Analysis of the Effect of Selected Economic Variables on Ecological Footprint: The Case of BRICS-T Countries

Abstract

Globalisation, rapid urbanisation, excessive consumption, climate change and increasing industrialisation activities have increased the demand pressure of humanity on the environment. In this study, the effects of per capita income, openness, foreign direct investment, renewable energy consumption and total R&D (research and development) expenditures on the ecological footprint of the BRICS-T (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa-Türkiye) countries for the period 1992-2018 were investigated by FMOLS (Fully Modified Least Squares) and DOLS (Dynamic Least Squares) methods. As a result of the review, a 1% percentage increase in per capita income, openness and foreign direct investment in BRICS-T countries increased the ecological footprint by 0,21%, 0,29% and 0,39%, respectively. The 1% point increase in renewable energy consumption and R&D expenditures reduces the ecological footprint by 0.71% and 0.55%.

Keywords

• BRICS-T Countries
• Selected Economic Variables
• Ecological Footprint
• Panel Data Analysis

Seçilmiş Ekonomik Değişkenlerin Ekolojik Ayak İzine Etkisinin Analizi: BRICS-T Ülkeleri Örneği

Abstract

Küreselleşme, hızlı kentleşme, aşırı tüketim, iklim değişikliği ve artan sanayileşme faaliyetleri insanlığın çevre üzerindeki talep baskısının artmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada BRICS-T ülkelerinde 1992-2018 dönemine ait kişi başına düşen gelir, dışa açıklık, doğrudan yabancı yatırım, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve toplam ar-ge harcamalarının ekolojik ayak izine etkisi FMOLS ve DOLS yöntemleriyle araştırılmıştır. İnceleme sonucunda, BRICS-T ülkelerinde kişi başına düşen gelir, dışa açıklık ve doğrudan yabancı yarımlardaki %1 puanlık artış sırasıyla ekolojik ayak izini %0,21, %0,29 ve 0,39 oranında artırmaktadır. Yenilebilir enerji tüketimi ve ar-ge harcamalarındaki %1 puanlık artış ise ekolojik ayak izini %0,71 ve %0,55 oranında azaltmaktadır.

Keywords

• BRICS-T Ülkeleri
• Seçilmiş Ekonomik Değişkenler
• Ekolojik Ayak İzi
• Panel Veri Analizi

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