Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Bilecik Şehrinin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Profilinin Mekânsal Analizi

Year 2021, , 205 - 227, 28.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.11

Abstract

Çalışmanın konusunu Bilecik şehrinde sosyoekonomik gelişmişliğin mekânsal profili oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, nicel araştırma tekniklerinden faydalanılarak tasarlanmış, sosyoekonomik gelişmişliğin ölçülmesine yönelik özgün bir ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Çalışma alanında bölgelere göre gelişmişlik düzeyleri belirlenmiş ve haritalanmıştır. Buna ek olarak ölçülen fenomene ilişkin yapılar haritalanmış, gelişmişlikle etkili unsurların neler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın temel bulguları şu şekildedir: Şehirde sosyoekonomik gelişmişlik bölgelere göre farklılık göstermektedir. Şehrin kuzey ve doğusu diğer bölgelerine göre daha fazla gelişmiştir. Gelişmişlik üzerinde belirleyici iki faktör bulunmaktadır. Bunlar kamusal hizmetlerden memnuniyet ile sosyoekonomik yaşamdan duyulan memnuniyettir. Buna göre çalışma alanında sosyoekonomik gelişmişliğin büyük ölçüde öznel refah göstergeleri tarafından denetlendiğini söylemek mümkündür.

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesinde değerli bilgilerini bizimle paylaşan Prof. Dr. Semra Günay Aktaş ve Doç. Dr. Ali Yiğit'e teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

References

  • Ahiler Kalkınma Ajansı (2013), TR71 Bölgesi İlçeleri Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Analizi, <https://ahika.gov.tr/assets/ilgilidosyalar/Tr71-Bolgesi-Ilceleri-Sosyoekonomik-Gelismislik-Analizi.pdf>, 29.03.2019.
  • Akama, J.S. & D. Kieti (2007), “Tourism and socio-economic development in developing countries: A case study of Mombasa resort in Kenya”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 735-748.
  • Akgiş, Ö. & E. Karakaş (2019), “Coğrafyada Kalkınma Araştırmalarının Kısa Tarihi”, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, (72), 85-91.
  • Aktaş, S.G. (2017), “Kapadokya Turizm Bölgesinin Algılanmış İmaj, Memnuniyet ve Sadakat Haritaları: Destinasyon İmajı, Turist Memnuniyeti ve Turist Sadakatinin Mekânsal Açıdan İncelenmesi”, Proje No: 1506E478, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir.
  • Alderete, M.V. (2017), “Examining the ICT access effect on socioeconomic development: The moderating role of ICT use and skills”, Information Technology for Development, 23(1), 42-58.
  • Anderson, T. & H. Kohler (2015), “Low fertility, socioeconomic development, and gender equity”, Population and Development Review, 41(3), 381-407.
  • Camfield, L. & L. Esposito (2014), “A Cross-Country Analysis of Perceived Economic Status and Life Satisfaction in High-And Low-Income Countries”, World Development, 59, 212-223.
  • Cheng, X. & L. Chen & R. Sun & P. Kong (2018), “Land use changes and socio-economic development strongly deteriorate river ecosystem health in one of the largest basins in China”, Science of The Total Environment, 616-617, 376-385.
  • Conceição, P. & R. Bandura (2008), “Measuring Subjective Wellbeing: A Summary Review of The Literature”, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Development Studies, Working Paper.
  • Çubukçu, K.M. (2015), Planlamada ve Coğrafyada Temel İstatistik ve Mekânsal İstatistik, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • De Jong, A. & P. Varley (2017), “Food tourism policy: Deconstructing boundaries of taste and class”, Tourism Management, 60, 212-222.
  • Dinçer, B. & M. Özaslan (2004), İlçelerin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması Araştırması, DPT, Bölgesel Gelişme ve Yapısal Uyum Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Doğu Anadolu Kalkınma Ajansı (2013), TRB2 Bölgesinde Bulunan İlçelerin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması, <http://www.daka.org.tr/panel/files/files/arsiv/Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%20ve%20Analizler/TRB2%20B%C3%B6lgesi%20il%C3%A7eleri%20Sosyoekonomik.pdf>, 29.03.2019.
  • Dowling, R. & D. Newsome (2018), Handbook of Geotourism, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Easterlin, R.A. (2006), “Life Cycle Happiness and Its Sources: Intersections of Psychology, Economics, and Demography”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 27(4), 463-482.
  • Farsani, N.T. & C. Coelho & C. Costa (2011), “Geotourism and geoparks as novel strategies for socio-economic development in rural areas”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(1), 68-81.
  • Field, A. (2000), Discovering Statistics Using SPSS For Windows, London: Sage.
  • Fujii, T. (2008), “How Well Can We Target Aid With Rapidly Collected Data? Empirical Results for Poverty Mapping from Cambodia”, World Development, 36(10), 1830-1842.
  • Fuseini, I. & J. Kemp (2015), “A review of spatial planning in Ghana’s socio-economic development trajectory: A sustainable development perspective”, Land Use Policy, 47, 309-320.
  • Gerner, D. & P. Rybár & J. Engel & L. Domaracká (2009), “Geotourism marketing in Lake Constance’ region”, Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 14(2), 197-204.
  • Getis, A. & J.K. Ord (1992), “The Analysis of Spatial Association By Use of Distance Statistics”, Geographical Analyses, 24(3), 189-206.
  • Henninger, N. & M. Snel (2002), Where are the Poor? Experiences with the Development and Use of Poverty Maps, World Resources Institute, Washington D.C.: Arendal.
  • Huebener, M. & D. Kuehnle & C.K. Spiess (2019), “Parental leave policies and socio-economic gaps in child development: Evidence from a substantial benefit reform using administrative data”, Labour Economics, 61, 101754.
  • Hyman, G. & C. Larrea & A. Farrow (2005), “Methods Results and Policy Implications of Poverty and Food Security Mapping Assessments”, Food Policy, 30(5), 453-460.
  • International Wellbeing Group (2006), Personal Wellbeing Index, 4th Edition, Melbourne, Australian Centre on Quality of Life, Deakin University.
  • İlhan, Ö.A. & E. Karakaş & B. Özkaraman (2020), “‘Cittaslow’: An Alternative Model for Local Sustainable Development or Just a Myth? Empirical Evidence in the Case of Tarakli (Turkey)”, Quaestiones Geographicae, 39(4), 23-37.
  • Kahneman, D. & A.B. Krueger (2006), “Developments in The Measurement of Subjective Well-Being”, The Journal Of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 3-24.
  • Karakoç, F.Y. & L. Dönmez (2014), “Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışmalarında Temel İlkeler”, Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, 40, 39-49.
  • Lambin, E.F. & P. Meyfroidt (2010), “Land use transitions: Socio-ecological feedback versus socio-economic change”, Land Use Policy, 27(2), 108-118.
  • Long, H. & G.K. Heilig & X. Li & M. Zhang (2007), “Socio-economic development and land-use change: Analysis of rural housing land transition in the transect of the Yangtse river, China”, Land Use Policy, 24(1), 141-153.
  • Ma, S. & A.P. Kirilenko & S. Stepchenkova (2020), “Special interest tourism is not so special after all: Big data evidence from the 2017 great American solar eclipse”, Tourism Management, 77, 104021.
  • MacKinnon, D. & A. Cumbers (2007), An Introduction To Economic Geography: Globalization, Uneven Development and Place, Pearson Education.
  • Orta Karadeniz Kalkınma Ajansı (2014), TR83 Bölgesi İlçeleri Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Endeksi, <http://www.oka.org.tr/Documents/TR83%20ILCE%20SEGE.pdf>, 29.03.2019.
  • Özdamar, K. (2016), Eğitim, Sağlık ve Davranış Bilimlerinde Ölçek ve Test Geliştirme Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Nisan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
  • Palvia, P. & N. Baqir & H. Nemati (2018), “ICT for socio-economic development: A citizens’ perspective”, Information & Management, 55(2), 160-176.
  • Peet, R. & E. Hartwick (2009), Theories of Development: Contentions, Arguments, Alternatives, Guilford Publications.
  • Pernecky, T. & C. Johnston (2006), “Voyage through numinous space: Applying the specialization concept to new age tourism”, Tourism Recreation Research, 31(1), 37-46.
  • Potter, R.B. & T. Binns & J.A. Elliott & D. Smith (2004), Geographies of Development, 2nd Edition, Harlow: Pearson.
  • Rogers, T. (2008), Conferences and conventions: A global industry, 2nd Edition, Elsevier Ltd, Burlington, MA. Roztocki, N. & H.R. Weistroffer (2016), “Conceptualizing and researching the adoption of ICT and the impact on socioeconomic development”, Information Technology for Development, 22(4), 541-549.
  • Schmitz, M. & D. Matos & I. De Aranzabal & D. Ruiz-Labourdette & F. Pineda (2012), “Effects of a protected area on land-use dynamics and socioeconomic development of local populations”, Biological Conservation, 149(1), 122-135.
  • Sen, A. (1987), The Standard of Living, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Shi, K. & L. Wu (2020), “Forecasting air quality considering the socio-economic development in Xingtai”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 61, 102337.
  • Thoma, M.V. & F. Bernays & C.M. Eising & V. Pfluger & S.L. Rohner (2020), “Health, stress, and well-being in Swiss adult survivors of child welfare practices and child labor: Investigating the mediating role of socio-economic factors”, Child Abuse & Neglect, 104769.
  • Tian, Y. & L. Wang (2019), “Mutualism of intra- and inter-prefecture level cities and its effects on regional socio-economic development: A case study of Hubei province, central China”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 44, 16-26.
  • Todaro, M.P. & S.C. Smith (2006), Economic Development, Harlow.
  • Tong, H. & J. Kang (2020), “Relationships between noise complaints and socio-economic factors in England”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 102573.
  • Wang, L. & H. Yan & X. Wang & Z. Wang & S. Yu & T. Wang & Z. Shi (2020), “The potential for soil erosion control associated with socio-economic development in the hilly red soil region, southern China”, CATENA, 194, 104678.
  • Wu, K. & X. Ye & Z. Qi & H. Zhang (2013), “Impacts of land use/land cover change and socioeconomic development on regional ecosystem services: The case of fast-growing Hangzhou metropolitan area, China”, Cities, 31, 276-284.
  • Yüncü, D. & S.G. Aktas & Y.M. Kantar (2018), “The relationship between destination image, satisfaction and loyalty in the context of cultural heritage site [online]”, in: Y. Tamara & P. Stolk & G. McGinnis (eds.), CAUTHE 2018: Get Smart: Paradoxes and Possibilities in Tourism, Hospitality and Events Education and Research, Newcastle, NSW: Newcastle Business School, The University of Newcastle, 891-896.
  • Zhang, C. & L. Luo & W. Xu & V. Ledwith (2008), “Use of local Moran’s I and GIS to identify pollution hotspots of Pb in urban soils of Galway, Ireland”, Science of The Total Environment, 398(1-3), 212-221.

Spatial Analysis of the Socio-Economic Development Profile of Bilecik City, Turkey

Year 2021, , 205 - 227, 28.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.11

Abstract

The present study aims to establish the spatial profile of the socio-economic development in Bilecik city, Turkey. The study develops an original scale to measure the socio-economic development and presents a mapping corresponding to the development level associated with the respective regions of Bilecik. The structures related to the measured phenomena are mapped, and the factors affecting the development level are determined. Some of the study's main findings are as follows: (i) Socio- economic development in the city varies according to regions. (ii) The northern and eastern regions are more developed than the other parts of the city. (iii) The satisfaction with public services and the satisfaction with socio-economic life are the two factors determining the development level. Accordingly, it is possible to say that subjective welfare indicators largely control socio-economic development in the study area.

References

  • Ahiler Kalkınma Ajansı (2013), TR71 Bölgesi İlçeleri Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Analizi, <https://ahika.gov.tr/assets/ilgilidosyalar/Tr71-Bolgesi-Ilceleri-Sosyoekonomik-Gelismislik-Analizi.pdf>, 29.03.2019.
  • Akama, J.S. & D. Kieti (2007), “Tourism and socio-economic development in developing countries: A case study of Mombasa resort in Kenya”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 735-748.
  • Akgiş, Ö. & E. Karakaş (2019), “Coğrafyada Kalkınma Araştırmalarının Kısa Tarihi”, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, (72), 85-91.
  • Aktaş, S.G. (2017), “Kapadokya Turizm Bölgesinin Algılanmış İmaj, Memnuniyet ve Sadakat Haritaları: Destinasyon İmajı, Turist Memnuniyeti ve Turist Sadakatinin Mekânsal Açıdan İncelenmesi”, Proje No: 1506E478, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir.
  • Alderete, M.V. (2017), “Examining the ICT access effect on socioeconomic development: The moderating role of ICT use and skills”, Information Technology for Development, 23(1), 42-58.
  • Anderson, T. & H. Kohler (2015), “Low fertility, socioeconomic development, and gender equity”, Population and Development Review, 41(3), 381-407.
  • Camfield, L. & L. Esposito (2014), “A Cross-Country Analysis of Perceived Economic Status and Life Satisfaction in High-And Low-Income Countries”, World Development, 59, 212-223.
  • Cheng, X. & L. Chen & R. Sun & P. Kong (2018), “Land use changes and socio-economic development strongly deteriorate river ecosystem health in one of the largest basins in China”, Science of The Total Environment, 616-617, 376-385.
  • Conceição, P. & R. Bandura (2008), “Measuring Subjective Wellbeing: A Summary Review of The Literature”, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Development Studies, Working Paper.
  • Çubukçu, K.M. (2015), Planlamada ve Coğrafyada Temel İstatistik ve Mekânsal İstatistik, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • De Jong, A. & P. Varley (2017), “Food tourism policy: Deconstructing boundaries of taste and class”, Tourism Management, 60, 212-222.
  • Dinçer, B. & M. Özaslan (2004), İlçelerin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması Araştırması, DPT, Bölgesel Gelişme ve Yapısal Uyum Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Doğu Anadolu Kalkınma Ajansı (2013), TRB2 Bölgesinde Bulunan İlçelerin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması, <http://www.daka.org.tr/panel/files/files/arsiv/Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%20ve%20Analizler/TRB2%20B%C3%B6lgesi%20il%C3%A7eleri%20Sosyoekonomik.pdf>, 29.03.2019.
  • Dowling, R. & D. Newsome (2018), Handbook of Geotourism, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Easterlin, R.A. (2006), “Life Cycle Happiness and Its Sources: Intersections of Psychology, Economics, and Demography”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 27(4), 463-482.
  • Farsani, N.T. & C. Coelho & C. Costa (2011), “Geotourism and geoparks as novel strategies for socio-economic development in rural areas”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(1), 68-81.
  • Field, A. (2000), Discovering Statistics Using SPSS For Windows, London: Sage.
  • Fujii, T. (2008), “How Well Can We Target Aid With Rapidly Collected Data? Empirical Results for Poverty Mapping from Cambodia”, World Development, 36(10), 1830-1842.
  • Fuseini, I. & J. Kemp (2015), “A review of spatial planning in Ghana’s socio-economic development trajectory: A sustainable development perspective”, Land Use Policy, 47, 309-320.
  • Gerner, D. & P. Rybár & J. Engel & L. Domaracká (2009), “Geotourism marketing in Lake Constance’ region”, Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 14(2), 197-204.
  • Getis, A. & J.K. Ord (1992), “The Analysis of Spatial Association By Use of Distance Statistics”, Geographical Analyses, 24(3), 189-206.
  • Henninger, N. & M. Snel (2002), Where are the Poor? Experiences with the Development and Use of Poverty Maps, World Resources Institute, Washington D.C.: Arendal.
  • Huebener, M. & D. Kuehnle & C.K. Spiess (2019), “Parental leave policies and socio-economic gaps in child development: Evidence from a substantial benefit reform using administrative data”, Labour Economics, 61, 101754.
  • Hyman, G. & C. Larrea & A. Farrow (2005), “Methods Results and Policy Implications of Poverty and Food Security Mapping Assessments”, Food Policy, 30(5), 453-460.
  • International Wellbeing Group (2006), Personal Wellbeing Index, 4th Edition, Melbourne, Australian Centre on Quality of Life, Deakin University.
  • İlhan, Ö.A. & E. Karakaş & B. Özkaraman (2020), “‘Cittaslow’: An Alternative Model for Local Sustainable Development or Just a Myth? Empirical Evidence in the Case of Tarakli (Turkey)”, Quaestiones Geographicae, 39(4), 23-37.
  • Kahneman, D. & A.B. Krueger (2006), “Developments in The Measurement of Subjective Well-Being”, The Journal Of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 3-24.
  • Karakoç, F.Y. & L. Dönmez (2014), “Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışmalarında Temel İlkeler”, Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, 40, 39-49.
  • Lambin, E.F. & P. Meyfroidt (2010), “Land use transitions: Socio-ecological feedback versus socio-economic change”, Land Use Policy, 27(2), 108-118.
  • Long, H. & G.K. Heilig & X. Li & M. Zhang (2007), “Socio-economic development and land-use change: Analysis of rural housing land transition in the transect of the Yangtse river, China”, Land Use Policy, 24(1), 141-153.
  • Ma, S. & A.P. Kirilenko & S. Stepchenkova (2020), “Special interest tourism is not so special after all: Big data evidence from the 2017 great American solar eclipse”, Tourism Management, 77, 104021.
  • MacKinnon, D. & A. Cumbers (2007), An Introduction To Economic Geography: Globalization, Uneven Development and Place, Pearson Education.
  • Orta Karadeniz Kalkınma Ajansı (2014), TR83 Bölgesi İlçeleri Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Endeksi, <http://www.oka.org.tr/Documents/TR83%20ILCE%20SEGE.pdf>, 29.03.2019.
  • Özdamar, K. (2016), Eğitim, Sağlık ve Davranış Bilimlerinde Ölçek ve Test Geliştirme Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Nisan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
  • Palvia, P. & N. Baqir & H. Nemati (2018), “ICT for socio-economic development: A citizens’ perspective”, Information & Management, 55(2), 160-176.
  • Peet, R. & E. Hartwick (2009), Theories of Development: Contentions, Arguments, Alternatives, Guilford Publications.
  • Pernecky, T. & C. Johnston (2006), “Voyage through numinous space: Applying the specialization concept to new age tourism”, Tourism Recreation Research, 31(1), 37-46.
  • Potter, R.B. & T. Binns & J.A. Elliott & D. Smith (2004), Geographies of Development, 2nd Edition, Harlow: Pearson.
  • Rogers, T. (2008), Conferences and conventions: A global industry, 2nd Edition, Elsevier Ltd, Burlington, MA. Roztocki, N. & H.R. Weistroffer (2016), “Conceptualizing and researching the adoption of ICT and the impact on socioeconomic development”, Information Technology for Development, 22(4), 541-549.
  • Schmitz, M. & D. Matos & I. De Aranzabal & D. Ruiz-Labourdette & F. Pineda (2012), “Effects of a protected area on land-use dynamics and socioeconomic development of local populations”, Biological Conservation, 149(1), 122-135.
  • Sen, A. (1987), The Standard of Living, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Shi, K. & L. Wu (2020), “Forecasting air quality considering the socio-economic development in Xingtai”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 61, 102337.
  • Thoma, M.V. & F. Bernays & C.M. Eising & V. Pfluger & S.L. Rohner (2020), “Health, stress, and well-being in Swiss adult survivors of child welfare practices and child labor: Investigating the mediating role of socio-economic factors”, Child Abuse & Neglect, 104769.
  • Tian, Y. & L. Wang (2019), “Mutualism of intra- and inter-prefecture level cities and its effects on regional socio-economic development: A case study of Hubei province, central China”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 44, 16-26.
  • Todaro, M.P. & S.C. Smith (2006), Economic Development, Harlow.
  • Tong, H. & J. Kang (2020), “Relationships between noise complaints and socio-economic factors in England”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 102573.
  • Wang, L. & H. Yan & X. Wang & Z. Wang & S. Yu & T. Wang & Z. Shi (2020), “The potential for soil erosion control associated with socio-economic development in the hilly red soil region, southern China”, CATENA, 194, 104678.
  • Wu, K. & X. Ye & Z. Qi & H. Zhang (2013), “Impacts of land use/land cover change and socioeconomic development on regional ecosystem services: The case of fast-growing Hangzhou metropolitan area, China”, Cities, 31, 276-284.
  • Yüncü, D. & S.G. Aktas & Y.M. Kantar (2018), “The relationship between destination image, satisfaction and loyalty in the context of cultural heritage site [online]”, in: Y. Tamara & P. Stolk & G. McGinnis (eds.), CAUTHE 2018: Get Smart: Paradoxes and Possibilities in Tourism, Hospitality and Events Education and Research, Newcastle, NSW: Newcastle Business School, The University of Newcastle, 891-896.
  • Zhang, C. & L. Luo & W. Xu & V. Ledwith (2008), “Use of local Moran’s I and GIS to identify pollution hotspots of Pb in urban soils of Galway, Ireland”, Science of The Total Environment, 398(1-3), 212-221.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Öznur Akgiş İlhan 0000-0001-7224-8353

Erdal Karakaş 0000-0002-7687-9686

Publication Date April 28, 2021
Submission Date December 12, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Akgiş İlhan, Ö., & Karakaş, E. (2021). Bilecik Şehrinin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Profilinin Mekânsal Analizi. Sosyoekonomi, 29(48), 205-227. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.11
AMA Akgiş İlhan Ö, Karakaş E. Bilecik Şehrinin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Profilinin Mekânsal Analizi. Sosyoekonomi. April 2021;29(48):205-227. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.11
Chicago Akgiş İlhan, Öznur, and Erdal Karakaş. “Bilecik Şehrinin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Profilinin Mekânsal Analizi”. Sosyoekonomi 29, no. 48 (April 2021): 205-27. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.11.
EndNote Akgiş İlhan Ö, Karakaş E (April 1, 2021) Bilecik Şehrinin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Profilinin Mekânsal Analizi. Sosyoekonomi 29 48 205–227.
IEEE Ö. Akgiş İlhan and E. Karakaş, “Bilecik Şehrinin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Profilinin Mekânsal Analizi”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 29, no. 48, pp. 205–227, 2021, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.11.
ISNAD Akgiş İlhan, Öznur - Karakaş, Erdal. “Bilecik Şehrinin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Profilinin Mekânsal Analizi”. Sosyoekonomi 29/48 (April 2021), 205-227. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.11.
JAMA Akgiş İlhan Ö, Karakaş E. Bilecik Şehrinin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Profilinin Mekânsal Analizi. Sosyoekonomi. 2021;29:205–227.
MLA Akgiş İlhan, Öznur and Erdal Karakaş. “Bilecik Şehrinin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Profilinin Mekânsal Analizi”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 29, no. 48, 2021, pp. 205-27, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.11.
Vancouver Akgiş İlhan Ö, Karakaş E. Bilecik Şehrinin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Profilinin Mekânsal Analizi. Sosyoekonomi. 2021;29(48):205-27.