Klasik Politik İktisattan Neoklasik (Ana Akım) İktisada: İktisadın İdeolojik Yeniden Üretimi ve Depolitizasyon Süreci

Year 2024, , 197 - 223, 28.04.2024

Betül Sarı Aksakal

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.10

Abstract

İktisadın ayrı bir disiplin olarak ele alınmasını sağlayan ilk düşünce okulu klasik politik ekonomi olarak bilinen klasik iktisattır. Klasik iktisat bölüşümün bilimi olarak tanımlanır. Ancak bilimin bölüşümsel dinamiklere ne ölçüde öncelik verdiği tartışmalı bir konu olduğu düşünülmektedir. Öte yandan 1870'lerdeki marjinalist devrimin ardından neoklasik iktisadın doğuşu, iktisadın sosyal bilimlerden kopuşuna yol açmıştır. Saf ekonomik mantık, ekonomiyi toplumdan, siyasetten ve her türlü toplumsal faktörden ayırarak kendi içinde özerk bir mekanizmayla çalışan pozitif bilimlerin içine yerleştirmiştir. Böylelikle kapitalist sistemin yapısal derinliğini ve dağılım dinamiklerini sorgulayabilecek sırların dışlanmasının amaçlandığı düşünülmektedir. Tüm bu bağlamlarda klasik ve neoklasik iktisadın ideolojik temelli yeniden üretim ve depolitizasyon süreci tarihsel materyalist bir çerçevede ele alınacaktır. Böylelikle, klasik ekonomi politik olarak nitelendirilen klasik iktisadın ve ana akım iktisat olarak bilinen neoklasik iktisadın görünen yüzlerinin ardındaki kuramsal ve ideolojik gerçekliklerin açığa çıkarılmasının mümkün olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Klasik Politik Ekonomi, Neoklasik İktisat, Kapitalizm, Marjinalizm, Bölüşüm

Project Number

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From Classical Political Economics to Neoclassical (Mainstream) Economics: The Ideological Reproduction and Depoliticization Process of Economics

Abstract

The first school of thought that allowed economics to be treated as a separate discipline was classical economics, known as classical political economy. Classical economics is described as the science of distribution. However, the extent to which science prioritises distributional dynamics is debatable. On the other hand, after the marginalist revolution in the 1870s, the birth of neoclassical economics led to the separation of economics from social sciences. Pure economic logic has separated the economy from society, politics, and all kinds of social factors and put it into positive sciences that operate with an autonomous mechanism within itself. In this way, it is thought that it is aimed to exclude the secrets that can question the structural depth and distribution dynamics of the capitalist system. In all these contexts, the ideological-based reproduction and depoliticisation process of classical and neoclassical economics will be discussed within a historical materialist framework. Thus, it is thought that it will be possible to reveal the theoretical and ideological realities behind the visible faces of classical economics, characterised as classical political economy and neoclassical economics, known as mainstream economics.

Keywords

Classical Political Economy, Neoclassical Economics, Capitalism, Marginalism, Distribution

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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