, macroeconomic volatility and political economy. In this study, firstly, the theoretical background and literature regarding these approaches are mentioned. Later, based on Akerlof and Yellen's theories on the fair wage-productivity relationship, a new model was tried to be developed that links economic growth with inter class mobility probability. The model is based on the hypothesis that in a hypothetical society of two-class without government, there will be an increase in the productivity of individuals belonging to the lower class as the probability of moving up the class increases. As the probability of individuals belonging to the lower class moving up increases, the probability of individuals belonging to the upper class falling down the class also increases. For this reason, the increase in the transition between classes will lead to an increase in the efforts of individuals belonging to the upper class. An increase in the effort of both classes will result in higher output and therefore higher growth. For this reason, as the income distribution becomes more fair, the growth rate will also increase, but if the income is distributed completely equally, the performance of individuals will decrease because there is no possibility of moving to upper class. Therefore, income inequality up to a certain level motivates individuals, while income inequality above the optimal level demotivates individuals. In other words, the relationship between income inequality and growth is non-linear. Finally, the game theory version of the model is introduced in the study.

References

  • Adams J. S.,(1963). Toward an understanding of inequity, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, November 1963, p 422-36
  • Aghion, P., Banerjee, A., & Piketty, T. (1999). Dualism and Macroeconomic Volatility. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(4), 1359–1397
  • Aghion, P. and Williamson J. G. 2000. Growth, Inequality and Globalization Theory, History and Policy”, Cambridge University Press.
  • Akerlof, G. and Yellen J. (1990), The Fair Wage-Effort Hypothesis and Unemployment, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105 (2), (May 1990), p255-283
  • Barro, R. J. and Sala-I-Martin, X. (1995) Economic Growth, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
  • Berman, E., Bound, J. Griliches, Z. (1994). Changes in the Demand for Skilled Labor within U. S. Manufacturing: Evidence from the Annual Survey of Manufactures, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 109, Issue 2, May 1994, Pages 367–397
  • Breen, R. & Garcia-Penalosa, C., (1999). Income Inequality and Macroeconomic Volatility: an Empirical Investigation, Economics Papers 1999-w20, Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.
  • Cooper, R. N.(2001) “Growth and Inequality: The Role of Foreign Trade and Investment”, Harvard University Press, pp. 2-5
  • Eicher, T.S and Turnovsky (Editors) (2003) Inequality and Growth Theory and Policy Implications, The MIT Press.
  • Gavin, M., Hausmann, R. (1998). Macroeconomic Volatility and Economic Development. In: Borner, S., Paldam, M. (eds) The Political Dimension of Economic Growth. International Economic Association Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26284-7_5.
  • Gini Coefficient By Country 2023. https://www.datapandas.org/ranking/gini-coefficient-by-country#top
  • Ismihan, M., Metin-Ozcan, K. and Tansel, A., (2002). Macroeconomic Instability, Capital Accumulation and Growth: The Case of Turkey 1963-1999 (July 2002). Bilkent University Working Paper No. 02-05, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=441180 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.441180
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1–28.
  • Persson, T., & Tabellini, G. (1994). Is Inequality Harmful for Growth? The American Economic Review, 84(3), 600–621
  • Turnovsky S.J., (2003)Volatılıty And Growth In Developıng Economıes: Some Numerıcal Results And Empırıcal Evıdence Journal of International Economics, vol. 59, issue 2, 267-295
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Microeconomics (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Taylan Akgül 0000-0003-0753-8615

Early Pub Date May 30, 2024
Publication Date May 30, 2024
Submission Date May 26, 2024
Acceptance Date May 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Akgül, T. (2024). AN ATTEMPT FOR A NEW GROWTH MODEL BASED ON INTER-CLASS MOBILITY PROBABILITY. Sosyal Güvence(24), 1075-1103. https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1490018