Yeni Başlayanların Deneyimleri: COVİD-19 Sonrası Dönemde Uzaktan Çalışma

Year 2023, , 211 - 230, 26.10.2023

Meri Taksi Deveciyan , Hazal Koray Alay

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.04.11

Abstract

Bu çalışma, uzaktan çalışma yöntemiyle ilk işine başlayan bilgi teknolojileri sektörü çalışanlarının deneyimlerini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme kullanılmıştır. Görüşmeler, çalışanların uzaktan çalışma yöntemine ilişkin algıladıkları avantaj ve dezavantajların yaşam ve kariyer yönlerine etkilerini anlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, içerik ve betimsel analiz kullanılarak analiz edilmiş, temalar, alt temalar ve kodlar oluşturulmuştur. Bu araştırmada iki ana ve beş alt tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Uzaktan çalışma kapsamında iş hayatına başlayanların algılarına ilişkin ana temalar; uzaktan çalışmanın avantajları/dezavantajlardır, alt temalar ise; yöneticilerine yönelik algılar, kariyer yaşamı, kurum kültürü, iş-yaşam dengesi ve öğrenme süreçleridir.

Keywords

Uzaktan Çalışma, Yeni Başlayanlar, Öğrenme, Örgüt Kültürü, İş-Yaşam Dengesi, İş Özerkliği

The Experiences of New-Starters: Remote Working in The Post-COVID-19 Era

Abstract

This study aimed to understand the experiences of information technology sector employees who started their first job using remote working. A semi-structured interview, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. Twenty-four interviews were conducted to understand the effects of the advantages and disadvantages perceived by the employees regarding the remote working method on their life and career aspects. Two prominent and five sub-themes emerged in this research. The main themes regarding the perceptions of those who start their business life within the scope of remote work and the advantages/disadvantages of working remotely are the sub-themes: perceptions of their managers, career life, corporate culture, work-life balance, and learning processes.

Keywords

Remote Work, New Starters, Learning, Organizational Culture, Work-Life Balance, Job Autonomy, Self-Discipline

References

• Allen, T.D. et al. (2015), “How effective is telecommuting? Assessing the status of our scientific findings”, Psychological Science in the PublicInterest, 16(2), 40-68.
• Andriyanty, R. et al. (2021), “The Effect of Work From Home on Corporate Culture Mediated By Motivation, Work Behavior, and Performance”, Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 19(3), 522-534.
• Ashforth, B.E. et al. (2000), “All in a day's work: Boundaries and micro role transitions”, Academy of Management Review, 25(3), 472-491.
• Baert, S. et al. (2020), “The COVID-19 crisis and telework: a research survey on experiences, expectations and hopes”, GLO Discussion Paper, No. 532, Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen.
• Bailey, D.E. & N.B. Kurland (2002), “A review of telework research: Findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work”, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 23(4), 383-400.
• Bandura, A. (1977), “Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change”, Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
• Bandura, A. (1999), “Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective”, Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 21-41.
• Barber, L.K. & A.M. Santuzzi (2015), “Please respond ASAP: Workplace telepressure and employee recovery”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20, 172-189.
• Baruch, Y. (2000), “Teleworking: Benefits and pitfalls as perceived by professionals and managers”, New Technology, Work and Employment, 15(1), 34-49.
• Bauman, R.P. (1995), “Starting a New Job”, Business Strategy Review, 6(4), 17-21.
• Bell, A.S. et al. (2012), “Job stress, wellbeing, work-life balance and work-life conflict among Australian academics”, E-journal of Applied Psychology, 8(1), 25-37.
• Bentley, T.A. et al. (2016), “The role of organisational support in teleworker wellbeing: A socio-technical systems approach”, Applied Ergonomics, 52, 207-215.
• Bhatia, D. & A. Mote (2021), “Work from home (WFH): The new normal”, Int.J.FutureGener.Commun.Netw, 14, 1905-1916.
• Brown, S.D. & C.C. Rector (2008), “Conceptualizing and diagnosing problems in vocational decision making”, in: S. Brown & R. Lent (ed.), Handbook of Counseling Psychology (392-407), Wiley.
• Charalampous, M. et al. (2022), “‘It needs to be the right blend’: A qualitative exploration of remote e-workers’ experience and well-being at work”, Employee Relations: The International Journal, 44(2), 335-355.
• Choudhury, P. et al. (2021), “Work‐from‐anywhere: The productivity effects of geographic flexibility”, Strategic Management Journal, 42(4), 655-683.
• Cooper, C.D. & N.B. Kurland (2002), “Telecommuting, professional isolation, and employee development in public and private organizations”, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 23(4), 511-532.
• Coyne, I.T. (1997), “Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear boundaries?”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(3), 623-630.
• Cresswell, J. (2017), Culture and the cognitive science of religion, Routledge.
• Cresswell, J.W. (2016), Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni, 3. Baskıdan Çeviri, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
• Deci, E.L. & R.M. Ryan (1985), “The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality”, Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109-134.
• Deci, E.L. et al. (2017), “Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science”, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 19-43.
• Delfino, G.F. & B. van der Kolk (2021), “Remote working, management control changes and employee responses during the COVID-19 crisis”, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 34(6), 1376-1387.
• Di Martino, V. & L. Wirth (1990), “Telework: A new way of working and living”, International Labour Review, 129(5), 529-554.
• Eng, W. et al. (2010), “What influences work-family conflict? The function of work support and working from home”, Current Psychology, 29, 104-120.
• Euler, T. (2015), Digital Leadership: Leading successfully in the age of digital transformation, <https://medium.com/digital-hills/digital-leadershipleading-successfully-in-the-age-of-digital-transformation-part-1-35190fdbe2a6>, 28.12.2022.
• Fonner, K.L. & M.E. Roloff (2010), “Why teleworkers are more satisfied with their jobs than are office-based workers: When less contact is beneficial”, Journal of Applied Communication Research, 38(4), 336-361.
• Gajendran, R.S. & D.A. Harrison (2007), “The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524-1541.
• Galanti, T. et al. (2021), “Work from home during the COVID-19 outbreak: The impact on employees’ remote work productivity, engagement, and stress”, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(7), e426.
• Gartner (2021), Report, <https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/gartner-top-strategic-technology-trends-for-2021>, 28.12.2022.
• Grant, C.A. et al (2013), “An exploration of the psychological factors affecting remote e‐worker's job effectiveness, well‐being and work‐life balance”, Employee Relations, 35(5), 527-546.
• Gray, H.L. (1975), “On starting a new job”, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 48, 33-37.
• Guest, D. (2002), “Human resource management, corporate performance and employee wellbeing: Building the worker into HRM”, The Journal of Industrial Relations, 44(3), 335-358.
• Hedström, P. & M. Gonzalez Munoz (2021), “Remote Work’s Effect on Motivation: A study of how remote work during the covid-19 pandemic has affected employee motivation”, Degree Project 294, KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
• Heo, S.J. (2015), “Rethinking Career Starters' Entrepreneurship in a Digital Economy”, Management & Information Systems Review, 34(1), 21-34.
• Herway, J. & A. Hickman (2020), “Remote work: Is it a virtual threat to your culture?”, Gallup.
• Hope, J. (2020), “Working from home? Follow these tips for successful remote work”, The Successful Registrar, 20(3), 9.
• Howard-Grenville, J. (2020), “How to sustain your organization's culture when everyone is remote”, MIT Sloan Management Review, 62(1), 1-4.
• Ishak, N.M. & A.Y. Abu Bakar (2014), “Developing Sampling Frame for Case Study: Challenges and Conditions”, World Journal of Education, 4(3), 29-35.
• Jabutay, F.A. & P. Rungruang (2021), “Turnover intent of new workers: social exchange perspectives”, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 13(1), 60-79.
• Jahoda, A. et al. (2009), “Starting a new job: The social and emotional experience of people with intellectual disabilities”, Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22(5), 421-425.
• Janadari, M.P.N. (2020), “A Review on the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Human Resource Management of Organizations”, Journal of Management and Tourism Research (JMTR), Special Issue, 53-60.
• Janene-Nelson, K. & L. Sutherland (2020), Work Together Anywhere: A Handbook on Working Remotely-Successfully-for Individuals, Teams, and Managers, John Wiley & Sons.
• Jerman, A. et al. (2020), “Transformation towards smart factory system: Examining new job profiles and competencies”, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 37(2), 388-402.
• Joarder, A. & S. Mustafi (2021), “Work From Home: A Curse or Boon? Analysing People's Sentiments”, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6(8), 250-257.
• Kauppinen, T. et al. (1998), “From cross‐tabulations to multipurpose exposure information systems: a new job‐exposure matrix”, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 33(4), 409-417.
• Khawand, S. & P. Zargar (2022), “Job autonomy and work-life conflict: A conceptual analysis of teachers’ wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic”, Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 42-46.
• Kıcır, B. (2019), “Evden Çalışma: Özgürlük Mü Esaret Mi?”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(1), 173-196.
• Laker, B. et al. (2021), “How to develop early career talent virtually”, MIT Sloan Management Review, 1-4.
• Mertens, D.M. (2014), “A momentous development in mixed methods research”, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 8(1), 3-5.
• Morrison, R.F. & T.M. Brantner (1992), “What enhances or inhibits learning a new job? A basic career issue”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(6), 926-940.
• Neuman, W.L. & K. Robson (2014), Basics of Social Research, Toronto: Pearson Canada.
• Nippert-Eng, C. (1996), “Calendars and keys: The classification of ‘home’ and ‘work’”, in: Sociological Forum 11(3), (563-582), Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers.
• O’Neill, T.A. et al. (2014), “Prediction of cyberslacking when employees are working away from the office”, Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 291-298.
• Pandey, S. et al. (2022), “Fight or flight: How gender influences follower responses to unethical leader behaviour”, Public Management Review, 1-21.
• Perry, S.J. et al. (2018), “Stress in remote work: Two studies testing the demand-control-person model”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 27(5), 577-593.
• Petrucci, T. & M. Rivera (2018), “Leading growth through the digital leader”, Journal of Leadership Studies, 12(3), 53-56.
• Prasad, K. (2021), “Remote Working Challenges and Opportunities during Covid-19 Pandemic”, Journal of Business Strategy, Finance and Management, 2(1-2).
• Putinas-Neugebauer, A.C. & C. Roland-Lévy (2021), “The Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 Outbreak Among the German Population”, Psychological Studies, 66(3), 308-325.
• Rañeses, M.S. et al. (2022), “Investigating the Impact of Remote Working on Employee Productivity and Work-life Balance: A Study on the Business Consultancy Industry in Dubai, UAE”, International Journal of Business & Administrative Studies, 8(2), 63-81.
• Sainger, G. (2018), “Leadership in digital age: A study on the role of leader in this era of digital transformation”, International Journal on Leadership, 6(1), 1-6.
• Sandoval-Reyes, J. et al. (2021), “Remote work, work stress, and work-life during pandemic times: A Latin America situation”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 7069.
• Sardeshmukh, S.R. et al. (2012), “Impact of telework on exhaustion and job engagement: A job demands and job resources model”, New Technology, Work and Employment, 27(3), 193-207.
• Shirmohammadi, M. et al. (2022), “Subjective well-being among blue-collar immigrant employees: A systematic literature review”, Human Resource Management Review, 33(1), 100914.
• Sinitsyna, A. et al. (2022), “Virtual coworking and remote working: Lessons and perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic from Estonia and Norway”, in: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future of Working Spaces (153-164), Routledge.
• Sull, D. & C. Sull (2021), “10 Things Your Corporate Culture Needs to Get Right”, MIT Sloan Management Review, 63(1), 1-7.
• Tewal, B. et al. (2021), “The Effect of Work-Family Conflict on Job Satisfaction and Job Performance of Banking Employee in North Sulawesi”, Am.J.Humanit.Soc.Sci.Res, 5, 24-32.
• Van Zoonen, W. et al. (2021), “Factors influencing adjustment to remote work: Employees’ initial responses to the COVID-19 pandemic”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6966.
• Verbeke, W. et al. (1998), “Exploring the conceptual expansion within the field of organizational behaviour: Organizational climate and organizational culture”, Journal of Management Studies, 35(3), 303-329.
• Vyas, L. (2022), “‘New normal’ at work in a post-COVID world: work-life balance and labor markets”, Policy and Society, 41(1), 155-167.
• Wang, B. et al. (2021), “Achieving effective remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic: a work design perspective”, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 70(1), 16-59.
• Westerman, G. et al. (2019), “Building digital-ready culture in traditional organizations”, MIT Sloan Management Review, 60(4), 59-68.
• Yıldırım, A. & H. Şimşek (2008), Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (6. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Zhang, C. et al. (2021), “Exploring public sentiment on enforced remote work during COVID-19”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(6), 797-810.